Mario Miranda | |
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 Miranda in 2008 | |
| Born | Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda (1926-05-02)2 May 1926 |
| Died | 11 December 2011(2011-12-11) (aged 85) Loutolim, Goa, India |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupations |
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| Known for | Cartoonist forThe Illustrated Weekly of India |
| Spouse | Habiba Hyderi de Miranda |
| Children | 2 |
| Family | Tyabji–Hydari family (through wife) |
| Awards |
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| Website | mariodemiranda |
Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito MirandaOYCComIH (2 May 1926 – 11 December 2011), also known asMario de Miranda, was an Indian cartoonist and painter based inLoutolim,Goa. He had been a regular withThe Times of India and other newspapers inBombay, includingThe Economic Times, though he got his popularity with his works published inThe Illustrated Weekly of India. He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, thePadma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 2012.[1]
Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda was born on 2 May 1926, inDamão,Portuguese India, toGoan Catholic parents. At an early age, he would drawcaricatures and sketch on the walls of his home, until his mother brought him a blank book. He then began making personalised postcards for his friends, charging them a token amount, in the 1930s and 1940s.[2] He even started getting into trouble at school, for sketching Catholic priests.[3] Mario Miranda's early cartoons presented vignettes of Goan village life, a theme he is best known for even today. He would maintain diaries from the age of 10, sketching the life around him.[4]
He studied atSt. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore and then did a B.A. in history atSt. Xavier's College, Mumbai, while focusing on the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). Thereafter he started studying architecture[2] at the behest of his parents, though he soon lost interest.[5] He then began getting small commissions and would sketch people in his private diaries in 1949. He loved good food and red wine in moderation but would mainly visit eateries and taverns to document the lives of the patrons.[6]
Miranda started his career in an advertising studio, where he worked for four years, before taking up cartooning full-time. He got his first break as a cartoonist withThe Illustrated Weekly of India which published a few of his works.[7] His drawings & cartoons also brought him an offer to work at theCurrent magazine. A year later, the Times of India offered him a slot, even though they had rejected him at first. Thereafter, his creations, such as Miss Nimbupani and Miss Fonseca, appeared on a regular basis inFemina,Economic Times, andThe Illustrated Weekly of India.[4]
Mario then won a grant by theCalouste Gulbenkian Foundation and lived in Portugal for year, helping him "broaden his horizons". He then moved toLondon, working for different newspapers and even working in television animation. During his five years spent there, his caricatures were published in magazines likeMad,Lilliput andPunch. He then travelled to many countries, either working or conducting exhibitions.[2]
Miranda returned to India for good in the late 1980s[2] and was offered back his old job with theTimes of India in Mumbai, where he worked with noted cartoonist,R.K. Laxman.
Thereafter, Miranda met artist Habiba Hydari. Habiba was part of Hyderabad based Hydari family[8] and grand-daughter ofAkbar Hydari.[9] They got married and had two sons, Rahul and Rishad.[2]
Miranda's big break came in 1974, when, at the invitation of the United States Information Services, he travelled to America, which enabled him to promote his art and interact with other cartoonists in the United States and also got a chance to work withCharles M. Schulz, the creator ofPeanuts)[10] and metHerblock, the editorial cartoonist of the Washington Post.[citation needed]
He held solo exhibitions in over 22 countries, including the United States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Singapore, France, Yugoslavia, and Portugal.
After retirement, Miranda lived in his ancestral home, atLoutolim, a village inSalcete, Goa, with his wife Habiba.[11] Even after he retired, Miranda's work was seen regularly in Mumbai publications, and he was invited to travel to countries such as Mauritius and Spain, and draw their local cultures.[12] On 11 December 2011, Miranda died of natural causes at his home in Loutolim.[13] Mario's body was then taken to the Hindu crematorium at Pajifond in Margao, where his pyre was lit by his younger son Rishaad as per his wishes.[14]
Indian cartoonist Graphi and fine artist,Vijay N Seth (Vins) paid tribute to Miranda, whom he considered as a mentor:
With pen & ink that were at his command to churn out lines that every nib would be jealous of, he brushed aside the old school of cartooning using the brush, and set a new norm to use the nib pen and to master it for this branch of art. Mario created characters that gave his daily audience their quota of a smile without malice. His trips around the globe produced subtle close observations of the local musings – a fitting example of how far can one stretch the parameters of this branch of neglected art.[15]
According toAaron Renier (who created the Google Doodle commemorating Miranda on his 90th birth anniversary in 2016), Miranda's most popular style of cartooning was "very flat with criss-crossing interactions".[16] Renier went on to explain:
That is what I liked most about his work. Trying to pick out who knows who, who's watching who, who's annoyed by who, who's enamoured by who.[16]
Miranda's cartoons often indulged in sexist stereotypes, with the women being drawn as curvaceous and having bulging eyes.[17] He would observe people everywhere (like eateries, taverns, weddings, the bus stop, the post office) and document their social life.[6] However, he always stayed away from drawing political cartoons.[4]
Art critic Uma Nair describes how all his work was subtly witty. Describing his drawing style, she finds that his tales were told throughcubism and the nature of the contours of his work, stating that his "geometric jiggles" coupled with subtle colours helped convey the emotions of the characters. His works would include people from all walks of life interacting with one another. Additionally, he would capture the essence of Goan life.[18] She goes on to describe:
Mario’s drawings, like his signature, had a squared-off, serene quality, a frame of high and mischievous intention that suggested aspirations beyond the momentary smile most cartoons are content to induce... he created multitudes that had a collective melody and mood, his backgrounds were never in excess, always a quaint minimalism that endeared and endured-he also pressed towards the foreground an impressionist zeal that had a zing to it.[18]
Besides cartooning, Miranda's murals are present on various buildings in Goa and other parts of India. Late in life he took to paintings which received wide response.
Over the years, he published several books, includingLaugh it Off,Goa with Love, andGermany in Wintertime.
Besides his own books, he illustrated books byDom Moraes (A Journey to Goa),Manohar Malgonkar (Inside Goa) andMario Cabral e Sa (Legends of Goa).[19] He also illustrated many children's books, includingDul-Dul,The Magic Clay Horse (1968),The Adventures of Pilla the Pup (1969), andLumbdoom, The Long-Tailed Langoor (1968), all written byUma Anand and published byIndia Book House, Mumbai, under its Echo imprint. He also illustrated for Balbharati textbooks by MSBTPCR in the 1970s.
In 1951, he collaborated with Sanskrit scholar Jose Pereira and IAS officer Alban Couto (Maria Aurora Couto's husband) to publish a special issue ofMarg on Goan art and culture.[19]
Miranda was the creative assistant during the filming ofThe Sea Wolves.[20]
He loved to travel and listening to music and it was his ambition to experiment further with water colours and to write memories of his early years in Goa, on retirement. He was not able to fulfil these two latter ambitions.[citation needed]
In the 1990s, Rushi Yazdegardi (then owner) ofCafé Mondegar asked Mario Miranda to drawmurals (cartoons) on two opposite walls. Both walls have different themes. Whilst one wall is dedicated to theLife in Mumbai, the other wall is dedicated toAtmosphere in the Café.[21]
When the new municipal market ofPanjim was inaugurated in 2004,[22] Miranda was invited to paint a mural on its walls by thenChief MinisterManohar Parrikar. Delighted with how the new complex had turned out, he refused to charge fees from the government for his work.[23]
Miranda's house features in the 1985Shyam Benegal film,Trikaal, which is loosely based on Miranda's family. Benegal admitted to having been deeply influenced by Miranda's house and family after a visit. He recalls how during his visit, he was told of how one of Miranda's ancestors accidentally killed the wrong Rane during theRevolt of the Ranes in Goa, a story which inspired him to make the film.[24]
In 2005,Gerard da Cunha began working on a book on the artist and collected 13,000 of Miranda's works, tracking them down through various sources.[4] In 2016, an exhibition titled"A pocketful of chuckles" on the works of Mário de Miranda was held at Gallery Gitanjali atPanaji. This was the largest exhibition of the original cartoons and paintings of Mario de Miranda.[25]The Life of Mario: 1949, a compilation of caricatures drawn by the 23-year old Mario Miranda in 1949, was also released by da Cunha. This was the third in a series that includes the years 1950 and 1951.[26]
In March 2025,Chief MinisterPramod Sawant announced that a few galleries in the renovated state museum at Adil Shah Palace, Panaji, would be dedicated to the work of Miranda.[27]
In 1988, Miranda was featured in the national integration "Mile Sur Mera Tumhara" video, which included multiple notable Indians in arts, films, literature, music, and sports.[28] He was awarded thePadma Shri in 1988, thePadma Bhushan in 2002[29][30] and All India Cartoonists's Association, Bangalore, honoured him with a lifetime achievement award.[31] The King of Spain,Juan Carlos, conferred on Mario the highest civilian honour of "Cross of theOrder of Isabel the Catholic" which was presented to him on 11 November 2009 at his family home in Loutolim by tourism counsellor Don Miguel Nieto Sandoval.[32] On 29 December 2009 Portugal, under the President of the RepublicAníbal Cavaco Silva, made him "Commander of theOrder of Prince Henry", a Portuguese National Order of knighthood.[citation needed] Mario Miranda was posthumously awarded thePadma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, by the President of India on 4 April 2012.[33]
After his death in 2011, theGoa Legislative Assembly made an obituary reference to him in March 2012.[23] In 2013, a road junction in Mumbai was named after Miranda.[34] In May 2016,Google honoured him with adoodle on his 90th birth anniversary.[35] The doodle showcased a typical Mumbai neighbourhood scene during the rains.[36]
Generational sensibilities also change. For instance, the celebrated Mario Miranda drew on several sexist stereotypes, with his voluptuous, bug-eyed women — but such cartoons are less likely to pass muster today.
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