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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Adaptol, Mebicar |
| Other names | Adaptol; Mebicar; Mebicarum; Mebikar; Tetramethylglycoluril; 1,3,4,6-Tetramethylglycoluril |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Gastrointestinal tract: 77–80% |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 3 hours[1] |
| Excretion | Urine: 55–70% |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H14N4O2 |
| Molar mass | 198.226 g·mol−1 |
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Temgicoluril (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name),[2] also known astetramethylglycoluril and sold under the brand namesAdaptol andMebicar, is ananxiolytic medication produced by Latvian pharmaceutical companyOlainfarm and sold inLatvia andRussia.[3]
Thechemical structure of temgicoluril is somewhat similar touric acid and it doesn't interact with acids, alkali, oxidants and reducing agents. It seems to affect all majorneurotransmitter systems.[4]
Temgicoluril has an effect on the structure oflimbic–reticular activity, particularly onhypothalamus emotional zone, as well as on all several basic neuromediator systems – γaminobutyric acid (GABA),choline,serotonin, and adrenergic activity. It decreases brainnorepinephrine levels and increases brain serotonin levels without modulatingdopaminergic systems orcholinergic systems.[5]
Temgicoluril purportedly has anti-anxiety (anxiolytic) properties.[5][6][7][8][9] It is also used to aid smoking cessation.[3] In addition, temgicoluril may be useful in the treatment ofADHD symptoms.[10] In contrast with typical anxiolytic medications such as benzodiazepines, temgicoluril is non-habit forming, non-sedating, and does not impair motor function.[6][3]
It can be prepared by condensation of1,3-dimethylurea with glyoxal. One publication described such a procedure. They combined dimethylurea and glyoxal with a catalytic amount of phosphoric acid anhydride in an aqueous solution at room temperature and after sufficient time temgicoluril was conveniently isolated by filtration. The filtrate can be re-used by adding more dimethylurea and glyoxal (no additional catalyst is needed) and obtaining respectable yields, although this requires a longer reaction time.[11]
As of 2021, temgicoluril has not been evaluated outside of Latvia and Russia.
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Temgicoluril is used in Latvia and Russia, as apharmaceutical drug to treatanxiety and to prevent or reduce anxiety, unrest, fear,internal emotional tension andirritability, reduceneuroses andneurotic disorders, heartburns of non-coronary heart disease origin. These effects are not accompanied with relaxation ofmuscle tone and impaired coordination of movement, suppression of mental and physical activity, so the drug can be used without interruption of work or school.
Temgicoluril does not have a direct effect on sleep, however, it enhances the effectiveness of sleep medicines and normalizes the course of disturbed sleep. Temgicoluril alleviates or eliminates the manifestations ofnicotine dependence that occur aftersmoking cessation. Although temgicoluril does not causemood swings oreuphoria, habituation, nor addiction, withdrawal syndrome has been observed.[contradictory]
Possible and rareside effects may includedizziness,hypotension,indigestion,allergic reactions (itchy skin) after high doses,hypothermia, fatigue. And loweredblood pressure and/orbody temperature decreased by 1 to 1.5 °C. Blood pressure and body temperature return to normal after completion of treatment.[12]
