Calendar year
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Calendar year
2023 by topic By international organization
2023 (MMXXIII ) was acommon year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar , the 2023rd year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 3rd millennium and the21st century , and the 4th year of the2020s decade.
Calendar year
Catastrophic natural disasters in 2023 included the5th-deadliest earthquake of the 21st century striking Turkey andSyria , leaving up to 62,000 people dead;Cyclone Freddy , the longest-lasting recorded tropical cyclone inhistory in theIndian Ocean , which led to over 1,400 deaths inMalawi andMozambique ;Storm Daniel , which became the deadliest tropical cyclone worldwide sinceTyphoon Haiyan after killing at least 5,300 people inLibya ; a major6.8 magnitude earthquake striking westernMorocco , killing 2,960 people; and a6.3 magnitude quadruple earthquake striking westernAfghanistan , killing over 1,400 people. The year also saw a decline in the severity of theCOVID-19 pandemic , with theWHO (World Health Organization) ending itsglobal health emergency status in May.
TheRussian invasion of Ukraine andMyanmar civil war continued in 2023, and aseries of coups , several armed conflicts, andpolitical crises broke out in numerous African nations, most notably aSudanese civil war . InArmenia andAzerbaijan , theNagorno-Karabakh conflict ended after over 100,000Armenians fled the region after anAzeri military invasion .InIndia , the year marked the beginning of theethnic violence in the state ofManipur between theKuki and theMeitei people. A major escalation of theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict occurred in October whenHamas , the governing body of theGaza Strip , leda major attack onIsrael , leading the latter to bothdeclare war on Hamas andinvade the Gaza Strip ; the Israeliaerial bombardment campaign killed 20,000 Palestinians within two months and caused ahumanitarian crisis , leading toallegations of genocide that formed the basis of anICJ case brought bySouth Africa that December.
Abanking crisis resulted in the collapse of numerousAmerican regional banks as well as thebuyout ofCredit Suisse byUBS inSwitzerland . The two largest American banks to collapse wereSilicon Valley Bank andFirst Republic Bank , two of the three largestbanking collapses in US history. The most notable of numerous acquisitions in various industries included October's energy acquisitions withExxonMobil andChevron buyingPioneer Natural Resources andHess respectively, the luxury fashion holding companyTapestry (Coach New York andKate Spade New York ) announcing its purchase ofCapri Holdings (Michael Kors andVersace ), and the closure ofMicrosoft 'sacquisition ofActivision Blizzard . In the realm of technology, 2023 sawthe continued rise of generative AI models , with increasing applications across various industries. These models, leveraging advancements inmachine learning andnatural language processing , had become capable of creating realistic and coherent text, music, and images.
Funeral ofPope Benedict XVI January 1 –Croatia adopts theeuro and joins theSchengen Area , becoming the 20th member state of theEurozone and the 27th member of the Schengen Area. This is the first enlargement of the Eurozone sinceLithuania 's entry in2015 , and the first enlargement of the Schengen Area sinceLiechtenstein 's entry in2011 .[ 1] [ 2] January 5 – Thefuneral ofPope Benedict XVI is held atSt. Peter's Square in theVatican City .[ 3] [ 4] January 8 January 9 –Juliaca massacre : At least 18 people are killed and over 100 others are injured when thePeruvian National Police fire upondemonstrations inJuliaca .[ 10] January 10 –17 – Acold snap in Afghanistan kills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.[ 12] January 15 –Yeti Airlines Flight 691 crashes during final approach intoPokhara ,Nepal , killing all 72 people on board.[ 13] January 16 –Tigray War :Amharan Special Forces withdraw from theTigray Region in line with anAfrican Union -backedpeace agreement between theEthiopian government and theTigray People's Liberation Front .[ 14] January 17 –Nguyễn Xuân Phúc resigns asPresident of Vietnam amid several recent scandals inthe government .[ 15] January 18 –A helicopter crash inBrovary nearKyiv ,Ukraine kills 14 people includingUkrainian Minister of Internal Affairs Denys Monastyrsky .[ 16] [ 17] [ 18] January 20 – TheParliament of Trinidad and Tobago elects formersenate president, minister and lawyerChristine Kangaloo aspresident in a 48–22 vote.[ 19] January 21 January 25 –Chris Hipkins succeedsJacinda Ardern asPrime Minister of New Zealand ,[ 22] her resignation .[ 23] January 27 – Widespread unrest erupts inIsrael following anIsraeli military raid inJenin the previous day, which killed nine Palestinians. Incendiary air balloons are launched into Israeli-populated areas following it. Israel responds with targeted airstrikes. Later the same day, seven Jewish civiliansare killed in a synagogue inNeve Yaakov in a terrorist attack.[ 24] [ 25] January 27 –28 – The second round of the2023 Czech presidential election is held, withPetr Pavel declared winner.[ 26] January 30 Cyclone Freddy near MadagascarFebruary 4 –Cyclone Freddy forms in theIndian Ocean . It would become the longest lastingtropical cyclone in history andcause over 1,400 deaths and countless injuries and property damage across southeastern Africa.[ 40] February 5 – The2023 Cypriot presidential election is held, withNikos Christodoulides electedpresident .[ 41] [ 42] February 6 – A 7.8Mww earthquake strikes southern and centralTurkey and northern and westernSyria followed by a 7.7 Mww aftershock on the same day, causing widespread damage and at more than 59,000 fatalities and 121,000 injured.[ 43] [ 44] [ 45] February 13 – The2023 Bangladeshi presidential election scheduled for 19 February is held, withShahabuddin Chuppu of theAwami League , the only nominated candidate, elected unopposed.[ 46] [ 47] [ 48] [ 49] [ 50] February 14 – TheEuropean Parliament approves a ban on the sale of new petrol and dieselvehicles in theEuropean Union from 2035, citing the need to combatclimate change in Europe and promoteelectric vehicles .[ 51] February 16 – Lawmakers in theRussian State Duma vote to withdraw Russia from 21 conventions of theCouncil of Europe .[ 52] February 17 – TheSouth African Navy hosts a 10-day jointmilitary exercise in theIndian Ocean withRussia andChina .[ 53] February 19 –Libyan Crisis : TheAfrican Union announces the organization of apeace conference to address the instability inLibya .[ 54] February 21 – Vladimir Putin announces that Russia is suspending its participation inNew START , a nuclear arms reduction treaty with the US.[ 55] February 23 –Oman opens itsairspace toIsraeli airlines for the first time, in an upgrade ofbilateral relations .[ 56] February 25 –2023 Nigerian general election :Bola Tinubu is elected as Nigeria'spresident , defeating formervice president Atiku Abubakar andPeter Obi .[ 57] [ 58] February 27 – The United Kingdom and the European Union reach anagreement surrounding modifications to theNorthern Ireland Protocol .[ 59] February 28 – Atrain crash inThessaly ,Greece , kills 57 people and injures dozens. The crash leads to nationwideprotests and strikes against the condition of Greek railways and their mismanagement.[ 60] [ 61] Võ Văn Thưởng becomes the new president of VietnamXi Jinping is re-elected as the president of the People's Republic of ChinaMarch 10 March 14 –OpenAI launchesGPT-4 , a large language model forChatGPT , which can respond to images and can process up to 25,000 words.[ 74] March 17 – TheInternational Criminal Court issuesan arrest warrant for Russian presidentVladimir Putin andMaria Lvova-Belova , Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights, marking the first arrest warrant against a leader of apermanent member of theUnited Nations Security Council .[ 75] [ 76] March 19 – In a deal brokered by theSwiss government , investment bankUBS agrees to buy Credit Suisse forCHF 3 billion (US$3.2 billion ) in an all-stock deal.[ 77] [ 78] [ 79] March 20 – TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the synthesis report of itsSixth Assessment Report onclimate change .[ 80] March 23 –World Athletics , the global governing body for athletics, banstrans women who have gone through malepuberty from competing in female events.[ 81] March 24 –27 – Atornado outbreak kills at least 26 people in Mississippi and Alabama. This includes aviolent tornado which devastated the city ofRolling Fork and the town ofSilver City in Mississippi, killing 16 people and injuring 165 others.[ 82] [ 83] March 26 March 29 March 30 – TheInternational Court of Justice rules that theUnited States violated itsTreaty of Amity withIran when it allowed its domestic courts to freeze assets held by Iranian companies.[ 90] March 31 –April 1 – Ahistoric and widespread tornado outbreak occurs in the United States, killing 33 people, injuring more than 218 others, and caused over $5.4 billion in damage. This tornado outbreak produced 147 tornadoes, making it the third-largesttornado outbreak in history.[ 91] Finland joins NATO as the 31st member Charles III andCamilla arecrowned asKing andQueen of the United Kingdom Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is re-elected as president of TurkeyAtrain collision kills 296 people inOdisha , India Aftermath of thedestruction of theKakhovka Dam June 2 – Atrain collision inOdisha ,India results in at least 296 deaths and more than 1,200 others injured.[ 138] June 6 June 11 –Honduras opens its firstembassy inBeijing ,China , after breaking off relations withTaiwan in March.[ 146] June 12 –Eritrea rejoins theIntergovernmental Authority on Development trade bloc after suspending its membership in 2007.[ 147] June 13 – At least 106 people are killed when a wedding boatcapsizes on theNiger River inKwara State ,Nigeria .[ 148] June 14 June 18 –Titan submersible implosionTitan submersible exploring thewreck of theTitanic [ 151] June 19 June 20 – At least 46 people are killed aftera riot betweenMS-13 andBarrio 18 gang members at a women's prison nearTegucigalpa ,Honduras .[ 154] June 23 –Russian invasion of Ukraine : TheWagner Group , led byYevgeny Prigozhin ,begins an armed conflict with the Russian military, seizing the city ofRostov-on-Don and portions of theVoronezh Oblast before withdrawing the next day, after a peace agreement brokered by Belarusian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko .[ 155] June 25 – TheJune 2023 Greek legislative election is held;Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomesprime minister after hiscentre-right party ,New Democracy , wins a majority of seats in theGreek parliament .[ 156] June 28 – The2023 Sierra Leonean general election is held;Julius Maada Bio of theSierra Leone People's Party is re-electedpresident .[ 157] June 30 – TheUnited Nations Security Council votes unanimously to endMINUSMA , its peacekeeping mission inMali .[ 158] SAG-AFTRA memberspicketing during thestrike as part of the2023 Hollywood labor disputes Aereal view of thefires on the Greek island ofRhodes ECOWAS after the2023 Niger coup Burned building after the2023 Hawaii wildfires August 8 –2023 Hawaii wildfires : 17,000 acres of land are burned and at least 101 people are killed, with two others missing, when a series ofwildfires break out on the island ofMaui inHawaii .[ 189] August 10 –Tapestry , the holding company ofCoach New York andKate Spade , announces it will acquireMichael Kors 'Capri Holdings , which also ownsVersace andJimmy Choo .[ 190] August 16 –21 –Hurricane Hilary , a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes theBaja California peninsula and later causes record flooding inSouthern California .[ 191] August 18 –American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact : The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree to sign a trilateral pact.[ 192] August 20 –2023 Guatemalan presidential election : After two rounds of voting,Bernardo Arévalo ofSemilla is elected with 58% of the vote.[ 193] [ 194] Wildfire nearYellowknife in theNorthwest Territories , Canada2023 Al Haouz earthquake Storm Daniel near LibyaSeptember 1 –2023 Singaporean presidential election : Economist and formerdeputy prime minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam is electedpresident with a vote share of over 70%.[ 206] September 2 – TheIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launchesAditya-L1 , India's first solar observation mission.[ 207] September 8 –October 28 – The2023 Rugby World Cup is held in France and is won bySouth Africa who beatNew Zealand in thefinal at theStade de France , claiming a record fourthRugby World Cup title .[ 208] September 8 –2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake : A 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikesMarrakesh–Safi province in westernMorocco , killing at least 2,960 people and damaging historic buildings.[ 209] September 9 – At the18th G20 summit inNew Delhi , theAfrican Union is announced as the 21st permanent member of theG20 .[ 210] September 10 –Storm Daniel , aMediterranean tropical-like cyclone , kills at least 5,000 people, with a further 10,000 to 100,000 reported missing. In the city ofDerna inLibya , two damscollapse , resulting in a quarter of the city being destroyed.[ 211] September 14 – TheEuropean Central Bank (ECB) raiseseurozone interest rates to an all-time high of 4%, amid ongoing inflationary pressures across the continent.[ 212] September 19 –Nagorno-Karabakh conflict :Azerbaijan launchesa military offensive against theArmenia -backedRepublic of Artsakh , which ends with a swiftAzerbaijani victory.[ 213] Protests erupt in Armenia, Artsakh announces the dissolution ofgovernment institutions , and over 100,000 ethnicArmenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh .[ 214] [ 215] September 20 – Archaeologists inZambia find the world'soldest wooden structure , dating back 476,000 years, consisting of two interlocking wooden logs connected by a notch securing one perpendicular to the other.[ 216] September 21 –Rupert Murdoch announces his retirement and passes his businesses on to his sonLachlan . Murdoch ledNews Corp andFox , and formerlySky Group .[ 217] [ 218] September 24 –2023 Nigerien crisis :French President Emmanuel Macron announces that France will end its military presence in Niger and will recall itsambassador from the country.[ 219] September 25 – An estimated 170 people are killed and over 300 are injured during anexplosion at a gas station inStepanakert ,Nagorno-Karabakh .[ 220] September 30 –2023 Slovak parliamentary election :Smer , under the leadership of former prime ministerRobert Fico , wins a plurality of seats in theNational Council .[ 221] [ 222] Donald Tusk is elected as the Polish prime ministerJavier Milei wins the2023 Argentine presidential election December 3 –2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis : Venezuelavotes in a symbolic referendum on whether voters agreed with creating a subdivision in the disputed territory ofGuayana Esequiba currently under the control of neighboringGuyana . Analysts say the referendum's practical implications are likely to be minimal.[ 273] December 6 –Google DeepMind releases theGemini Language Model . Gemini will act as afoundational model integrated into Google's existing tools, includingSearch andBard .[ 274] December 10 –12 –2023 Egyptian presidential election : IncumbentPresident Abdel Fattah el-Sisi wins a third term with 89.6 percent of the vote in the election.[ 275] [ 276] December 12 – At theCOP28 climate summit inDubai , a consensus is reached for countries to "transition away" from fossil fuels, the first such agreement in the conference's 30-year history. The transition is specifically for energy systems, excluding plastics, transport or agriculture.[ 277] [ 278] December 16 –Emir of Kuwait Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by his half-brotherMishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah .[ 279] December 17 – The2023 Serbian parliamentary election is held, with theSNS coalition , led byMiloš Vučević , winning 128 of 250 seats in theSerbian National Assembly .[ 280] December 18 – A number of shipping companies announce a temporary suspension of their operations in theRed Sea due to continuedattacks on vessels byHouthi rebels.[ 281] December 20 –2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election : IncumbentPresident Félix Tshisekedi wins re-election, defeating two major challengers.[ 282] December 21 December 22 –Israel–Hamas war : The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 20,000, almost 1% of its population and surpassing the casualties in the1948 Arab–Israeli War .[ 285] December 29 December 31 –Queen Margrethe II ofDenmark announcesher abdication effective January 14, 2024, after 52 years on the throne.[ 293] Theworld population on January 1, 2023 was estimated at 7.943 billion people,[ 294] [ 295] [ 296] [ 297] life expectancy was 73.16 years,[ 298] [ 298] child mortality was by the end of the year, expected to have decreased from 2022. Less than 23% of people were living inextreme poverty (on or below theinternational poverty line ), a decrease from 2022. In April,India surpassedChina as the most populated country in the world.[ 299]
Nobel medal Chemistry –Moungi Bawendi ,Louis E. Brus &Alexey Ekimov , for the discovery and synthesis ofquantum dots .[ 304] Economics –Claudia Goldin , for her empirical research into female income and employment.[ 305] Literature –Jon Fosse , for his innovative plays, prose and style, which has come to be known as Fosse minimalism.[ 306] Peace –Narges Mohammadi , for her works on the promotion offeminism .[ 307] Physics –Pierre Agostini ,Ferenc Krausz &Anne L'Huillier , for experimental methods that generateattosecond pulses of light for the study ofelectron dynamics in matter.[ 308] Physiology or Medicine –Katalin Karikó &Drew Weissman , for their discoveries concerningnucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effectivemRNA vaccines againstCOVID-19 .[ 309] ^ "Croatia set to join the euro area on 1 January 2023: Council adopts final required legal acts" .European Council/Council of the European Union . July 12, 2022.Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. 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