The river name is taken from the city ofMartapura, which was the capital of Banjar Kingdom in around 1630, specifically in the area of Kayu Tangi (hence also the name "Kayutangi River").[11] Another name is "Tatas River" (Indonesian:Sungai Tatas), pointing to the delta Tatas, which in 1787 was acquired by theDutch East India Company (now the downtown of modern-dayBanjarmasin).[12]
Thewatershed area (Indonesian:daerah aliran sungai) of Martapura is 453.88 square kilometers (175.24 sq mi), with the main river length of 36,566 meters (119,967 feet), and with all tributaries has a total length of 375.91 kilometers (233.58 mi), giving a river density level of 0.828 km/km2 (1.333 mi/sq mi).[13] The elevation difference between the upstream and downstream is 8.00 meters (26.25 ft), yielding a river gradient of 0.022%.[13] The upstream area is the Riam Kanan Dam.[13]
The river flows in the southeast area ofBorneo with a predominantlytropical rainforest climate (designated asAf in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[14] The annual average temperature in the area is 25 °C (77 °F). The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 28 °C (82 °F), and the coldest is July, at 24 °C (75 °F).[15] The average annual rainfall is 2,767 millimeters (108.9 in). The wettest month is February, with an average of 366-millimeter (14.4 in) rainfall, and the driest is September, with a 75-millimeter (3.0 in) rainfall.[16]
^James Cook, A collection of voyages round the world: performed by royal authority. Containing a complete historical account of Captain Cook's first, second, third and last voyages, undertaken for making new discoveries, &c. ... To which are added genuine narratives of other voyages of discovery round the ... , Printed for A. Millar, W. Law, and R. Cater, 1790
^(in Indonesian) Mohamad Idwar Saleh, Banjarmasih: sejarah singkat mengenai bangkit dan berkembangnya kota Banjarmasin serta wilayah sekitarnya sampai dengan tahun 1950, Museum Negeri Lambung Mangkurat Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Direktorat Permuseuman, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1982
^James Cook, A collection of voyages round the world: performed by royal authority. Containing a complete historical account of Captain Cook's first, second, third and last voyages, undertaken for making new discoveries, &c. ... To which are added genuine narratives of other voyages of discovery round the ... , Printed for A. Millar, W. Law, and R. Cater, 1790
^abcSobatnu, Ferry; Irawan, Faris Ade; Salim, Agus.Identifikasi dan Pemetaan Morfometri Daerah Aliran Sungai Martapura menggunakan teknologi GIS. Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil. 2017. Vol 1, No. 2. Halaman 45-52.
Media related toMartapura River at Wikimedia Commons