You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Portuguese. (October 2020)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
Machine translation, likeDeepL orGoogle Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consideradding a topic to this template: there are already 537 articles in themain category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
Youmust providecopyright attribution in theedit summary accompanying your translation by providing aninterlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary isContent in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua mawayana]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template{{Translated|pt|Língua mawayana}} to thetalk page.
Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known asMapidian (Maopidyán), is a moribundArawakan language of northern South America. It used to be spoken byMawayana [nl] people living in ethnicWai-wai andTiriyó villages inBrazil,Guyana andSuriname.[5][2] As of 2015, the last two speakers of the language are living inKwamalasamutu.[6][2] A few rememberers exist who do not use it on a daily basis.[7]
Aikhenvald (1999) lists Mawayana (and possibly Mawakwa as a dialect) together withWapishana under a Rio Branco (North-Arawak) branch of the Arawakan family.Carlin (2006:314) notes that Mawayana "is closely related to Wapishana" and according toRamirez (2001:530) they share at least 47% of their lexicon.
Mawayana has, among its consonants, twoimplosives,/ɓ/ and/ɗ/, and what has been described as a "retroflex fricativised rhotic", represented with⟨rž⟩, that it shares withWapishana. The vowel systems contains four vowels (/i-e,a,ɨ,u-o/), each of which has a nasalised counterpart.[8]
Mawayana has a polysynthetic morphology, mainly head-marking and with suffixes, although there are pronominal prefixes. The verbal arguments are indexed on the verb through subject suffixes on intransitive verbs, while agent prefixes and object suffixes on transitive verbs.[9]: 319
n-kataba-sï
1A-grab.PST-3O
n-kataba-sï
1A-grab.PST-3O
'I grabbed him.'
tõwã-sï
sleep.PST-3S
tõwã-sï
sleep.PST-3S
'He fell asleep.'
nnu
1PN
a-na
when-1S
mauɗa
die
chika-dza
NEG-COMPL
Mawayana
mawayana
nnu a-na mauɗa chika-dza Mawayana
1PN when-1S die NEG-COMPL mawayana
'When I die there will be no Mawayana left at all.'
^Hornborg, Alf; Hill, Jonathan David (2011).Ethnicity in ancient Amazonia: reconstructing past identities from archaeology, linguistics, and ethnohistory. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.ISBN978-1-60732-094-4.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (1999). "The Arawak language family". In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.; Dixon, R.M.W. (eds.).The Amazonian languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–106.
Carlin, Eithne B (2006). "Feeling the need. The borrowing of Cariban functional categories into Mawayana (Arawak)". In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.; Dixon, R.M.W. (eds.).Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carlin, Eithne B; Boven, Karin (2002). "The native population: Migration and identities". In Carlin, Eithne B.; Arends, Jacques (eds.).Atlas of the languages of Suriname. KITLV Press. pp. 11–45.
Carlin, Eithne B; Mans, Jimmy (2013). "Movement through time in the southern Guianas: deconstructing the Amerindian kaleidoscope". In Carlin, Eithne B.; Leglise, Isabelle; Migge, Bettina; et al. (eds.).In and out of Suriname: Language, mobility, and identity. Caribbean Series. Leiden: Brill.
