| 2010 Ahmadiyya massacre | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Lahore,Pakistan |
| Date | 28 May 2010 14:00[1] – (UTC+5) |
| Target | Mosques |
Attack type | Suicide bombing,Mass shooting,hostage crisis |
| Weapons | Explosive belts, guns,grenades |
| Deaths | 87[2] |
| Injured | 120+ |
| Perpetrators | Tehrik-i-Taliban Punjab[1] |
TheMay 2010 Lahore attacks, also referred to as theLahore massacre, occurred on 28 May 2010, inLahore,Punjab,Pakistan, duringFriday prayers. 94 people were killed and more than 120 others were injured in nearly simultaneous attacks against twomosques of the minorityAhmadiyya community. After the initial attack, ahostage situation lasted for hours.[1]Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, as well as their Punjab wing, claimed responsibility for the attacks and were also blamed by the Pakistani Police.
The Ahmadiyya movement was started in 1889 and follows the teachings ofMirza Ghulam Ahmad whom they believe was sent by God as thePromised Messiah andMahdi prophesied in Islam "to end religious wars, condemn bloodshed and re-institute morality, justice and peace." It is estimated there are between 3-4 million Ahmadis in Pakistan.[3]
TheAhmadiyya havepreviously been targeted bySunni groups, while they have also suffered discrimination in Pakistan in the past, most significantly during theLahore riots of 1953.[4] Pakistan does not recognize the Ahmadis as Muslim, because they claim that the latter does not recognize the finality of the prophethood ofMuhammad, as it is part of Six pillars of Faith.[5] They were declared non-Muslim in Pakistan in 1973 byZulfikar Ali Bhutto and were legally banned from identifying themselves as such in 1984 during GeneralZia-ul-Haq's Islamization as perOrdinance XX, despite Ahmadis calling themselves Muslim and following the rituals of Islam.[6] The ban occurred whenjihadist ideology became embedded in Pakistan's state and education system.[1] The media in Pakistan are legally barred from referring to an Ahmadi place of worship as a mosque.[7]
Human rights groups in Pakistan said that they had warned of threats to the Ahmadi community center in Model Town for more than a year, saying the government took inadequate steps to provide security.[3][8] The UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief,Asma Jahangir; an independent expert on minority issues,Gay McDougall; and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions,Philip Alston, claimed that because Ahmadis have been declared non-Muslims and have been subject to a number of restrictions, in many instancesinstitutionalized discrimination, opinion makers are emboldened to seek to fuel hatred, and perpetrators of attacks against religious minorities findcannon fodder.[8] According toMinority Rights Group International, Pakistan had the world's highest increase of threats against minorities last year and was ranked the sixth most dangerous country for minorities overall.[9]
Lahore has also been the site of various interval attacks by militants, including on visitingSri Lankan cricketers and thepolice academy, amongst others.
An Ahmadi man was stabbed to death, while his son was there, watching, when a trespasser attacked them.[where?] It was said that the assailant threatened not to leave any Ahmadi alive after hearing amullah'ssermon on television.[10]
Gunmen also attacked a hospital, on the same day, in which some of the injured from the mosque attack were being treated. It is unclear whether the gunmen were trying to free one of their own who was also being treated in the hospital or trying to kill him. The gunmen indiscriminately started to fire in the hospital, killing twelve people.[11][12]
The perpetrators lobbedgrenades and started firing as they attacked mosques of the minority Ahmadi Muslim community in two different residential neighborhoods.[4] The near simultaneous attacks were at Darul Zikr, Garhi Shahu and Bait-al Noor. Lack of security meant they easily infiltrated both the Mosques inLahore Model Town and inGarhi Shahu, 15km apart.[13]
The attackers at Garhi Shahu, including two would-be suicide bombers, entered the mosque without any resistance,[14] before storming into the prayer halls firing guns, throwing grenades. The assault at Model Town involved two attackers opening fire on worshippers before explodinghand grenades. The attackers did not take any hostages and killed indiscriminately.[6]
TheElite Police arrived once the attackers had entered the mosques but did not launch an operation, while the two attackers blew themselves up after the attack in Garhi Shahu which lasted four hours. Two militants were involved in each of the attacks.[7]
In Model Town, both the attackers were captured alive as they were overpowered by some of the worshippers; one of the attackers was captured on the first floor by some of the young members of the Ahmadiyya Jammat i.e.Khuddam, and one was overpowered in the main hall on the ground floor by a worshiper who was an ex-army officer.[15] At one time up to 3000 people were reported to be in the mosque during the attack.[16] This is considered the deadliest attack on Ahmadi Muslims.[17]
Many victims of the two attacks were taken to the city ofRabwah, the headquarters of Ahmadiyya Community Pakistan, for funeral services. However, it was noted that ministers, politicians and prominent figures did not attend the funeral services, although many made statements condemning the attacks. Media were absent from the burial ceremonies. There were also complaints that authorities did not provide adequate security for the funeral ceremony at Rabwah.[18] Observers said this was largely due to the fear of a backlash as the Ahmadis have the legal status of "non-Muslims" in Pakistan. A politician said that "only to call a dead Ahmadi a martyr is enough to send you behind bars for three years under the laws of the land."[19]
 | This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(September 2019) |
Rana Sana Ullah Khan, the minister of law in Punjab, said the attackers stayed with theTablighi Jamaat, a Muslimmissionary group. Its headquarters are inRaiwind, on the outskirts of Lahore. He also added that he believed the attackers, who operated as commandos, had been trained inWaziristan.[1]
On 5 July 2010,Pakistani police arrested six men, members of the banned groupHarkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, believed to be linked to the attack. The men were in possession of 18,000kg ofexplosives, 21 grenades, sixAK-47 rifles, as well as bomb-making material, and four of the men are alleged to have been logistical supporters to the attack.[20]
ThePunjabi Taliban, a subset wing of thePakistani Taliban reportedly laid claim to the attacks. It is allegedly composed of groups likeJaish-e-Mohammed andLashkar-e-Jhangvi, which were previously sponsored by the Government of Pakistan.[1] AnSMS sent to many journalists and signed by theTehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan as well as the Punjabi wing ofAl-Qaeda stated that "This is a final warning to the Ahmedi community to leave Pakistan or prepare for death at the hands of the Prophet Muhammad's devotees."[21]
The Lahore police also stated that the attacks were carried out by six militants belonging to Pakistani Taliban, who were trained in the town ofMiranshah inNorth Waziristan. They were aged between 17 and 28 and arrived in Lahore on May 21.[22]
It has been claimed that the reason the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan attacked Ahmadi mosques was becauseAl Qaeda wished to gain public support in Pakistan. Al Qaeda had been launching attacks onShia congregations in the past, but a majority of Sunnis did not endorse these attacks. Brigadier Saad said that by attacking a "community that is not liked by most of (sic) Sunni Muslims belonging to [the]Deobandi andBarelvi schools of thought, theterror network has attempted to win some sort of support from these groups" and that also because of the attack "at least close to two million those who study atDeobandimadrassahs across Pakistan would definitely have some kind of “favorable” opinion about al Qaeda." Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan vowed to launch more such attacks on what it called "infidels."[23]
In a joint statement with threeUnited Nations human rights experts, Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon, said "Members of this religious community have faced continuous threats, discrimination and violent attacks in Pakistan. There is a real risk that similar violence might happen again unless advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence is adequately addressed. TheGovernment must take every step to ensure the security of members of all religious minorities and their places of worship so as to prevent any recurrence of today’s dreadful incident." Ban's spokesperson expressed condemnation and extended his condolences to the families of the victims and to the Government.[8]
TheUnited States ambassador to Pakistan,Anne W. Patterson, issued an unusually strong statement saying Pakistan had witnessed an increase in "provocative statements that promote intolerance and are an incitement to extremist violence."[1]
An editorial published inDawn condemned the attacks, commenting that "Bigotry in this country has been decades in the making and is expressed in a variety of ways. Violence by individuals or groups against those who hold divergent views may be the most despicable manifestation of such prejudice but it is by no means the only one. Religious minorities in Pakistan have not only been shunted to the margins of society but also face outright persecution on a regular basis."[24]
In a statement made after the attacks theInterior Minister of PakistanRehman Malik admitted that militant groups were deeply entrenched in the southern part ofPunjab and were destabilizing the country.[25] He, however, ruled out the possibility of military offensive in Punjab against these militants.[26]
31°32′32″N74°20′04″E / 31.5422°N 74.3344°E /31.5422; 74.3344
