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Mas'ud-i Sa'd-i Salmān (Persian:مسعود سعد سلمان) was an 11th-centuryPersian poet of theGhaznavid empire who is known as the prisoner poet. He lived from ca. 1046 to 1121.[1]
He was born in 1046 inLahore to wealthy parents fromHamadan, present-dayIran.[2] His father Sa'd bin Salman accompanied theGhaznian Prince Majdûd under the SultanMahmûd's orders to garrison Lahore.[3] Mas'ud was born there and he was highly learned inastrology,hippology,calligraphy,literature and also inArabic andIndian languages.
His first work of note was as apanegyrist in the retinue of SultanIbrâhîm's son Sayf al-Dawla Mahmûd, whose appointment togovernor-general of India in 1076 Mas'ud marked with aqasideh.[3]
In 1085, he was imprisoned, in the fortress of Nay, for his complicity with SultanIbrâhîm's son, Mahmud.[4] He was released by the sultan's successor Mas‘ûd III in 1096, who appointed him royal librarian.[2] He came under the patronage ofAbu Nasr Farsi,deputy governor of India, and was appointed governor ofJallandar.[3] Two years later, continued political changes resulted in a prison stay of 8 years, with his release in 1106.[2] The last years of his life was spent in high favor, serving four consecutive sultans as librarian and panegyrist.[3]
He is known as a great Persian poet and is particularly notable for his use of conventional language and personal tone.[2]
Most of his works are written in theqasideh form, in which he followedUnsuri. He has some poems in other styles such asquatrain and qet'eh.
During one of his prison stays, he wrote theTristia, a celebrated work of Persian poetry. He had relationships with some of the Persian poets, includingOthman Mokhtari,Abu-al-Faraj Runi, andSanai.
One of his famousqasidehs about theprison named ای وائی امید ہائے بسیارم:
شخصي به هزار غم گرفتارم در هر نفسي بجان رسد كارم
بي ذلت و بي گناه محبوسم بي علت و بي سبب گرفتارم
خورده قسم اختران به پاداشم بسته كمر آسمان به پيكارم
امروز به غم فزونترم از دي امسال به نقد كمتر از پارم
ياران گزيده داشتم روزی امروز چه شد كه نيست كس يارم؟
هر نيمه شب آسمان ستوه آيد از ناله سخت و گريه ي زارم
محبوس چرا شدم نمي دانم دانم كه نه دزدم و نه عيارم
بسيار اميد بود بر طبعم اي واي اميدهای بسيارم
Couplet:
Transliteration:
Gardou be ranj o dard mara koshteh bud agar!
Peyvand e omr e man ne shodey nazm e janfezay!
Translation:
Had this sky (fate) got me killed with grief and pain (in my imprisoned state)!
This patch (of garment) of my life would not have yielded life giving poetry!
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