 | |
| Company type | Public limited company |
|---|---|
| LSE: MKS FTSE 100 Component | |
| ISIN | US57069PAD42  |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | 1884; 141 years ago (1884) Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |
| Founders | |
| Headquarters | London |
Number of locations | 1,463 (2019) |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
| Brands | |
| Revenue |  £13,816.8 million (2025)[1] |
 £624.3 million (2025)[1] | |
| £291.9 million (2025)[1] | |
Number of employees | 64,000 (2025)[2] |
| Parent | Marks and Spencer Group P.L.C. (2016–present)[3] |
| Website | marksandspencer |
Marks and Spencer plc (commonly abbreviated toM&S and colloquially known asMarks & Sparks or simplyMarks) is a major British multinational retailer based inLondon, England, that specialises in selling clothing, beauty products, home products and food products. It is listed on theLondon Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of theFTSE 100 Index.
M&S was founded in 1884 byMichael Marks andThomas Spencer inLeeds. Through its television advertising it asserts the exclusive nature and luxury of its food and beverages. It also offers an online food delivery service through a joint venture withOcado. In 1980, M&S became the first British supermarket chain to sell packaged sandwiches.
In 1998, M&S became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over £1 billion,[4] although it then went into a sudden slump taking the company and its stakeholders by surprise. In November 2008 the company began to sell branded goods such asKellogg'scorn flakes.[5] In November 2009, it was announced thatMarc Bolland, formerly ofMorrisons,[6] would take over as chief executive from executive chairmanSir Stuart Rose.[7] In the early 21st century clothing sales fell, while food sales increased, after M&S dropped its traditionalSt. Michael brand.
On 22 May 2018, M&S announced that it would close over 100 stores by 2022 in a "radical" plan.[8] It cut 7,000 jobs in 2020 owing to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[9] In May 2021, M&S announced plans to close another 30 shops over the next 10 years as part of its turnaround plan.[10] In its 2024 results the company stated that it was aiming at reducing locations to 180 full-line and 420 food stores in the UK, commenting that legacy stores were more expensive to operate.[11]
The company was founded by a partnership betweenMichael Marks, a Polish Jew[12][13][14][15][16] born inSlonim (nowBelarus), who had migrated to Leeds, England in the early 1880s, andThomas Spencer, a cashier from the English market town ofSkipton inNorth Yorkshire.[17][18] Marks worked for a company in Leeds called Barran, which employed Jewish migrants (seeSir John Barran, 1st Baronet). In 1884, he met Isaac Jowitt Dewhirst while looking for work. Dewhirst lent Marks £5 (equivalent to £687 in 2023), which he used to establish hispennybazaar onKirkgate Market in Leeds.[17]
Dewhirst also taught him a little English. Dewhirst's cashier was Thomas Spencer, a bookkeeper, whose second wife, Agnes, helped improve Marks's English. In 1894, when Marks acquired a permanent stall in the Leeds covered market, he invited Spencer to become his partner.[19]
In 1901, Marks moved to theBirkenhead open market in North West England, amalgamating his business with Spencer's. In 1903, the two men were allocated stall numbers 11 and 12 in the centre aisle; there they opened the penny bazaar. The company left Birkenhead Market on 24 February 1923.[20]
The next few years saw Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer move the original Leeds penny bazaar to 20, Cheetham Hill Road,Manchester, and they also opened market stalls in many locations around the North West of England.[17][21] Spencer died in 1905, and Marks in 1907; Michael Marks' son Simon became chairman in 1916. UnderSimon Marks, the company acquired other chains of penny bazaars, growing into a retail empire.[17]
Textiles were first sold in 1926, and food from 1931.[17] Marks and Spencer, known colloquially as "Marks and Sparks",[22] or "M&S", made its reputation until the 1990s with a policy of selling 99% British-made goods.[23] It entered into long-term relationships with British manufacturers, and sold clothes under the "St Michael" brand, after Michael Marks, which was introduced in 1928, and extended to food in 1941, replacing all other brands by 1956.[17] It also accepted the return of unwanted items, giving a full cash refund if the receipt was shown, no matter how long ago the product was purchased, which was unusual for the time.[24]
During theSecond World War in 1941, M&S staff raised £5,000 to pay for aSupermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft calledThe Marksman.[24] By 1950, virtually all goods were sold under the "St Michael" label. M&S lingerie, women's clothes and girls' school uniform were branded under the "St Margaret" label until the whole range of general merchandise became "St Michael". Simon Marks died in 1964, after fifty-six years' service.Israel Sieff, the son-in-law of Michael Marks, took over as chairman and in 1968John Salisse became a company director. A cautious international expansion began with the introduction of Asian food in 1974. M&S opened stores in continental Europe in 1975 and in Ireland four years later.[24]
The company put its main emphasis on quality, including a 1957 stocking size measuring system.[24] In 1948, it established a Food Technology department. Staff in the canteens and cafeterias had hygiene training by the mid-1950s.[25] For most of its history, it also had a reputation for offering fair value for money. When this reputation began to waver, it encountered serious difficulties. Arguably, M&S has historically been an iconic retailer of 'British Quality Goods'.[24]
The uncompromising attitude towards customer relations was summarised by the 1953 slogan: "The customeris always and completely right!"[24]
Energy efficiency was improved by the addition of thermostatically controlled refrigerators in 1963.[24]
M&S began sellingChristmas cakes andChristmas puddings in 1958. In an effort to improve the quality of theirSwiss rolls, they hired the food expert Nat Goldberg, who made a major improvement across their entire cake range, which had lost the public's favour a few years earlier. As a later measure to improve food quality, food labelling was improved and "sell by dates" were phased in between 1970 and 1972.[24]
Smoking was banned as a fire hazard from all M&S shops in 1959.[24]
ThePopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine bombed theOxford Street store of Marks & Spencer in London on 18 July 1969.[26][27][28]
In 1972,Marcus Sieff became chairman, remaining in place until 1984, and emphasising the importance of good staff relations to the tradition of the store while extending staff benefits to areas such as restaurants andchiropody.[29]
Marks & Spencer expanded into Canada in 1973, and at one point had 47 stores. Despite efforts to improve its image, the chain was never able to move beyond its reputation there as a stodgy retailer, one that catered primarily to senior citizens and expatriate Britons. The shops in Canada were smaller than British outlets, and did not carry the same selection. In the late 1990s, further efforts were made to modernise them and also expand the customer base. Unprofitable locations were closed. Nevertheless, the Canadian operations continued to lose money, and the last 38 shops in Canada were closed in 1999.[30]
Expansion into France began with shops opening inParis atBoulevard Haussmann andLyon in 1975, followed by a second Paris shop at Rosny 2 in 1977. Further expansion into other French and Belgian cities followed into the 1980s. Although the Paris shops remained popular and profitable, the Western European operation as a whole did not fare as well and 18 shops were sold in 2001.[31] In April 2011, M&S changed direction again, with a plan to reopen a store that would sell food as well as clothing. In addition, the group opened several food outlets throughout Paris. The first branch opened on 24 November 2011, on theChamps-Élysées in a ceremony attended by the company's CEOMarc Bolland, the modelRosie Huntington-Whiteley, and the British Ambassador to France, SirPeter Westmacott.[32]
In 1988, Marks & Spencer acquiredBrooks Brothers, an American clothing company[33] andKings Food Markets, a US food chain.[34] In early 1980, Marks & Spencer became the first British supermarket chain to sell packaged sandwiches, beginning with five shops. Demand was so high that M&S enlisted suppliers to industrialise the process, and other supermarkets followed. By 1990, the British sandwich industry was worth £1 billion.[35]
.png)
M&S's profits peaked in the financial year 1997–1998.[36] At the time it was seen as a continuing success story, but with hindsight it is considered that during SirRichard Greenbury's tenure as head of the company, profit margins were pushed to untenable levels, and the loyalty of its customers was seriously eroded. Another factor was the company's refusal until 2001 to accept any credit cards except its own chargecard.[37] These factors combined to send M&S into a sudden slump: its profits fell from more than a billion pounds in 1997 and 1998, to £145 million in the year ended 31 March 2001.[38]
In 2002, with changes in its business focus such as accepting credit cards, the introduction of the "Per Una" clothing range designed byGeorge Davies, and a redesign of its underlying business model, profits recovered somewhat.[39] In 2004, M&S was in the throes of an attempted takeover byArcadia Group andBHS boss,Philip Green.[40] On 12 July a recovery plan was announced which would involve selling off its financial services businessM&S Money toHSBC Bank, buying control of thePer Una range, closing theGateshead Lifestore and stopping the expansion of its Simply Food line of shops.Philip Green withdrew his takeover bid after failing to get sufficient backing from shareholders.[40][41]
In February 2007, M&S announced the opening of the world's largest M&S shop outside the UK atDubai Festival City.[42] On 2 October 2008, M&S opened its first mainland China shop which is inShanghai. Problems with the supply chain for the first few months of opening led Stuart Rose, M&S chairman, to describe failures in "basic shopkeeping".[43]
_003.jpg)
Twenty-two unprofitable and minor food stores, including branches inRipon andBalham, were closed in early 2009 as part of a cost-cutting measure.[24] In August 2010, it was confirmed that theGrantham branch of M&S would close, along with two otherLincolnshire branches inSkegness andScunthorpe, owing to low sales in these older format stores. These decisions met with protests from the local communities and petitions were signed in support of retaining the stores, although the closures went ahead.[44]
The Retail Knowledge Bank conducted an audit of the company's brands in August 2010, and revealed that sales of womenswear were at a 10-year low.Drapers magazine claimed that Per Una was the only clothing brand not at risk of being axed whileMarc Bolland, the chief executive, considered which brands would be retained.[45]
In October 2010, chairman Sir Stuart Rose was a signatory to a letter toThe Daily Telegraph[46] which stated that "The private sector should be more than capable of generating additional jobs to replace those lost in the public sector, and the redeployment of people to more productive activities will improve economic performance, so generating more employment opportunities", despite recent job cuts of 1,000 staff.[47]
On 9 November 2010, Bolland revealed plans to strengthen the company's overall brand image and targeting sales of between £800 million and £1 billion for which company will increase capital expenditure to £850 million to £900 million over the next three years to fund the plans.[48] The plan also involved the discontinuation of its 'Portfolio' fashion brand and the sale of electrical products. The company announced a new marketing strapline, 'Only at M&S', and that it would revamp its website.[49] Bolland ordered a new store design in May 2011, and it was announced that the company would spend around £600 million between 2011 and 2014 on its UK stores.[50]
In May 2013, some Marks & Spencer customers claimed that the chain'scontactless payment terminals have taken money from cards other than the ones intended for payment. Contactless cards are supposed to be within about 4 cm of the front of the terminal to work. M&S investigated the incident and confirmed the new system had been extensively tested and was robust. It had rolled out the contactless payments system, provided by Visa Europe, to 644 UK stores.[51]
In May 2013, theBest of British range was launched along with an overhaul ofPer Una andIndigo.[52] Patrick Bousquet-Chavanne became the marketing director, succeeding Steven Sharp in July. Bolland vowed to bring "quality and style back".[53][54] In November 2013, it was revealed that Bill Adderley, founder of homeware chainDunelm Group, had built a £250 million stake in M&S over the past 18 months. This disclosure was made under stock market rules which require any holding larger than a 3 per cent share to be made public.[55]
In December 2013, Marks & Spencer announced that Muslim checkout staff in the UK could refuse to sell pork products or alcohol to customers at their till.[56] The policy was announced after at least one news outlet reported that customers waiting with goods that included pork or alcohol were refused service, and were told by a Muslim checkout worker to wait until another till became available.[57] The policy applied across all 703 UK M&S stores and prompted a strong backlash by customers.[58] A company spokesman subsequently apologised and stated that they will attempt to reassign staff whose beliefs may impact their work to different departments, such as clothing.[59]
On 7 January 2016, it was announced that Marc Bolland, who has been CEO since 2010, would step down on 2 April 2016, and be replaced bySteve Rowe, head of clothing, and previously head of the food business.[60] In 2018,Stuart Machin was appointed managing director of Food to lead the transformation of the food business.[61] On 28 June 2024, the company announced that it would be launching a new service for clothing repairs and alterations in partnership with the Sojo company.[62]
In September 2018, television presenter and modelHolly Willoughby became the company's new brand ambassador along with her 'Must Have' collection which launched on 27 September 2018. However, the company failed to order sufficient stock and many customers were left disappointed.[63]
Marks & Spencer introduced a hijab in its section of school uniforms in late 2018 and subsequently faced a backlash and boycott from some customers; the product is stocked for girls as young as three.[64]
Some 30 stores were identified for closure in 2015–2016.[65][66][67] Several smaller stores were identified for closure in November 2017.[68][69] On 31 January 2018, another fourteen stores were identified for closure in April 2018,[70] and eight other stores were earmarked for closure later, pending consultation.[70][71] On 23 May 2018, M&S managers confirmed that 14 more shops were to be closed and another 86 were under investigation, and thus put on notice, because of falling corporate sales and customer footfall. This would take the total to over 100 closing by 2022,[72][73][74][75][76] On 15 January 2019, the company named the next 17 stores to be closed.[77] In May 2021, the company announced plans to close another 30 shops over the next 10 years as part of its turnaround plan,[10] and in September 2021 it was confirmed that half of the French stores had been closed due to supply chain issues arising fromBrexit.[78][79]
In March 2021, M&S announced it intended to redevelop its largest store, the Marble Arch branch onOxford Street in London, replacing it with a 10-storey building with two-and-a-half floors of shop space below several floors of offices.[80] Despite protests from groups includingSave Britain's Heritage,The Twentieth Century Society andCreate Streets, the plans were approved byWestminster City Council in November 2021,[81] andMayor of LondonSadiq Khan chose not to intervene.[82] However, in April 2022, Communities SecretaryMichael Gove blocked the plans to allow time for theDepartment for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities to review the proposed redevelopment.[83] In June 2022, Gove ordered a public enquiry into the plans; M&S said it was "bewildered" by his "baseless" decision.[84] A two-week planning enquiry, starting in October 2022, looked at whether the project complied with planning rules concerning heritage and the historic environment and also address environmental concerns, notably the release of almost 40,000 tonnes ofembodied carbon into the atmosphere caused by the construction of the replacement structure.[85]
In July 2023, Gove rejected the plans to demolish and redevelop the Oxford Street store, stating it conflicted with policies on heritage and design, and involved significant embodied carbon impact and waste.[86] As well as overruling Westminster City Council and the Mayor of London, Gove also overruled his planning inspector, David Nicholson, who had recommended the project should go ahead due to its importance to the viability of the Oxford Street area.[87] M&S CEO Stuart Machin called the decision "utterly pathetic" and a "shortsighted act of self-sabotage".[86] M&S subsequently launched a legal challenge against Gove's decision.[88] In November 2023, the High Court allowed M&S to proceed with ajudicial review,[89] and after a two-day hearing on 13–14 February 2024, Gove's decision to block demolition was quashed by a High Court judge on 1 March 2024.[90][91] In December 2024, Gove's successorAngela Rayner approved the store's demolition, citing the advantages of a concentrated development in a highly accessible location, the employment and regeneration benefits, and "potential harm to the vitality and viability" of London's West End if permission had been refused.[92]
In its results for the 52 weeks ending on 30 March 2024, the company stated that it was aiming at having 180 full-line and 420 food stores in the UK, commenting that legacy stores were more expensive to operate.[11] In 2025, Marks and Spencer opened a new store in Bristol's Cabot Circus shopping centre, nearly four years after a store in Bristol closed. This was one of 16 new stores opening across the UK in that financial year, as part of a £300 million investment.[93]
In May 2021, Machin's remit had expanded as he was appointed joint Chief Operating Officer taking oversight responsibility for Store and Central Operations, Property, Store Development, Technology, People and the Island of Ireland whilst remaining the Food Managing Director.[94] In March 2022, it was announced that chief executive (CEO) Steve Rowe would step down after six years in role. Rowe stayed on as an advisor before officially leaving the company in July 2022. Machin was announced as his successor as CEO, withKatie Bickerstaffe assisting as co-CEO.[95]
In July 2022, secret cameras at an intensive dairy farm in North Yorkshire that supplied milk and cheese to M&S,Ocado,Asda andMorrisons captured lame animals "unable to get up to reach water" as some workers killed goats "of no value" at the intensive farm. Animals were seen with overgrown hooves and piles of dead goats were observed outside the property. A spokesperson for theBritish Retail Consortium said: "Our members take their responsibilities to animal welfare very seriously and will investigate these claims. Swift action will be taken against any breaches to the high animal welfare standards our members uphold."[96] Marks & Spencer is a member of theRSPCA Assured food labelling scheme that states "any animals involved in a product's production have been reared to the RSPCA's strict farm animal welfare standards".[97] The scheme has been subject to controversy due to animal abuse being captured by hidden cameras at some farms, with the RSPCA president calling it "utterly indefensible".[98]
In April 2024,The Guardian obtained footage of pigs from RSPCA Assured farms at a slaughterhouse being hit in the face by workers with a paddle before entering a gas chamber to die. TheRSPCA reviewed the footage and said the hitting of any animals was completely unacceptable and they would launch an immediate investigation.[99] In May 2024, animal welfare activists released footage that was filmed at several intensive RSPCA Assured farms that supplied meat to Marks & Spencer,Tesco andAsda. The footage showed sick, dying and dead hens alongside living ones. M&S suspended one of the farms.[100] In September 2024, undercover footage was released from an RSPCA Assured farm which supplied milk to M&S. Workers were observed mistreating cows, striking them with poles and kicking them. In one incident, a worker was seen jabbing a cow with a screwdriver.[101] M&S immediately suspended the farm from their supply chain when the footage was released. The RSPCA also suspended the farm. An M&S spokesperson said: "We take animal welfare extremely seriously and set rigorous standards for our suppliers."[101]
Marks & Spencer, along withWaitrose and other supermarkets, has phased out the practice ofeyestalk ablation in its shrimp supply chain.[102] It has also committed to source onlyfree-range eggs by the end of 2025. In 2024, it joined a letter byCompassion in World Farming and other major UK food companies calling on the government to ban the use ofbattery cages andcolony cages for egg-laying hens.[103]
In July 2022, the company agreed to buy the logistics firm Gist Limited for £145 million.[104] In November 2022, it was reported that the company had acquired the intellectual property developed by collapsed fashion marketplace Thread, and hired some former Thread staff including co-founderKieran O'Neill, with the aim of adding personalised recommendations to the M&S website.[105]
In June 2018, M&S announced a strategic partnership withMicrosoft to explore the integration ofartificial intelligence (AI) technologies into its customer experience, stores, and wider operations.[106]
In April 2025, M&S experienced difficulties with contactless payments and click-and-collect orders over the Easter weekend. On 23 April, Stuart Machin issued a statement confirming the business was dealing with a cyber incident. On 25 April, M&S stopped taking orders at its website.[107] The attack was believed to be a ransomware attack, orchestrated by'Scattered Spider' – a splinter group ofLapsus$ – a notorious hacking group responsible for high profile breaches at Transport for London (TfL) andMGM resorts.[108] It appears that the attacker employed a SIM swapping technique to gain unauthorised access to the network and compromise M&S’s critical systems.[109] The company said the breach occurred at a third-party service provider.[110]
In May 2025, it was reported that M&S was preparing to make a claim under acyber insurance policy to cover a wide range of losses, including but not restricted to Data Protection breaches and loss of online sales, which could total as much as £300 million.Allianz was reported to be the lead insurer, with other insurers includingBeazley plc also being exposed.[111] It was reported that the loss of profits would only be partly covered by any insurance pay-out.[112] The incident has reduced the company's market value by more than £1 billion as of 21 May 2025.[110] On 10 June 2025, the company restored online ordering on its website.[113] On 11 August 2025, M&S resumed its 'click and collect' service following the outage caused by the incident.[114]
In October 2025, M&S announced that they had terminated their contract with its IT providerTata Consultancy Services.[115]
Marks & Spencer has been repeatedly targeted and boycotted byanti-Israel protestors during theArab League boycott of Israel.[116][117] In August 2014, it was reported that the Marble Arch branch was picketed weekly by protesters objecting to the sale of Israeli goods.[118]
The headquarters of M&S had been since 1957 at Michael House, 55Baker Street, London. This had formerly been the Baker Street Bazaar which had been destroyed in a fire in 1940. The site was redeveloped by M&S, under the direction of the then Sir Simon Marks, as the company had outgrown its previous Bayswater HQ.[119] In 2004, the company moved to a new headquarters designed byMossessian & Partners at Waterside House, inPaddington Basin, London.[120]
As well as the main offices in London, there are a number of other head office sites across the UK; Stockley Park (IT Services),Salford Quays (Marks & Spencer Shared Services Ltd. which provides human resources, and finance administration)[121][122] andChester (M&S Bank joint venture and Retail Customer Services).[123]
The company has overseas sourcing offices in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Turkey, mainland China, Ireland, Italy, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka.[124]
Financial performance has been as follows:[1]
Until 1999 M&S's financial year ended on 31 March. Since then, the company has changed to reporting for 52- or 53-week periods, ending on variable dates.
| Year ended | Turnover (£ M) | Profit before tax (£ M) | Net profit (£ M) | Basiceps (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 March 2025 | 13,816.8 | 511.8 | 291.9 | 14.6 |
| 30 March 2024 | 13,040.1 | 672.5 | 425.2 | 21.9 |
| 1 April 2023 | 11,931.3 | 475.7 | 364.5 | 18.5 |
| 2 April 2022 | 10,885.1 | 391.7 | 309.0 | 15.7 |
| 3 April 2021 | 9,155.7 | (209.4) | (201.2) | (10.1) |
| 28 March 2020 | 10,181.9 | 403.1 | 27.4 | 1.3 |
| 30 March 2019 | 10,377.3 | 523.2 | 37.3 | 2.1 |
| 31 March 2018 | 10,698.2 | 580.9 | 29.1 | 1.6 |
| 1 April 2017 | 10,622.0 | 613.8 | 115.7 | 7.2 |
| 2 April 2016 | 10,555.4 | 488.8 | 404.4 | 24.9 |
| 28 March 2015 | 10,311.4 | 600.0 | 481.7 | 29.7 |
| 29 March 2014 | 10,309.7 | 580.4 | 506.0 | 32.5 |
| 30 March 2013 | 10,026.8 | 564.3 | 458.0 | 29.2 |
| 31 March 2012 | 9,934.3 | 658.0 | 489.6 | 32.5 |
| 2 April 2011 | 9,740.3 | 780.6 | 598.6 | 38.8 |
| 3 April 2010 | 9,536.6 | 702.7 | 523.0 | 33.5 |
| 28 March 2009 | 9,062.1 | 706.2 | 506.8 | 32.3 |
| 29 March 2008 | 9,022.0 | 1,129.1 | 821.0 | 49.2 |
| 31 March 2007 | 8,588.1 | 936.7 | 659.9 | 39.1 |
| 1 April 2006 | 7,797.7 | 745.7 | 520.6 | 36.4 |
| 2 April 2005 | 7,490.5 | 505.1 | 355.0 | 29.1 |
| 3 April 2004 | 8,301.5 | 781.6 | 452.3 | 24.2 |
| 29 March 2003 | 8,019.1 | 677.5 | 480.5 | 20.7 |
| 30 March 2002 | 8,135.4 | 335.9 | 153.0 | 5.4 |
| 31 March 2001 | 8,075.7 | 145.5 | 2.8 | 0.0 |
| 1 April 2000 | 8,195.5 | 417.5 | 258.7 | 9.0 |
| 31 March 1999 | 8,224.0 | 546.1 | 372.1 | 13.0 |
| 31 March 1998 | 8,243.3 | 1,155.0 | 815.9 | 28.6 |
| 31 March 1997 | 7,841.9 | 1,129.1 | 746.6 | 26.7 |
| 31 March 1996 | 7,233.7 | 965.8 | 652.6 | 455.8 |
The following have served as the chairman of the company since it was founded:
The following have served as chief executives of the company since it was founded:
The M&S company archive is held in the Michael Marks Building at theUniversity of Leeds. The archive has permanent museum-style displays and hosts temporary exhibitions.[127]
The largest shop is nearMarble Arch, onOxford Street in London, which has around 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft) ofshop floor (as noted above, a proposed redevelopment of this store was blocked in April 2022, and then successfully appealed in February 2024).[91][90] The second largest is in Cheshire Oaks,Ellesmere Port, which is the largest store outside of London.[128] The third largest shop is at the Gemini Retail Park inWarrington. In 1999 M&S opened its shop inManchester'sExchange Square, which was destroyed in the1996 Manchester bombing and rebuilt. At re-opening, it was the largest M&S shop with 23,000 m2 (250,000 sq ft) of retail space, but half was subsequently sold toSelfridges, the company's second site in Manchester. The smallest branch is a 'Marks & Spencer Penny Bazaar' clearance outlet located in theGrainger Market in Newcastle upon Tyne.[129]
M&S has opened a number of stores at out-of-town sites since a trend to build shopping centres away from town centres began in the 1980s. The first was at theMetroCentre,Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, which opened in 1986. Another notable example is the store at theMerry Hill Shopping Centre atBrierley Hill, West Midlands. This store opened in October 1990 shortly after the closure of stores in the nearby town centres ofDudley andWest Bromwich; the Merry Hill store was not originally intended to replace these two town centre stores, but both the Dudley and West Bromwich stores had experienced a downturn in trade as the opening of the Merry Hill store loomed, and both stores were closed in August 1990.[130]
Before Christmas 2006, twenty-two M&S shops were open for 24-hour trading.[131][132]
Marks and Spencer opened its first shop on the island ofIreland in 1979.[24] It operates its Irish business on an all-island basis, with Eddie Murphy as country director and Laura Harper as trading director for the island of Ireland.[133][134] Its main competitor in the grocery, drapery and homewares markets in Ireland isDunnes Stores.[135]
By June 2022, Marks and Spencer had 38 shops across the island of Ireland.[136][137][138]
Following the United Kingdom's departure from theEuropean Union and the consequent additional burden of importing goods fromGreat Britain into Ireland, the Irish division began sourcing some products (particularly short shelf-life products) within the island of Ireland.[139][140][141] In June 2022, it was announced that the business was to begin sourcing its sandwiches for sale in Ireland from Around Noon, based inCounty Down,[142][137][138] and in May 2025, it was announced that the business was to begin sourcing its parsnips for sale in Ireland from Gilfresh Produce, based inCounty Armagh.[143][144][145] It also began importing some products directly from suppliers in continental Europe rather than bringing them via Great Britain as it had done previously.[146]
In 2023, Marks and Spencer entered into a partnership with theApplegreen petrol station chain to stock Marks and Spencer products in a number of Applegreen's 200 forecourt shops across the island of Ireland.[147] It began rolling out the concept in 2024.[148] By October 2025, the business had a presence in 30 Applegreen shops across the island of Ireland, with a plan to increase that number to 41 by the end of 2025 and to 60 in the medium term.[149][150][151]
The company reopened its store in Paris on 24 November 2011, following the launch of a new French website on 11 October 2011.[152] A new store opened on 17 April 2013 inKalverstraat inAmsterdam, Netherlands, more than 10 years after closure of the previous store. On 17 September 2013 the British ambassador to the Netherlands, Sir Geoffrey Adams, opened the first Dutch Marks & Spencer Food pilot store at aBP petrol station in Bijleveld beside theA12 motorway.[153][154] There are over 300 stores in some 40 overseas locations.[155]
In the Netherlands, as of 2015, M&S had a supermarket in the expensiveKalverstraat shopping street in Amsterdam, as well as a larger store including clothing inThe Hague. A number of BP petrol stations in the Western area of the Netherlands included M&Sconvenience food stores.[156] In 2016, M&S was due to open a much larger store in Amsterdam, with a direct underground link to a new metro station.[157] However, in November 2016 the company announced that they were closing all of their stores on the European mainland, something that did not actually happen. Nevertheless, they closed both of their stores in the Netherlands.[158]
Marks & Spencer owns 51 stores inTurkey as of 2022. Fiba Retail is the sole agent authorised to open Marks & Spencer stores in Turkey and Ukraine region.[159]
In September 2021, M&S confirmed the closure of 11 stores in France and ended its partnership with SFH, saying it was "near impossible for us to serve fresh and chilled products to customers" following the UK'sexit from the European Union. The company would still operate nine smaller stores in or near major travel hubs.[78][79]
In the Philippines, theRustans Group of Companies serves as the official franchise partner.[160]
On 11 November 2013, Marks & Spencer announced "that it is set to have about 80 stores open in the [Indian] region by 2016 as part of its strategy to become a leading international, multichannel retailer" with partner Reliance Retail.[161] It opened a flagship store in Bandra in Mumbai.[161] M&S sales of lingerie accounts for more than a fifth of the sales in the Indian market, with total lingerie sales increasing by a third during the last six months of 2013.[161] In May 2014 Marks & Spencer announced that their intention was now to open 100 stores in the country by 2016.[162]
Stores in the territories ofHong Kong andMacau were sold in early 2018 toAl-Futtaim Group, a Dubai-based long-term franchise partner.[163][164]
M&S core shops typically feature a selection of the company's clothing, homeware and beauty ranges and an M&S Food-branded food hall. The range of clothing sold and the space given to it depends on the location and customer demographic (an example would be that some London shops do not stock the Classic Collection, but stock Limited Edition and a full Autograph range). Select locations feature an M&S Café. The current store format was designed by Urban Salon Architects in 2009.[165]
All theSt Michael Food hall supermarkets were renamedM&S Foodhall when Marks & Spencer dropped theSt Michael brand in 2000. They sell groceries, which historically were all under the Marks & Spencer brand. However, in 2006 the company began selling a limited range of other brands, such asCoca-Cola andStella Artois, without reducing the number of M&S lines they sold. This marked the first time in its 125-year history that Marks & Spencer had sold any brands other than its own.[166] M&S introducedself-checkout tills in the food halls of a small number of trial stores in 2002. Self-service checkouts were implemented in the general merchandise sections in three trial stores in 2006.[167] The M&S £10meal deal was introduced in the late 2000s and included chimichurri beef steak, aromatic half duck, or fillet of fish. In 2018 the price was increased to give the customer a choice ofprosecco, red wine, or white wine.[168]
M&S launched a convenience format in 2001, brandedSimply Food, with the first shops opening inTwickenham andSurbiton. These predominantly sell food, although some larger stores also stock a small selection of general merchandise.[169] A number of these are run underfranchise agreements:
Orders from M&S accounted for more than half ofUniq's food product supplies to UK retailers in 2010, after several years' service as a major M&S food product supplier.[173]
TheSimply Food brand was phased out in stand-alone larger stores after the rebrand in 2015, with the larger stores rebranded asM&S Foodhall.[174]
In March 2019, M&S announced that they would open more supermarket-sized food halls, with a floor area of between 10,000 and 15,000 square feet (930 and 1,390 m2), that would stock their full food range, in order to attract more families looking to do a weekly shop. M&S also lowered the price of over 1,000 of their popular lines to compete with their larger supermarket rivals such asTesco andSainsbury's.[175]
In 2019, M&S launched five new "food renewal" stores. This was part of the transformation of the food business, led by Managing Director Stuart Machin, to have bigger food stores with "the mind of a supermarket and the soul of a fresh market".[176]
In 2019, M&S unified its food halls, supermarkets, convenience stores and offerings under theM&S Food brand. Stores were revamped to have a consistent market-like appearance.[177]
In 2007, M&S announced that dedicated shops for home furnishings were to be launched. These have been opened inCheltenham in Gloucestershire (closed in 2024),[178]Royal Tunbridge Wells in Kent,Lisburn Sprucefield in Northern Ireland,[179] and in the Barton Square section ofThe Trafford Centre, Manchester.[180]
Theoutlet division offers M&S products, with the majority discounted at least 30% from the original selling price.[181] The first of these stores opened atAshford in Kent in 2000, and by 2020 there were 25.[182] Many of the outlet shops are in retail parks and outlet centres, although others are high street shops such as the one inWoolwich, South London.[183]
Online food deliveries began with trials in 2017.[184] In 2019, M&S paid up to £750 million (dependent on future performance) for 50% of online retailerOcado Retail Ltd, displacingWaitrose as Ocado's retail partner.[185] Since 2020,[186] customers are directed to Ocado's website where they can order food and selected clothing items.[187] In February 2024, it was reported that M&S did not intend to pay the final £191 million instalment to Ocado, after performance targets were not met in 2023.[188]
The online flower service was accused of unfair trading and usingGoogle to piggy-back advertise on online searches aimed atInterflora online in 2010.[189]
In addition to the main retail business, M&S partners with other companies to provide additional M&S-branded services:
The "St Michael" brand was introduced by Simon Marks in 1928 in honour of his father and co-founder of Marks & Spencer,Michael Marks. By 1950, virtually all goods were sold under the St Michael brand. M&S lingerie, women's clothing and girls' uniform had been branded asSt Margaret until 1950, when the whole range of general merchandise became St Michael.[24] The St Michael brand was retired in 2000 but returned to a limited extent as an emblem in 2021.[193]
The synthetic fibre Tricell was first used in 1957 and lasted until the 1970s.[24] Another synthetic fibre calledCourtelle was first launched, nationally, by Marks & Spencer during 1960 and lasted well into the 1970s.[24] Machine-washable wool first appeared in 1972, andLycra hosiery first came in during 1986.[24]
"Per Una" was launched on 28 September 2001 as a joint venture between M&S andNext founderGeorge Davies with the contribution of Julie Strang. ThePer Una brand has been a major success for the company,[194] and in October 2004, M&S bought the brand in a £125 million, two-year service contract with Davies.[195] He was to stay on for at least two years to run the company, with 12-months' notice required if he wished to leave.[194][195]
In 2004, Sir Stuart Rose axed a number of brands including the menswear brand "SP Clothing", the "View From" sportswear range, theDavid Beckham children's range "DB07" and several food lines, as he thought the company's stock inventory management had become 'too complicated'.[196] A version of Per Una aimed at teenagers, "Per Una Due", was also discontinued, owing to poor sales, despite having launched earlier in the year.[197]
The company began to sell branded goods such asKellogg'scorn flakes in November 2008.[5] Following a review by Marc Bolland in 2011, M&S confirmed it would begin to reduce the number of branded items on sale, instead offering only those that it did not have an M&S alternative for.[198]
In January 2021, Marks & Spencer purchased theJaeger fashion brand from its administrators. The £5 million deal was part of the firm's strategy to boost its clothing division with new names. However, it did not include Jaeger's 63 shops and 13 concessions.[199]
During the height of the company's troubles at the beginning of the 21st century, theSt Michael brand used as the selling label for all M&S products was discontinued in favour ofMarks & Spencer and a new logo in theOptima typeface was introduced and began to appear in place ofSt Michael on product packaging. The same logo was also applied to store fascias and carrier bags. TheSt Michael name was subsequently adopted as a 'quality guarantee' and appeared as theSt Michael Quality Promise on the back of food products, on the side of delivery vehicles and on in-store ordering receipts.[200]
When Steve Sharp joined as marketing director in 2004, after being hired by Stuart Rose, he introduced a new promotional brand under theYour M&S banner, with a corresponding logo.[201]
M&S has run newspaper and/or magazine advertisements since the early 1950s, but the introduction of some famous stars includingTwiggy[202][203] andDavid Jason in television advertisements helped raise the company's profile. Twiggy first appeared in 1967, returning later in 1995 and 2005. Anne Grierson[24] featured in advertisements during the late 1950s and most of the 1960s. In later years,Erin O'Connor,[202]Myleene Klass,[202]David Beckham,[24]Antonio Banderas,[24]Claudia Schiffer,[24]Helena Christensen,[24]Tatjana Patitz,[24]Lisa Snowdon,Dannii Minogue,V V Brown, andCarmen Kass have featured in advertisements.[24]John Sergeant, David Jason andJoanna Lumley have either appeared in or voiced over advertisements since 2008.[24]
Advertisements from the 2000s had the tag-line "This is not just food, this is M&S food" and featured slow motion, close-up footage of various food products, described in a sultryvoice-over byDervla Kirwan, to an enticing instrumental song — including Fleetwood Mac's "Albatross" as well asSantana's "Samba Pa Ti",Olly Murs' "Busy",Groove Armada's "At the River" orSpandau Ballet's "True". These advertisements were referred to by some sections of the media asfood porn, with a number of other companies copying the idea, such asAldi and, subsequently,Waitrose.[204]
The 2009 TV advertising campaign drew complaints, leading to national press coverage, regarding sexism.[205]
In 2010, it was confirmed thatDannii Minogue would be one of the new faces of Marks & Spencer. She filmed her first commercial in South Africa, which featuredCheryl Lynn's "Got to Be Real", for their Spring campaign that aired on 24 March.[206] In August 2011, M&S announced the new faces of their campaigns would beRosie Huntington-Whiteley,Ryan Reynolds, andDavid Gandy.[207]
Marks & Spencer released a series of planned television adverts in July 2011, featuring Twiggy, Minogue andV V Brown, as it started its corporate image revamp. It confirmed that Twiggy,Lisa Snowdon, andJamie Redknapp would return for future advertising.[208]
On 31 March 2014, M&S launched the new iteration of its 'Leading Ladies' marketing campaign featuringEmma Thompson,Annie Lennox,Rita Ora andDoreen Lawrence.[209]
In June 2024,Alex Scott became the sportswear ambassador at M&S.[210]
... performance is constrained by legacy stores that are more expensive to operate ... Rotation towards a target estate of 180 full line and 420 Food stores...
| 'Big four' | |
|---|---|
| Convenience | |
| Discount | |
| Frozen specialists | |
| Online | |
| Premium | |
| Regional | |
| Main | |
|---|---|
| Convenience | |
| Regional | |
| Defunct | |
| Currentsupermarkets |
| |
|---|---|---|
| Formersupermarkets (withdrawal) |
| |
