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Mark Messier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canadian ice hockey player (born 1961)

Ice hockey player
Mark Messier
OC
Hockey Hall of Fame, 2007
Messier in 2016
Born (1961-01-18)January 18, 1961 (age 64)
Height6 ft 2 in (188 cm)
Weight210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb)
PositionForward
Played forIndianapolis Racers
Cincinnati Stingers
Edmonton Oilers
New York Rangers
Vancouver Canucks
National team Canada
NHL draft48th overall,1979
Edmonton Oilers
Playing career1978–2004

Mark John Douglas MessierOC (/ˈmɛsi/; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian former professionalice hockeyforward. His playing career in theNational Hockey League (NHL) lasted 25 seasons (19792004) with theEdmonton Oilers,New York Rangers, andVancouver Canucks. He also played professionally with theWorld Hockey Association (WHA)'sIndianapolis Racers andCincinnati Stingers. He also played a short four-game stint in the originalCentral Hockey League (CHL) with theHouston Apollos in 1979.[1] He was the last WHA player to be active in professional ice hockey, and the last active player in any of the major North American professional sports leagues to have played in the 1970s. After his playing career, he was special assistant to the president and general manager of the Rangers.

Messier is considered one of the greatest ice hockey players of all time.[2] He is second on the all-time list for playoff points (295) and third for regular season games played (1756) and regular season points (1887). He is a six-timeStanley Cup champion—five with the Oilers and one with the Rangers—and is the only player tocaptain two teams to Stanley Cup championships.[3] His playoff leadership while in New York, which ended a 54-year Stanley Cup drought in1994, earned him the nickname "The Messiah", a play on his name. He was also known, throughout his career, as "The Moose" for his aggression and strength.[4][5] He twice won theHart Memorial Trophy as the league's most valuable player, in1990 and1992, and in1984 won theConn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs. He was selected for theNHL All-Star Game 16 times. In 2007, he was inducted into theHockey Hall of Fame, in his first year of eligibility. In 2017, Messier was named one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.[6]

On June 30, 2017, he was named anOfficer of the Order of Canada byGovernor GeneralDavid Johnston for "contributions to hockey as an outstanding player and captain, and for his leadership in encouraging children to take up the sport."[7]

Early life

[edit]

Messier was born in St. Albert, Alberta, the son of Mary-Jean (Dea) andDoug Messier. He was the second son and third child of four; his siblings arePaul, Mary-Kay, and Jennifer.[8] The Messier family moved toPortland, Oregon when Mark was young, where Doug played for thePortland Buckaroos of theminor proWestern Hockey League.[9] The family returned to St. Albert in 1969 after Doug retired from hockey.[10] Messier attendedSt. Francis Xavier High School in Edmonton as he played junior hockey where Doug was his coach and mentor for his early years.

Messier's brotherPaul was drafted by theColorado Rockies 41st overall in the1978 NHL Amateur Draft, but he only played nine games with the club in 1978–79 before embarking on a long career in the GermanEishockey-Bundesliga.[11] Paul helps manage a hotel that Messier owns inHarbour Island, Bahamas.[12] Messier's cousinsMitch andJoby also skated for NHL clubs. Joby was briefly Mark's teammate on the Rangers.

Playing career

[edit]

Early years and WHA

[edit]

In 1976, Messier tried out for thejuniorSpruce Grove Mets of theAlberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL), where his father, Doug Messier, was coaching. As Messier was only 15 (the age limit was 20), Doug did not expect him to make the team, though he was surprised and was added to the roster.[13] Messier recorded 66 points in 57 games with the Mets in the 1976–77 season. The team, which relocated to St. Albert the following season and was renamed theSt. Albert Saints, named Messier captain for 1977–78, and he scored 74 points in 54 games.[14] After the season he joined thePortland Winterhawks of themajor juniorWestern Hockey League (WHL) for the playoffs, appearing in 7 games and scoring 5 points.[15]

Before the start of the 1978–79 season, Messier was looking for alternatives to another season with the Saints, as he felt he was too good for the AJHL.[16] He was not interested in playing in the WHL, so he initially tried out for theCanadian Olympic team, which was preparing for the1980 Winter Olympics.[17] At the same time, Doug contacted his former junior teammatePat Stapleton, who was coaching of theIndianapolis Racers of theWorld Hockey Association (WHA), who needed someone to replace another young player they had just traded,Wayne Gretzky. Doug called him and got Messier a contract to play hockey in Indianapolis for $30,000.[18] However Messier only took a 5-game amateur tryout, as it would allow him to return to junior hockey if need be.[17]

Messier played 13 games with the Saints to start the season, then joined the Racers on November 5 for his professional debut against theWinnipeg Jets. He played four games with the Racers, followed by a further two more with the Saints, before his final game with Indianapolis on November 28.[19] Offered a longer contract, Messier held off on signing it, which proved fortuitous as the team folded on December 15; his only cheque from thembounced. Returning to the Saints, Messier played his final two games of junior hockey for them before he was signed by theCincinnati Stingers, also of the WHA.[20] Messier signed a contract for $35,000 to play the rest of the season with the Stingers.[21] He scored his first professional goal on March 20, 1979, againstPat Riggin of theBirmingham Bulls.[22] Messier played 47 games for the Stingers, tallying one goal and 10 assists.

Edmonton Oilers (1979–1991)

[edit]

The WHA folded after the conclusion of the 1978–79 season, and four of the six remaining teamswere admitted into the NHL; both the Stingers and the Bulls were not included in the merger and instead joined the minorCentral Hockey League. The players were dispersed to teams that had already owned their NHL rights, or were allowed to enter the1979 NHL Entry Draft; being under 20 years old Messier was eligible for the draft, and was selected in the third round, 48th overall, by theEdmonton Oilers.[23] He refused the Oilers' initial contract offers, a four-yeartwo-way contract or one year at $20,000 plus an option for a second year, instead wanting four-years at $50,000 per year, but ultimately signed what the Oilers offered.[24]

During his first year in the NHL, Messier had several discipline issues, and at the end of October, he missed a team flight and was subsequently reassigned to their CHL affiliate, theHouston Apollos, for four games.[25] On returning to Edmonton, Messier moved back in with his parents, living at their St. Albert home.[26]

Messier was a fierce, tough competitor whose intense leadership in the dressing room was as important as the goals he scored on the ice. He was not initially known as a scorer, but his offensive numbers increased steadily over his first few years with the Oilers. In1981–82, he registered his only 50-goal season. For most of his tenure with the Oilers, he played on a line withGlenn Anderson.

Messier's name engraved on theStanley Cup, as a part of the1983–84 Edmonton Oilers.

Initially a left-winger (he was named to the NHL First All-Star Team in1982–83 on the left wing), Messier switched to centre in the 1984 playoffs, and the results were spectacular. In game 3 of the1984 Finals, for example, with his Oilers trailing the four-time defending championNew York Islanders by a goal, it was Messier's goal on a brilliant end-to-end rush that sparked a comeback by the Oilers. By the end of the series the Oilers had won their first Stanley Cup and Messier had earned theConn Smythe Trophy, awarded to the most valuable player of the playoffs.

In 1984, Messier was suspended for ten games for crackingJamie Macoun's cheekbone with a sucker punch from behind during a game against the Calgary Flames on December 26. Messier was retaliating for having been boarded by Macoun earlier in the game, but the NHL ruled that he had instigated the fight.[27]

On September 6, 1985, Messier lost control of hisPorsche and totaled it by hitting three parked cars. He was later charged withhit and run and careless driving, for which he paid a fine.[28]

He won four more Cups with the Oilers, 1985, 1987, 1988, and1990, for the last of which he captained the Oilers to a five-game victory over theBoston Bruins. Though the Oilers had been a 1980s powerhouse, the 1990 victory, which came two years afterWayne Gretzky was traded away, surprised many. Messier also won theHart Memorial Trophy as league MVP that season, edging out the Bruins'Ray Bourque by just two votes, the narrowest margin in the award's history.[27]

Though Messier was actually under contract to the Oilers until 1993, his agent and father Doug Messier unsuccessfully pressed Oilers president and general managerGlen Sather for a new deal in the summer of 1990.[28][29] After the 1990–91 season, Messier was upset that the Oilers were willing to letAdam Graves leave the team. Messier issued a public trade demand during the Canada Cup tournament saying that he wanted out if the Oilers were not willing to do what was necessary to keep important players.[30] On October 4, 1991, in one of many cost-cutting moves by Edmonton management, Messier was traded to theNew York Rangers forLouie DeBrusk,Bernie Nicholls, andSteven Rice.

New York Rangers (1991–1997)

[edit]

In his first season with the Rangers, Messier won his second Hart Trophy and guided the Rangers to the best record in the NHL. However, they were ousted in six games in the second round of the playoffs by the eventual championsPittsburgh Penguins.

In 1992–93, the Rangers missed the playoffs, and was the first time in Messier's career that he did not play in the postseason. After the season,Mike Keenan was hired as head coach.

In the1993–94 NHL season, the Rangers rebounded to once again finish first overall, and this time were expected to win the Cup. After easily ousting the Islanders and Capitals in the first two rounds, the Rangers' road to the Cup would get a lot harder.

Down 3–2 and 2–0 in game 6 of the 1994 Eastern Conference Finals against therivalNew Jersey Devils, Messier confronted the New York media and publicly guaranteed a game 6 victory. With fans and players on both sides reading the news headline, it then became a feat comparable toBabe Ruth's called shot andJoe Namath'sSuper Bowl III guarantee, and he backed it up by scoring anatural hat trick in the third period on an empty net goal withESPN play-by-play commentatorGary Thorne boasting, "Do you believe it? Do you believe it? He said we will win game six and he has just picked up the hat trick!"[31][32][33] It helped the Rangers erase a 2–0 deficit to win 4–2. The Rangers went on to win the series in a thrilling seventh game double overtime nailbiter.[34][35]

In theStanley Cup Finals, Messier scored the Stanley Cup-winning goal in game 7 at Madison Square Garden, giving the Rangerstheir first Stanley Cup in 54 years. He became the first (and to this date, the only) player to captain two teams to the Stanley Cup, something his former teammate Wayne Gretzky could not dothe year before, and provided two of the most memorable images of that Stanley Cup Finals. First, when the buzzer sounded he was jumping up and down with overwhelming emotion as ticker tape fell; fireworks burst and fans and teammates celebrated. The other, which would become an iconic image to the Rangers and their fans, taken byGeorge Kalinsky, photographer atMadison Square Garden, showing incredible emotion as he accepted the Stanley Cup from NHL CommissionerGary Bettman.[36][37][38] Finally, during theticker-tape parade celebrating the Rangers' win,Rudy Giuliani, witnessing his first New York sports team championship victory just five months after becoming mayor, dubbed Messier "Mr. June," conjuringReggie Jackson's "Mr. October" nickname.[39]

In1995–96, Messier came as close as he had since 1991–92 to break the 100-point plateau when, at the age of 35, he recorded a 99-point season. In1996–97, former Oilers teammateWayne Gretzky joined the Rangers, while Messier retained the captaincy and had a respectable 84-point regular season. The two led the team to the Eastern Conference Finals, where they were eliminated by thePhiladelphia Flyers in five games, as the Rangers could not match the size and strength ofEric Lindros and his "Legion of Doom" linemates. Messier left the club after the season (see below), ending the brief reunion of Messier and Gretzky being together again on the same team after just one season. It would also turn out to be both players' final playoff appearances.

Messier had wanted to finish his career with the Rangers butDave Checketts, the president of Madison Square Garden, said the team did not think Messier was worth US$20 million for the next three years, though Messier maintained that he would have signed a one-year contract extension for under $6 million per season. Although public sentiment sided with Messier, as he led the team to twofirst-place regular season finishes and theStanley Cup, general managerNeil Smith was content having Gretzky andPat LaFontaine as top centremen, and he came close to landingJoe Sakic from theColorado Avalanche[40] when he signed him to an offer sheet in the summer of 1997. (The Avalanche matched the offer and Sakic remained in Colorado for the remainder of his career.)

At 36 years old, Messier signed with theVancouver Canucks to a high-priced free-agent contract. Smith's decision to keep Gretzky and LaFontaine backfired, as LaFontaine would suffer a career-ending concussion during the 1997–98 season and Gretzky would retire after the following season.

Vancouver Canucks (1997–2000)

[edit]

Messier's return to Canada after six years with the Rangers was an emotional and high-profile event, but the bliss was brief. Before the season started, captainTrevor Linden relinquished the captaincy to Messier, a move that did not go over well with Canucks supporters. Amidst a turbulent season, in which president and general managerPat Quinn and head coachTom Renney were fired, Linden was eventually traded by new coach and acting general manager Mike Keenan to theNew York Islanders, where he became their captain, replacingBryan McCabe, for whom Linden was traded along withTodd Bertuzzi. Messier's demand to receive the number No. 11, which he had worn throughout his career with the Oilers and Rangers, but which the Canucks had unofficially retired afterWayne Maki's unexpected death in 1974, hurt his image as well.[41] Messier has been said to be "undoubtedly the most hated player in the history of the Canucks".[42]

In Messier's first game back on Broadway, MSG provided a video for him which was displayed on the big screen at the Garden. It was very emotional as some fans as well as Messier himself shed tears. He went on to score a goal in that game against his former team where he received applause after doing so even though he wore a different uniform. One fan displayed a sign that read, "You will always be our captain Mess."

Sixty points in1997–98 was his worst mark in a full year since his first NHL season; his next two seasons were shortened by injury and finished with 158 points over three years, considered below expectations compared to other star centremen earning around $6 million US a season,[43] likeSteve Yzerman andJoe Sakic. Messier was still expected to be named to the Canadian men's hockey team for the1998 Olympics, in which the NHL allowed its best players to participate for the first time; however, he was surprisingly omitted by general managerBobby Clarke.[44]

Keenan was fired from his post as Canucks' coach midway in the1998–99 season, as the club missed the playoffs during Messier's three years. The team did not attempt to re-sign Messier and he became a free agent after the1999–2000 season.

Return to New York (2000–2004)

[edit]

Meanwhile, back in New York, the Rangers had fired Neil Smith as general manager following three consecutive non-playoff seasons. His successor was Messier's former coach in Edmonton, Glen Sather, who began negotiating with the veteran former team captain and Messier agreed to terms to return to Madison Square Garden for the 2000–01 season. To mark Messier's return to the Rangers, a press conference was called to announce the signing; during the gathering, Messier's successor as captain,Brian Leetch, ceded his position to his returning teammate and, in a conciliatory gesture, a hatchet was buried in the dirt. Messier also went one step further and guaranteed that the Rangers would return to the playoffs.[45]

Messier's 67-point season as a 40-year-old in2000–01 was a mark better than any he established in his Vancouver years, showing that he could still be a valuable presence, but the Rangers missed the playoffs for the fourth year running. After missing half of2001–02 due to an arm injury, Messier recorded only 23 points and finished up next year with a 40-point season.

On June 30, 2003, Messier's rights were traded to theSan Jose Sharks for a fourth-round draft pick. This draft pick ended up being used to selectRochester, New York native and future Rangers captainRyan Callahan. The Sharks held his rights for just a few hours as he would eventually go on to re-sign with the Rangers as a free agent.

Messier (left foreground) during his number retirement ceremony with theNew York Rangers. The ceremony was held in January 2006, several months after he retired.

On November 4, 2003, against theDallas Stars, Messier scored a pair of goals to vault pastGordie Howe into second on the all-time point scoring list with 1,851 points, second-most in League history trailing only Wayne Gretzky.[46] Eleven days later, Messier was the only active player to play in the Legends Game at Edmonton'sHeritage Classic, suiting up with the Oiler alumni.[47] During his last game at Madison Square Garden (a 4–3 loss to theBuffalo Sabres on March 31, 2004), Messier received applause every time he touched the puck and, after the game, received a standing ovation while he skated around the Garden and bowed to every section of the stands.[48] At the age of 43, most media outlets believed Messier had decided to quit. TheNHL lockout eliminated the next season. All speculation ended on September 12, 2005, when he announced his retirement on ESPN radio.[49]

Messier retired eleven games behind Howe's then-NHL record 1,767 regular season games played. Messier holds the record for most NHL regular season and playoff season games played at 1,992. Messier is one of a handful of players to have played 25 NHL seasons, doing so over four decades.

International career

[edit]

Messier only played withCanada once outside North America, winning the silver medal at the1989 World Championships in Sweden. He also won three consecutiveCanada Cups and played for the Canadian team that finished second at the1996 World Cup of Hockey, four tournaments which he described as "my real opportunity to play international hockey."[50]

Post-playing career

[edit]
Retirement of Mark Messier, January 12, 2006

On January 12, 2006, during a very emotional ceremony that featured most of the1994 Stanley Cup team and the Stanley Cup itself, the New York Rangers retired hisnumber 11 in a game against the Edmonton Oilers. During the game, the Rangers defeated the Oilers.[51] His is the 4th number retired by the Rangers. His number was retired by the Edmonton Oilers on February 27, 2007, against thePhoenix Coyotes, then coached by former teammate Wayne Gretzky.[52]

In February 2007, Messier publicly expressed interest in returning to the NHL as general manager for the Rangers; however, the then-current general managerGlen Sather responded by saying he had no plans of stepping down from his position.[53] With the departure of assistant general managerDon Maloney from the Rangers organization in May 2007, Messier's name had been attached to possible replacements;[54] however, in July 2007,Jim Schoenfeld was announced as Maloney's replacement. On November 12, 2007, Messier was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the players category.

In late 2010, Messier coachedCanada during two European tournaments—theDeutschland Cup and theSpengler Cup.[55]

Messier also awards the NHL'sMark Messier Leadership Award, given to a player who exemplified on-ice leadership, and leadership within their communities.

Messier alongside other former Rangers andPhiladelphia Flyers during the2012 NHL Winter Classic alumni game.

Messier also remains active in the City of New York, with Messier playing for theNew York Rangers at the2012 NHL Winter Classic Alumni Game in Philadelphia between the New York Rangers and thePhiladelphia Flyers on December 31, 2011. Messier had 1 assist during the game, which was won 3–1 by Philadelphia.[56] Messier also ran in theNew York City Marathon on November 6, 2011, finishing with a time of 4:14:21. Messier, alongsideSarah Hughes, is also involved in the construction of the Kingsbridge National Ice Center, a US$250 million,[57] 795,000 square foot redevelopment of theKingsbridge Armory in the Bronx into a world's-largest indoor ice facility, containing nine ice rinks.[58]

After his retirement, Messier appeared in aVersus television special in the United States highlighting his "Mark Messier Leadership Camp," which allowed New Yorkers to mix seminars in leadership and working with others with hockey games against former Rangers, including a scrimmage at Madison Square Garden. Messier occasionally worked as a studio analyst onNHL on Versus, served as an in-game analyst forThe NHL All-Star Game on Versus, and has been a guest commentator onNHL on NBC. In 2014, Messier joinedRogers Communications as a spokesperson and occasional analyst for the company'snational NHL coverage. He appeared on variousRogers NHL GameCentre Live advertisements including theVancouver Canucks-themed ad which drew backlash towards their fanbase. In 2021, Messier signed a deal withESPN/ABC to lead their new look studio coverage, as ESPN and ABC will air NHL games for the first time in 17 years.

Messier was featured in aLay's chips campaign that aired in Canada in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The commercials originally featured Messier being challenged to a bet by a local hockey fan, who bets that Messier cannot eat just one potato chip, about the Lay's slogan "bet you can't eat just one." Messier loses the bet, and ends up playing in a local "beer league" hockey game (for a team called "ThePylons"), which he easily dominates. Later variations would have Messier himself making the same bet. He was also featured in Lay's ads in the U.S. where he asked neighbors to borrow ice, sugar, or a hairdryer (playing on his bald head) to get chips.

Personal life

[edit]
Messier in 2009.

Messier's son Lyon was born on August 16, 1987, and is a former defenceman who spent part of two seasons with theSouth Carolina Stingrays of theECHL, and both theCharlotte Checkers andNew Mexico Scorpions of theCentral Hockey League. Messier and his wife Kim have a second son and a daughter.

Messier owns the Runaway Hill Club on the pink sand beach onHarbour Island in the Bahamas.[59]

Messier is an advocate for preventative healthcare[citation needed] and was a spokesperson forCold-fX.[60]

Career statistics

[edit]

Regular season and playoffs

[edit]
Regular seasonPlayoffs
SeasonTeamLeagueGPGAPtsPIMGPGAPtsPIM
1975–76Sherwood SpearsAMHL44827615838
1976–77Spruce Grove MetsAJHL5727396691
1977–78St. Albert SaintsAJHL54254974194
1977–78Portland Winter HawksWCHL74152
1978–79St. Albert SaintsAJHL1715183364
1978–79Indianapolis RacersWHA50000
1978–79Cincinnati StingersWHA47110115830000
1979–80Houston ApollosCHL40334
1979–80Edmonton OilersNHL7512213312031232
1980–81Edmonton OilersNHL72234063102925713
1981–82Edmonton OilersNHL7850388811951238
1982–83Edmonton OilersNHL77485810672151562114
1983–84Edmonton OilersNHL733764101165198182619
1984–85Edmonton OilersNHL55233154571812132512
1985–86Edmonton OilersNHL633549847010461018
1986–87Edmonton OilersNHL713770107732112162816
1987–88Edmonton OilersNHL7037741111031911233429
1988–89Edmonton OilersNHL723361941307111128
1989–90Edmonton OilersNHL79458412979229223120
1990–91Edmonton OilersNHL5312526434184111516
1991–92New York RangersNHL793572107761177146
1992–93New York RangersNHL7525669172
1993–94New York RangersNHL76265884762312183033
1994–95New York RangersNHL461439534010310138
1995–96New York RangersNHL7447529912211471116
1996–97New York RangersNHL71364884881539126
1997–98Vancouver CanucksNHL8222386058
1998–99Vancouver CanucksNHL5913354833
1999–2000Vancouver CanucksNHL6617375430
2000–01New York RangersNHL8224436789
2001–02New York RangersNHL417162332
2002–03New York RangersNHL7818224030
2003–04New York RangersNHL7618254342
NHL totals1,7566941,1931,8871,912236109186295244

Awards and honours

[edit]
This section of abiography of a living persondoes notinclude anyreferences or sources. Please help by addingreliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourcedmust be removed immediately.
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AwardYear(s)
NHL All-Star Game1982,1983,1984,1986,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1996,1997,1998,2000,2004
NHL First All-Star Team1982,[a]1983,[a]1990,[b]1992[b]
Stanley Cup champion1984,1985,1987,1988,1990,1994
Conn Smythe Trophy1984
NHL Second All-Star Team1984[a]
Hart Memorial Trophy1990,1992
Lester B. Pearson Award1990,1992
One of100 Greatest NHL Players2017

Career achievements

[edit]
  • The only player to have captained two Stanley Cup championship teams, theEdmonton Oilers andNew York Rangers.[3]
  • In 1998, he was ranked number 12 onThe Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
  • On November 13, 2006, theNational Hockey League created theMark Messier Leadership Award, given to an individual in the sport who leads by example on the ice, motivates his teammates, and is dedicated to community activities and charitable causes.
  • His 1,887 points in the regular season are third all-time toJaromír Jágr andWayne Gretzky's 2857 (alongside whom he played for 11 seasons). Despite this feat, Messier never won ascoring title, as his best finish was runner-up in1989–90. His career-high for regular season goals was 50 which he accomplished just once in1981–82.
  • His 1,756 regular season NHL games played are third most all-time to Gordie Howe and Patrick Marleau who played in 1,767 and 1,779 regular season NHL games, respectively. He played in the most combined regular season and playoff games, with 1,992 total games.
  • He was the last active player to have played in the 1970s.
  • He was the last active player to have played in the World Hockey Association.
  • He was selected as an inductee to the Hockey Hall of Fame in June 2007, in his first year of eligibility, with the ceremony taking place in November 2007.
  • In the 2009 book100 Ranger Greats, was ranked No. 4 all-time of the901 New York Rangers who had played during the team's first82 seasons[61]
  • In 2010, he was elected as an inaugural inductee into theWorld Hockey Association Hall of Fame in the "Legends of the Game" category.[62]
  • Named to theOrder of Hockey in Canada byHockey Canada in 2013.[63]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcPlayed as left winger
  2. ^abPlayed as centre

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Mark Messier Hockey Stats and Profile at hockeydb.com".www.hockeydb.com. RetrievedOctober 17, 2023.
  2. ^Pelletier, Joe (April 29, 2009)."Stanley Cup Legends: The Messiah, Mark Messier". Greatest Hockey Legends.com. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  3. ^ab"Mark Messier". Legendsofhockey.net. Archived fromthe original on June 16, 2011. RetrievedNovember 3, 2011.
  4. ^"Legends of Hockey – Induction Showcase – Mark Messier". Hhof.com. Archived fromthe original on June 4, 2011. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  5. ^Mark Messier Biography Summary. BookRags.com. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  6. ^"100 Greatest NHL Players".NHL.com. January 27, 2017. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2017.
  7. ^"Governor General Announces 99 New Appointments to the Order of Canada".Governor General of Canada. June 30, 2017.Archived from the original on June 30, 2017.
  8. ^Klein 2003, p. 1
  9. ^Klein 2003, p. 3
  10. ^Klein 2003, pp. 7–8
  11. ^"Paul Messier". hockeyDB.com. RetrievedApril 11, 2020.
  12. ^Grimbly, Susan (November 11, 2011)."Run away to Mark Messier's island".The Globe and Mail.
  13. ^Klein 2003, pp. 9–10
  14. ^Klein 2003, p. 10
  15. ^Klein 2003, pp. 10–11
  16. ^Klein 2003, p. 13
  17. ^abKlein 2003, p. 14
  18. ^Willes 2004, p. 236
  19. ^Klein 2003, p. 15
  20. ^Klein 2003, pp. 15–16
  21. ^Klein 2003, p. 19
  22. ^Klein 2003, p. 23
  23. ^Klein 2003, p. 25
  24. ^Klein 2003, pp. 26–27
  25. ^Klein 2003, pp. 31–32
  26. ^Klein 2003, pp. 25–26
  27. ^ab"1979 NHL Entry Draft – Mark Messier". Hockeydraftcentral.com. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  28. ^abKlein 2003, p. 82
  29. ^Klein 2003, p. 130
  30. ^Klein 2003, p. 137
  31. ^Dodd, Rustin (August 13, 2020)."The Comeback, No. 27: Mark Messier guarantees a Rangers win in Game 6".The New York Times. RetrievedMarch 25, 2024.
  32. ^Borden, Sam (May 24, 2012)."The Magic of Messier, Embodied by a Third-Period Hat Trick".New York Times. RetrievedMarch 25, 2024.
  33. ^Urtz Jr, Tom."22 of the Most Memorable Calls in Hockey History".Bleacher Report. RetrievedMarch 25, 2024.
  34. ^LaPointe, Joe (May 28, 1994)."2 Overtimes Later, It's a Final and It's the Rangers".New York Times. p. 27. RetrievedJune 5, 2011.
  35. ^McGourty, John (June 11, 2009)."Keenan knows Game 7 pressure".NHL.com. NHL Enterprises, L. P. RetrievedOctober 22, 2010.
  36. ^"The Rangers win The Cup – 06/14/1994". MSG Media. Archived fromthe original on January 31, 2009. RetrievedJuly 21, 2009.
  37. ^"GeorgeKalinsky.com::Images::Team Sports". GeorgeKalinsky.com. Archived fromthe original on April 29, 2009. RetrievedJuly 21, 2009.
  38. ^Kalinsky, George (2004).Garden of Dreams. New York: Stewart, Tabori, & Chang.ISBN 1-58479-343-0.
  39. ^Barron, James (June 18, 1994)."New Yorkers Bury the Rangers' Curse in a Sea of Confetti".The New York Times. p. 28.Mr. Giuliani went on to call Mark Messier 'Mr. June,' echoing Reggie Jackson's 'Mr. October' nickname after he blasted three home runs to win the World Series for the Yankees in 1977.
  40. ^"CNNSI.com – NHL Hockey – Say It Ain't So: New York Rangers – Saturday March 3, 2001 10:30 am".Sports Illustrated. Archived fromthe original on October 25, 2012. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  41. ^"The 12 sports books of Christmas". Vancouver Courier. 2004. Archived fromthe original on May 10, 2006. RetrievedAugust 26, 2006.
  42. ^"The Canucks left Mark Messier off Quinn Hughes' captaincy announcement". September 11, 2023.
  43. ^Vancouver Sun staff (October 25, 2011)."Worst Canucks ever: Most disappointing players to wear a Vancouver jersey". Vancouversun.com. Archived fromthe original on October 26, 2011. RetrievedNovember 3, 2011.
  44. ^Willes, Ed (November 30, 1997)."HOCKEY; Gretzky In, Messier Out As Canada Picks Team".The New York Times. RetrievedMay 5, 2010.
  45. ^"Messier stands by playoff guarantee". Canada: CBC. January 11, 2001. RetrievedOctober 17, 2007.
  46. ^Diamos, Jason (November 5, 2003)."HOCKEY; Messier Passes Howe on Points List".The New York Times. RetrievedNovember 5, 2003.
  47. ^"Messier Allowed To Play In Exhibition Game".SportsNetwork. WCVB Boston. November 21, 2003. Archived fromthe original on March 20, 2012. RetrievedNovember 1, 2011.
  48. ^"messier scores in possible msg finale". nyrangers.com. 2004. Archived fromthe original on November 26, 2006. RetrievedOctober 17, 2007.
  49. ^"Mark Messier retires after 25 seasons". ESPN. 2006. RetrievedAugust 26, 2006.
  50. ^Fox, Luke (January 10, 2014)."Messier recalls being denied his Olympic dream". Sportsnet. RetrievedMay 5, 2015.
  51. ^"NHL On-line ReportViewer". Nhl.com. January 12, 2006. RetrievedMarch 9, 2011.
  52. ^"Oilers retire Messier's No. 11".USA Today. Associated Press. February 28, 2007. RetrievedOctober 23, 2011.
  53. ^"Messier's GM comments surprise Rangers' Sather". ESPN. 2007. RetrievedMay 13, 2007.
  54. ^"Messier joins Rangers management".CBCSports.ca. August 16, 2009. RetrievedAugust 16, 2009.
  55. ^"Mark Messier Named Canada's Coach for Deutschland Cup and Spengler Cup Assistant Coaches Named for Both Events". Hockey Canada. October 12, 2010. RetrievedNovember 5, 2010.
  56. ^"Messier to play in Winter Classic alumni game".NBC Sports Philadelphia. December 9, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2025.
  57. ^"Bronx armory to be ice rink".New York Post. April 23, 2013.
  58. ^"Messier helps bring huge Ice Center to NYC". NHL.com. December 10, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2019.
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  60. ^"Cold-fX adds Messier as pitchman".The Globe and Mail. June 13, 2006. RetrievedJune 25, 2021.
  61. ^Cohen, Russ; Halligan, John; Raider, Adam (2009).100 Ranger Greats: Superstars, Unsung Heroes and Colorful Characters.John Wiley & Sons. p. 216.ISBN 978-0470736197.
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  63. ^Sportak, Randy (December 13, 2012). "Marching Order".Calgary Sun. p. S11.

Further reading

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External links

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Awards and achievements
Preceded by Winner of theConn Smythe Trophy
1984
Succeeded by
Preceded by Winner of theHart Memorial Trophy
1990
1992
Succeeded by
Preceded bySteven McDonald Extra Effort Award winner
1995,1996
Succeeded by
Sporting positions
Preceded byEdmonton Oilers captain
19881991
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Kelly Kisio
Brian Leetch
New York Rangers captain
19911997
20002004
Succeeded by
Preceded byVancouver Canucks captain
19972000
Succeeded by
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