Maude Kegg | |
|---|---|
Naawakamigookwe[1] | |
| Born | Maude Ellen Mitchell (1904-08-26)August 26, 1904 |
| Died | January 6, 1996(1996-01-06) (aged 91) Minnesota, U.S. |
| Nationality | Mille Lacs Band of theMinnesota Chippewa Tribe.[1] |
| Known for | Beadwork,storytelling |
| Notable work | When I Was a Little Girl (1976),At the End of the Trail (1978),What My Grandmother Told Me (1983),Portage Lake: Memories of an Ojibwe Childhood (1991) |
| Awards | National Heritage Fellowship (1990)[1] |
Maude Kegg (1904–1996) was anOjibwa writer, folk artist, and cultural interpreter fromMinnesota. She was a citizen of theMille Lacs Band of theMinnesota Chippewa Tribe.[1]
She was bornMaude Ellen Mitchell.[2] HerOjibwa nameNaawakamigookwe, meaning "Middle of the Earth Lady"[1] or "Centered upon the Ground Woman".[citation needed]
Maude Mitchell was born in a darkwigwam in August of 1904 inCrow Wing County, Minnesota, near Portage Lake, a few miles northwest ofMille Lacs Lake.[2] Her parents were Charles Mitchell, a member of the non-RemovableMille Lacs Indians of theAdik-doodem, and his wife, Nancy Pine. Maude was named after her maternal uncle Gichi-Mizko-giizhig, otherwise known as George Pine. As a child she lived with her aunts Mary and Sara Pine, her father, her grandmother and her grandmother's brother, and her uncle and his wife.[3]
Due to the death of her mother in childbirth, Maude Mitchell was raised by her maternal grandmother, Margaret Pine, (also known in Ojibwe asAakogwan).[4]
She learned English from her aunts and white neighbors at an early age.[3]
During the winter her family would live in a house, but otherwise followed the traditional seasonal cycle of the MinnesotaAnishinaabeg. In the spring they would move to iskigamiziganing, or the sugar bush. In summer they set camp by the wild rice fields. They travelled by foot, horse, or birch bark canoes.
Kegg chose her own birthdate as August 26 since the exact date of her birth was not known.[2][4]
She finished eighth grade at the local county Esdon school, and was the only Native child to attend the school.[2]
She met farm worker Martin Kegg at aMidewiwin ceremony in 1917.[5] They married in 1920 in a traditional Indian manner, and again in 1922 in a church ceremony. They moved in 1942 to Shah-bush-kung Point on Mille Lacs with their children, and again in 1960 to a point more inland. Martin Kegg died in 1968.[3] Together they had eleven children.[2]
In 1968 Kegg began working as a guide at the Trading Post and Museum, which is now part of theMinnesota Historical Society.
Kegg herself was not a writer but rather dictated her stories to others, notably John D. Nichols, who transcribed the stories into both English andOjibwe.[6] In "Portage Lake" Kegg relates her memories from her childhood working with her female relatives.
She preserved many traditions of the Ojibwe from agricultural techniques, such as how to harvest and process wild rice of the northern lake area and maple sugaring. She was one of the last masters of the Ojibwe language and contributed special Ojibwe terms and language data to linguists, especially in the form of theConcise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe, published in 1995.[7][8]
Kegg worked for theMinnesota Historical Society at Mille Lacs for many years. She acted as adocent and tour guide, and helped create a large diorama of Ojibwe seasonal life, making every artifact in the exhibit.[4]
She was exceptionally skilled in beadwork, and was a master of Ojibwe floral designs and geometric loom beadwork techniques.[4] She was able to create fully beaded traditional bandolier bags, which were commonly worn by tribal leaders.[9]
She has shown pieces in theSmithsonian Institution's craft collection. The American Federation of Arts touring exhibition "Lost and Found: Native American Art, 1965-1985." showcased one of her beadedbandoliers.[2][4]
She died on January 6, 1996, at age 91.[10]
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