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Maximilian | |
|---|---|
 Pictured in 1913 | |
| Duke of Hohenberg | |
| Successor | Franz Ferdinand |
| Born | (1902-09-29)29 September 1902 Belvedere, Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 8 January 1962(1962-01-08) (aged 59) Vienna, Austria |
| Noble family | Hohenberg |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Duke Franz Ferdinand Duke Georg Prince Albrecht Prince Johannes Prince Peter Prince Gerhard |
| Father | Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria |
| Mother | Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg |
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg (Maximilian Karl Franz Michael Hubert Anton Ignatius Joseph Maria von Hohenberg; 29 September 1902 – 8 January 1962), was the elder son ofArchduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria-Hungary and his wifeCountess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin,Duchess von Hohenberg.[1] Because his parents' marriage wasmorganatic, he was excluded from succession to theAustro-Hungarian throne,[citation needed] to which his father washeir presumptive, and to inheritance of any of his father'sdynastic titles,[2] income, and properties, although not from the archduke's personal estate nor from his mother's property.
Maximilian was born on 29 September 1902 and baptized inVienna two days later withArchduke Charles Stephen of Austria as sponsor.[3] From birth he had the lesserprincely title and thenobiliary particlevon Hohenberg accorded his mother as a predicate at the time of her marriage, and in 1905 he shared with his siblings her receipt of thestyle "Serene Highness".[citation needed] Although Sophie had been raised from Princess (Fürstin) to Duchess (Herzogin) in 1909 byEmperor Franz Joseph, because that title was accordedad personam, Maximilian did not inherit it upon her death in 1914. On 31 August 1917, however,Emperor Charles I granted him the dukedom on a hereditary basis, simultaneously raising his treatment from "Serene Highness" (Durchlaucht) to "Highness" (Hoheit).[citation needed]
In 1911, it was rumored among French circles thatGermany planned to install Maximilian asImperial Governor ofAlsace-Lorraine.[4]
Following the assassination of his parents inSarajevo in 1914, which resulted in the outbreak ofWorld War I, Maximilian, his sister,Princess Sophie and their brother,Prince Ernst, were initially taken in by theirmaternal aunt and uncle Marie and Jaroslav, Prince and Princess vonThun und Hohenstein, subsequently being raised in the care of their step-grandmother,Archduchess Maria-Theresa of Austria.[2]
In 1919, following the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and collapse of theHabsburg monarchy, the new republic ofCzechoslovakia expropriatedKonopiště Castle, Maximilian's chief residence, and other family properties in the formerKingdom of Bohemia, and expelled the brothers to Austria. Subsequently, they lived inVienna and atArtstetten Castle inLower Austria.[citation needed] Maximilian obtained a law degree from theUniversity of Graz in 1926.[citation needed] He managed the family properties and worked as a lawyer.
Because he had never been adynast of the Austrian Imperial Family, he was neither banished nor had his propertiesexpropriated under Austria's law of exile of 3 April 1919.[2] Remaining in Vienna, by the 1930s the Duke became the leader within Austria of a significant movement for restoration of the monarchy and of his kinsmanOtto von Habsburg to the former Imperial throne.[2]
In March 1938, Austria became part of theGerman Reich as a result of theAnschluss. Having spoken out for the independence of Austria and against theAnschluss, Maximilian and his brother were arrested by theReich authorities and interned inDachau concentration camp,[2] where they were chiefly employed in cleaning the latrines. According toLeopold Figl (who served as Chancellor of Austria after World War II), they did so cheerfully and maintained comradely relations with fellow prisoners. Maximilian was released after six months (Ernst was transferred to other concentration camps and released only in 1943) and was then compelled to stay at Artstetten Castle; theReich authorities also expropriated the family's other properties in Austria.[citation needed]
After the liberation of Austria in 1945, the residents of Artstetten elected Maximilian as mayor, with the concurrence of the Soviet occupation authorities. He served two five-year terms as mayor.
Maximilian died on 8 January 1962 at the age of 59. He is buried in thecrypt of the Hohenberg family's Artstetten Castle.[5] His wife's remains are in asarcophagus to his left. His eldest son,Franz, took the ducal title.
Maximilian married on 16 November 1926 inWolfegg, Countess Maria Elisabeth Bona vonWaldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (10 August 1904 inBad Waldsee – 13 March 1993 inSalzburg). They had six sons:[citation needed][6]
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Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Family: Knight of theOrder of the Golden Fleece, 1932.[9]Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg Born: 1902Died 1962 | ||
| Vacant Title last held by Sophie | Duke of Hohenberg 1917–1962 | Succeeded by |
Generations are numbered by descent fromSophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. | ||
| 1st generation | | |
| 2nd generation | ||
| 3rd generation | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
