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Mario Bava

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian filmmaker (1914–1980)

Mario Bava
Bava in 1975
Born(1914-07-31)31 July 1914
Died27 April 1980(1980-04-27) (aged 65)
Rome, Italy
Other namesJohn M. Old
John Foam[1]
Occupations
Years active1937-1980
ChildrenLamberto Bava
ParentEugenio Bava

Mario Bava (Italian:[ˈmaːrjoˈbaːva]; 31 July 1914 – 27 April 1980)[2] was an Italianfilmmaker who worked variously as a director, cinematographer, special effects artist and screenwriter.[3] His low-budget genre films, known for their distinctive visual flair and stylish technical ingenuity, feature recurring themes and imagery concerning the conflict between illusion and reality, as well as the destructive capacity of human nature.[1] Widely regarded as a pioneer of Italian genre cinema and one of the most influentialauteurs of thehorror film genre,[4][5] he is popularly referred to as the "Master of Italian Horror"[6] and the "Master of the Macabre".[7]

After providing special effects work and other assistance on such productions asI Vampiri (1957),Hercules (1958) andCaltiki – The Immortal Monster (1959), Bava made his official featuredirectorial debut with thegothic horror filmBlack Sunday, released in 1960. He went on to direct such films asThe Girl Who Knew Too Much,Black Sabbath,The Whip and the Body (all released in 1963),Blood and Black Lace (1964),Planet of the Vampires (1965),Kill, Baby, Kill (1966),Danger: Diabolik (1968),A Bay of Blood (1971),Baron Blood (1972),Lisa and the Devil (1974) andRabid Dogs (1974).

According to theBritish Film Institute, "Bava took a vital role in the creation of the modern horror film. If there was to be aMount Rushmore-style monument dedicated to four directors whose work pioneered a new form of big screen chills and thrills, those giant faces etched in granite on the mountainside would be: Bava,Alfred Hitchcock,Georges Franju andMichael Powell."[5]

Family

[edit]

Born to sculptor, cinematographer and special effects pioneerEugenio Bava, the younger Mario Bava followed his father into the film industry, and eventually earned a reputation as one of Italy's foremost cameramen, lighting and providing the special effects for such films asHercules (1958) and its sequelHercules Unchained (1959) (both were lampooned onMystery Science Theater 3000).[8][9]

Mario Bava's son and frequent assistant director,Lamberto Bava, later became a noted fantasy and horror film director in his own right.

Biography

[edit]

Mario Bava was born inSanremo, Liguria on 31 July 1914. He was the son ofEugenio Bava (1886-1966), a sculptor who also worked as a special effects photographer and cameraman in the Italian silent movie industry.[10] Mario Bava's first ambition was to become a painter. Unable to turn out paintings at a profitable rate, he went into his father's business, working as an assistant to other Italian cinematographers like Massimo Terzano. He also helped his father at the special effects department atBenito Mussolini's film factory, theIstituto Luce.

Bava became a cinematographer himself in 1939, shooting two short films withRoberto Rossellini. He made his feature debut in the early 1940s. Bava's camerawork was an instrumental factor in developing the screen personas of such stars of the period asGina Lollobrigida,Steve Reeves andAldo Fabrizi.

During the late 1950s, his eventual career trajectory as a director began when he was relied upon to complete projects begun by or credited to his colleagueRiccardo Freda and other filmmakers, includingI Vampiri (1957) (the first Italian horror film of the sound era),The Day the Sky Exploded (1958) (the first Italianscience fiction film),Caltiki – The Immortal Monster (1959) andThe Giant of Marathon (1959).[1]

Bava collaborates inI vampiri (a.k.a.The Devil's Commandment) for directorRiccardo Freda in 1956, a movie now referred to as the first Italian horror film.[11] Bava was originally hired as the cinematographer, but when Freda walked out on the project midway through production, Bava completed the film in several days, even creating the innovative special effects that were needed. He also handled the cinematography and special effects on the 1955 Kirk Douglas epicUlysses and the 1957 Steve Reeves classicHercules, two films credited with sparking the Italiansword and sandal genre.

Bava co-directedThe Day the Sky Exploded in 1958, the first Italian science fiction film, predating even the sci-fi films of Antonio Margheriti. Because he had no earlier credited experience as a director, the film was credited solely toPaolo Heusch.

Bava in 1962

In 1960, Bava directed the gothic horror classicBlack Sunday, his first solo directorial effort, which made a genre star out ofBarbara Steele. His use of light and dark in black-and-white films is widely acclaimed along with his spectacular use of color in films such asBlack Sabbath,Kill, Baby... Kill!,Blood and Black Lace andThe Whip and the Body.

Later works

[edit]

His work has proven to be very influential. Bava directed two films that are now regarded as the earliest entries in the Italian giallo genre:The Girl Who Knew Too Much (1963) andBlood and Black Lace (1964). His 1965 science fiction horror filmPlanet of the Vampires was a thematic precursor toAlien (1979). Although comic books had served as the basis for countless serials and children's films in Hollywood, Bava'sDanger: Diabolik (1968) brought an adult perspective to the genre; the movie was influenced byPop artistsAndy Warhol andRoy Lichtenstein.[12][13] Many elements of the 1966 filmKill, Baby... Kill!, regarded byMartin Scorsese as Bava's masterpiece, also appear in the Asian strain of terror film known asJ-horror. 1971'sA Bay of Blood is considered one of the earlyslasher films, and was explicitly imitated inFriday the 13th Part 2.[14]

Bava was disappointed with the theatrical distribution of some of his later films. HisLisa and the Devil (1972) never was selected by a distributor. Eventually, in order to get it released, the producer reedited the movie into anExorcist clone, adding footage shot in 1975, and retitling itHouse of Exorcism. Bava'sSemaforo Rosso (1974) never was released theatrically during his lifetime, and in the late 1990s, it also would be reedited, with new footage added, and retitled; it was released on video asRabid Dogs. It was released on DVD in 2007, slightly altered and again retitled, asKidnapped.

In 1977, Bava directed his last horror film,Shock. His son,Lamberto Bava, was an uncredited co-director. The elder Bava later did special effects matte work onDario Argento's 1980 filmInferno. Bava died suddenly of a heart attack on 27 April 1980, at age 65. His doctor had given him a physical just a few days before, and had pronounced him to be in perfect health. At the time of his death, Bava was about to start shooting a science fiction film titledStar Riders, on whichLuigi Cozzi had hoped to collaborate.[15]

Filmography

[edit]
TitleYearCredited asNotesRef(s)
DirectorScreenwriterScreen story writerCinematographerOther
Scipione l'africano1937YesUncredited title designer.[16]
Il dottor Antonio1938YesUncredited camera assistant.[16]
Princess Tarakanova1938YesUncredited camera assistant.[16]
Giuseppe Verdi1938YesUncredited camera assistant.[16]
Inventiamo l'amore1938YesUncredited camera assistant.[16]
Il socio invisible1939YesUncredited additional photography[16]
La Comédie du bonheur1940YesUncredited camera assistant[16]
La compagna della teppa1941YesUncredited camera assistant[16]
Uomini sul fondo1941YesAdditional photography and special effects[16]
Capitan Tempesta1942YesCamera assistant[16]
La nave bianca1942YesCamera assistant and special effects[16]
Alfa tau!1942YesAdditional photography and special effects[16]
Uomini e cieli1943YesAdditional photography and special effects[16]
Le avventure di Annabella1943Yes[16]
Sant'Elena, piccola isola1943Yes[16]
Montecassino nel cerchio di fuoco1946YesUncredited additional photography[16]
Il barbiere di Siviglia1946YesUncredited camera assistant[16]
Elisir d'amore1947Yes[17]
Natale ai campo 1191947Yes[17]
Follie per l'opera1948Yes[17]
I pagliacci (amore tragico)1948YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Antonio de Padova1949YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Miss Italia1950Yes[17]
Il leone di Amalfi1950YesYesSpecial effects[17]
E arrivato il cavalieri!1950YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Canzone di primavera1950YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Quel bandito sono io!1950YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Vita da cani1950Yes[17]
Guardie e ladri1951Yes[17]
Amor non ho, pero... pero...1951YesYesSpecial effects[17]
La famiglia Passaguai1951YesYesSpecial effects[17]
La famiglia Passaguai fa fortuna1952YesAdditional photography, uncredited Special effects work[17]
Papà diventa mamma1952YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Gli eroi della domenica1952Yes[17]
Sins of Rome1953YesUncredited as cinematographer[18][19]
Perdonami!1953Yes[17]
Il viale della speranza1953YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Balocchi e profumi1953Yes[17]
Villa Borghese1953Yes[17]
Terza liceo1954Yes[17]
Cose da pazzi1954YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Graziella1954Yes[17]
Hanno rubato un tram1954YesYesSpecial effects[17]
Theodora, Slave Empress1954YesAdditional photography and uncredited special effects artist[17][19]
Buonanotte... avvocato!1955Yes[17]
Non ch'e amore piu grande1955Yes[17]
Sins of Casanova1955Yes[17]
La donna piu bella del mondo1955YesYesSpecial effects artist[17]
Da qui all'ereditta1955YesUncredited additional photography and special effects[17]
Beatrice Cenci1956YesSpecial effects creator[20][21]
Mio figlio Nerone1956Yes[17]
Roland the Mighty1956YesYesSpecial effects[17][22]
I Vampiri1957YesYesCompleted the film after Freda left production. Also did uncredited special effects.[23][24][21]
Hercules1958YesYesSpecial effects artist[17][25]
Città di notte1958Yes[17][25]
The Day the Sky Exploded1958YesYesSpecial effects creator. While credited toPaolo Heusch, actors on set state Bava directed the film.[17][26]
Toto in Paris1958YesYes[17]
Hercules Unchained1959YesYesSpecial effects artist[17][25]
Sheba and the Gladiator1959YesUncredited as cinematographer[27]
The White Warrior1959Yes[28]
Caltiki – The Immortal Monster1959YesYesSpecial effects. Took over direction from Freda.[17][29]
The Giant of Marathon1959YesYesBava shot some interiors 10 days prior to the films premiere.[30][31]
Black Sunday1960YesYesYesYesYesBava developed the matte paintings and special effects uncredited.[32]
Hercules in the Haunted World1961YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[17]
Erik the Conqueror1961YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[17]
The Witch's Curse1962YesUncredited special effects creator[33]
The Girl Who Knew Too Much1963YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Black Sabbath1963YesYesYesBava is uncredited as cinematographer on some scenes.[35][36][37]
The Whip and the Body1963Yes[38]
Blood and Black Lace1964YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
The Road to Fort Alamo1964YesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Planet of the Vampires1965YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Knives of the Avenger1966YesYesYesYesSpecial effects[34]
Kill, Baby, Kill1966YesYes[39]
Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs1966YesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Danger: Diabolik1968YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Five Dolls for an August Moon1970YesYesYesSpecial effects creator and film editor[34]
Hatchet for the Honeymoon1970YesYesYes[40]
Roy Colt & Winchester Jack1970YesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Four Times That Night1971YesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
A Bay of Blood1971YesYesYesYesSpecial effects creator[34]
Baron Blood1972YesYes[41]
Lisa and the Devil1974YesYesYes[42]
Shock1977YesYesBava is uncredited as cinematographer[43]
Inferno1980YesBava created some optical effects, paintedmaquettes, and other trick shots.[44][45][46][47]
Rabid Dogs1998YesYesYesUncredited cinematographer and on screen as the man in the parking lot.[48]

Influence and legacy

[edit]

Although most of Bava's films as director failed to achieve major commercial success upon release, many eventually found acclaim ascult classics, with their content and production values being favourably compared to the works ofAlfred Hitchcock. Despite his reputation as a talented artist during his lifetime, Bava's shy, self-deprecating demeanour prevented him from taking advantage of opportunities that would have furthered his international standing within the film industry, and he turned down multiple opportunities to work in Hollywood.[1]

Mario Bava's sonLamberto Bava worked for 14 years as Bava's assistant director (beginning withPlanet of the Vampires), and became a horror film director. On several of Mario's movies, Mario was credited as John M. Old.[49] Later, Lamberto was sometimes credited as John M. Old, Jr.[50] When Lamberto directed his first solo filmMacabre in 1980 and screened the completed work for his father, Mario commented jokingly to Lamberto: "I am very proud of you. Now I can die in peace". (He actually did die less than two months later.)

Several books have been published about Mario Bava:Mario Bava by Pascal Martinet (Edilig, 1984) andMario Bava edited by Jean-Louis Leutrat (Éditions du Céfal, 1994) in French;Mario Bava by Alberto Pezzotta (Il Castoro Cinema, 1995) in Italian;The Haunted Worlds of Mario Bava by Troy Howarth (FAB Press, 2002) and most recently, the massive critical biographyMario Bava: All the Colors of the Dark byTim Lucas (Video Watchdog, 2007;ISBN 0-9633756-1-X).

A documentary about him titledMario Bava: Maestro of the Macabre was released in 2000.[51]

Mario Bava's directing style heavily influenced many directors, includingJoe Dante,Martin Scorsese,Quentin Tarantino,Francis Ford Coppola,John Landis, andTim Burton.[52][53][54] Bava and his works have also influencedDario Argento,Lucio Fulci,Federico Fellini,John Carpenter,Nicolas Winding Refn,Roger Corman,Edgar Wright andJennifer Kent.[55]

The satirical TV seriesMystery Science Theater 3000 concluded their show in 1999 withDanger: Diabolik.[56][57][58][59]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcd"Mario Bava Biography".Tripod.
  2. ^Howarth, Troy (2002).The Haunted World of Mario Bava. BearManor Media.
  3. ^"Mario Bava". Movies & TV Dept.The New York Times. 2007. Archived fromthe original on 3 November 2007.
  4. ^"Why your favourite directors love Mario Bava".Little White Lies. Retrieved19 October 2021.
  5. ^ab"Where to begin with Mario Bava".British Film Institute. 29 July 2016. Retrieved19 October 2021.
  6. ^Pezzotta, Alberto (1995).Mario Bava. Milan: Il Castoro Cinema.
  7. ^Mario Bava: Maestro of the Macabre (2000)–MUBI
  8. ^"Mystery Science Theater 3000" Hercules Unchained (TV episode 1992)-IMDb
  9. ^"Mystery Science Theater 3000" Hercules (TV episode 1993)-IMDb
  10. ^Kehr, Dave (10 April 2007)."New DVDs".The New York Times. Retrieved23 October 2021.
  11. ^Curti 2015, p. 11.
  12. ^Celebrating the Non-Horror Work of Mario Bava—Nerdist
  13. ^All 24 Mario Bava Movies Ranked from Worst to Best - Page 3 - Taste of Cinema
  14. ^"Blu-ray Review: 'Friday the 13th Part 2' -".Bloody Disgusting!. 15 June 2009. Retrieved22 October 2021.
  15. ^"Planet of the Vampires".Monthly Film Bulletin.53 (624). London:59–60. 1986.ISSN 0027-0407.
  16. ^abcdefghijklmnopqLucas 2013, p. 1063.
  17. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoLucas 2013, p. 1064.
  18. ^Curti 2017b, p. 310.
  19. ^abCurti 2017b, p. 311.
  20. ^Curti 2017b, p. 312.
  21. ^abCurti 2017b, p. 313.
  22. ^Lucas 2013, p. 161.
  23. ^Curti 2015, p. 21.
  24. ^Curti 2015, p. 23.
  25. ^abcLucas 2013, p. 202.
  26. ^Lucas 2013, p. 216.
  27. ^Curti 2017b, p. 296.
  28. ^Curti 2017b, p. 314.
  29. ^Curti 2017b, p. 315.
  30. ^Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 60.
  31. ^Hughes 2011, p. 49.
  32. ^Curti 2015, p. 37.
  33. ^Curti 2017b, p. 318.
  34. ^abcdefghijkLucas 2013, p. 1065.
  35. ^Curti 2015, p. 78.
  36. ^Curti 2015, p. 79.
  37. ^"Credits".Black Sabbath (booklet).Arrow Films. 2013. p. 2. FCD778.
  38. ^Curti 2015, p. 102.
  39. ^Curti 2015, p. 159.
  40. ^Curti 2017, p. 19.
  41. ^Curti 2017, p. 53.
  42. ^Curti 2017, p. 84.
  43. ^Curti 2017, p. 177.
  44. ^Curti 2019, p. 18.
  45. ^Curti 2019, p. 19.
  46. ^Curti 2019, p. 26.
  47. ^Curti 2019, p. 27.
  48. ^Curti 2013, p. 115.
  49. ^Johnson, Gary."The Golden-Age of Italian Horror: c. 1957-1979".imagesjournal.com. Retrieved15 August 2012.
  50. ^"BAVA, Lamberto".bfi.org.uk. Archived fromthe original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved1 July 2012.
  51. ^"Mario Bava: Maestro of the Macabre".TV Guide. Retrieved26 October 2021.
  52. ^Shock Video: Tim Burton Talks His Love of Mario Bava - ComingSoon.net
  53. ^"The Stylish Horror of Mario Bava on Fandor". Archived fromthe original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved6 November 2019.
  54. ^10 Essential Mario Bava Films Every Horror Fan Should See — Taste of Cinema
  55. ^"Why your favorite directors love Mario Bava".Little White Lies.
  56. ^Why MST3K's Original Finale Is One of the Best Episodes Ever—Nerdist
  57. ^Mystery Science Theater 3000 – Time
  58. ^Viva Bava, Celebrating a Master Craftsman|Balder and Dash|Roger Ebert
  59. ^Best Sci-Fi Movies Mystery Science Theater 3000 Watched|Gizmodo

Bibliography

[edit]

External links

[edit]
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Collaborative works
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