Design style during the 20th century
TheBreakers Hotel inPalm Beach , Florida is an example of Mediterranean Revival style Mediterranean Revival is anarchitectural style that incorporates traditional design aspects from theMediterranean region , particularly Italy, Spain, and Greece.[ 1] Spanish Renaissance ,Spanish Colonial ,Italian Renaissance ,French Colonial ,Beaux-Arts ,Moorish , andVenetian Gothic architecture .
Originating in Italy, the style was introduced to North America in the early 20th century and peaked in popularity during the 1920s and 1930s.[ 2] Renaissance-era palaces and seasidevillas and applied their elements to the rapidly expanding cities and coastal resorts of Florida and California. The movement also spread to neighboring countries, often through American architects, such asCuba and Canada.[citation needed
Structures are generally based on a rectangular floor plan, typically one or two stories, which feature massive, symmetrical primary façades. Common characteristics includestuccoed walls, redtiled roofs, arched or circular windows, wood orwrought iron balconies with window grilles, and articulated door surrounds;keystones were occasionally employed, while ornamentation varied from simple to dramatic.[ 3] [ 4] [ 1]
Mediterranean Revival was most commonly utilized for hotels, apartment buildings, commercial structures, and residences. ArchitectsAugust Geiger andAddison Mizner were foremost in Florida, whileBertram Goodhue ,Sumner Spaulding , andPaul Williams were in California.[citation needed
Pasadena City Hall in California is also an example of theCity Beautiful fashionLocated inMiami Beach and built in 1927 to house the Washington Storage Company, the Mediterranean Revival building opened to the public as a museum and research center in 1995. AdventHealth Celebration , Celebration, Florida, opened in 1997Allouez Pump House in Allouez, Wisconsin, 1925Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California, 1921 (demolished)Beverly Hills City Hall , Beverly Hills, California, 1932Beverly Shores Railroad Station , 1928Boca Raton Resort & Club in Boca Raton, Florida, completed in 1926The Broadmoor (stylized as THE BROA DMOOR) in Colorado Springs, Colorado, completed in 1918Cà d'Zan , former John Ringling estate in Sarasota, Florida, completed in 1926Casa Casuarina (Versace Mansion, now known as The Villa By Barton G.) in Miami Beach, Florida, 1930Catalina Casino in Avalon, California, completed May 29, 1929Coco Plum Woman's Club in Coral Gables, Florida, built in 1926Cooley High School , Detroit, Michigan, built in 1928Plymouth County Hospital , a tuberculosis sanatorium in Hanson, Massachusetts. Completed in 1919Delaware and Hudson Passenger Station in Lake George, New York, 1909–1911Don CeSar Hotel, St. Pete Beach, Florida, completed in 1928E. W. Marland Mansion in Ponca City, Oklahoma, completed in 1928The Church of Scientology'sFlag Building , Clearwater, Florida, completed in 2011 Florida Theatre in Jacksonville, Florida, completed in 1927Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater, Florida, completed in 1926Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex in Portland, Oregon, completed in 1926Freedom Tower in Miami, Florida, completed in 1925Santa Fe Railway depot in Fullerton, California, completed 1930Gaia Apartment Building inBerkeley , California, 2001 Greenacres (formerHarold Lloyd Estate ) in Beverly Hills, California, completed in 1928 Harder Hall Hotel ,Sebring, Florida , completed in 1928Hayes Mansion in San Jose, California, completed in 1905The Hillview inHollywood, California , completed in 1917[ 5] Knowles Memorial Chapel , Winter Park, Florida, built in 1932L. Ron Hubbard House , Washington, D.C., built in 1904Miami-Biltmore Hotel in Coral Gables, Florida, completed in 1926Miami Senior High School , in Miami, Florida, established in 1903Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in Los Angeles, California, 1913Nottingham Cooperative , 1927, Madison, WisconsinPalm Beach Hotel , Palm Beach, Florida, built in 1925Pasadena City Hall in Pasadena, California, 1927Port Washington Fire Engine House in Wisconsin, completed in 1929Presidio building in San Francisco, California, completed in 1912Rose Crest Mansion (Currently part ofThe Mary Louis Academy ) in Jamaica Estates, New York, completed in 1909 Snell Arcade in St. Petersburg, Florida. 1925Stuart Court Apartments , Richmond, Virginia, completed in 1926Sunrise Theatre , Fort Pierce, Florida, built in 1922The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror in Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida. 1994Town Club (Portland, Oregon) , completed 1931Villa Vizcaya in Miami, Florida, completed in 1914Vinoy Park Hotel in St. Petersburg, Florida, completed in 1925William J. Burns House , in Sarasota, Florida, built in 1927Wolfsonian-FIU , in Miami Beach, Florida, 1927Hotel Nacional de Cuba , inHavana , Cuba, completed in 1930[citation needed Gustafson, Lee and Phil Serpico (1999).Santa Fe Coast Lines Depots: Los Angeles Division . Palmdale, CA: Acanthus Press.ISBN 0-88418-003-4 Newcomb, Rexford (1992).Mediterranean Domestic Architecture for the United States . New York: Hawthorne Printing Company.ISBN 0-926494-13-9 Nolan, David (1995).The Houses of St. Augustine . Sarasota, Pineapple Press. Nylander, Justin A. (2010).Casas to Castles: Florida's Historic Mediterranean Revival Architecture . Schiffer Publishing.ISBN 978-0-7643-3435-1 Signor, John R. (1997).Southern Pacific Lines: Pacific Lines Stations . Vol. 1. Pasadena, CA: Southern Pacific Historical and Technical Society.ISBN 0-9657208-4-5
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