Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Mariehamn

Coordinates:60°06′N19°56′E / 60.100°N 19.933°E /60.100; 19.933
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Capital and largest city of the Åland Islands
Capital city in Åland, Finland
Mariehamn
Mariehamns stad
Town of Mariehamn
Västerhamn ferry terminal
Coat of arms of Mariehamn
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Mariehamn is located in Åland
Mariehamn
Mariehamn
Location within the Åland Islands
Coordinates:60°06′N19°56′E / 60.100°N 19.933°E /60.100; 19.933
CountryFinland
RegionÅland
Sub-regionMariehamn
Charter21 February 1861; 164 years ago (1861-02-21)[2]
Named afterMaria Alexandrovna
Government
 • MayorArne Selander
Area
 • Total
20.75 km2 (8.01 sq mi)
 • Land11.81 km2 (4.56 sq mi)
Population
 (2025-06-30)
 • Total
11,898
 • Density1,007.45/km2 (2,609.3/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Postal code
22100, 22101, 22110, 22111, 22120, 22140, 22150, 22160
Websitewww.mariehamn.ax

Mariehamn (/məˈriːəhɑːmən/mə-REE-ə-hah-mən,[3]Finland Swedish:[mɑriːeˈhɑmn]ⓘ;Finnish:Maarianhamina[ˈmɑːriɑnˌhɑminɑ];Latin:Portus Mariae) is thecapital ofÅland, an autonomous territory under Finnishsovereignty. The city is the seat of theGovernment of Åland and theParliament of Åland, and about 40% of Åland’s population live there. Mariehamn bordersJomala to the north and west andLemland to the east.

Like the rest of Åland, the city is unilinguallySwedish-speaking. Most inhabitants have Swedish as their native language.[4]

Thecoat of arms of Mariehamn reflects the city’s main livelihood,maritime transport, and its linden tree–lined parks.[5][6] The coat of arms was designed by Nils Byman and confirmed in 1951.[7]

Mariehamn’s central location in theBaltic Sea makes it a popular summer destination. Approximately 1.5 million tourists visit each year.[8][9]

History

[edit]
[icon]
This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(June 2022)

Mariehamn was named after the Russian empressMaria Alexandrovna (1824–1880), meaninglit. 'Marie's Port'. The town was founded on 21 February 1861 around the village ofÖvernäs,[2][10] then part ofJomala municipality. The city later expanded into Jomala. It was built to a regular plan that remains well preserved. One of the oldest streets isSödragatan, with 19th-century wooden houses.

Map showing Mariehamn and the pre-1961 town area (hatched)
Finnish stamp marking Mariehamn’s centenary (1961)

In the mid-19th century, cargo shipping developed, and several shipowners and shipyards settled in the growing town.[11]

After theFirst World War, Mariehamn hosted the Mariehamn Grain Fleet.[12]

On 8 November 1963, aplane crash in Mariehamn killed 22 of 25 people, Finland’s second-deadliest air accident.[13]

Demographics

[edit]

Population growth

[edit]

Mariehamn’s population grew steadily from under 10,000 in the late 1980s to over 11,800 by 2024. Based on data from Ålands statistik- och utredningsbyrå (ÅSUB),[14] the city’s population by year was:

Population by year
YearPopulation
19879 966
199010 263
199710 408
200010 488
200210 632
200410 712
200610 824
200811 005
200911 123
201011 190
201111 262
201211 346
201311 393
201411 480
201511 461
201611 565
201711 677
201811 743
201911 679
202011 705
202111 742
202211 757
202311 812
202411 866

Foreign-born residents

[edit]

As of 2018, the largest groups of foreign-born residents in Mariehamn were:[15]

Foreign-born residents of Mariehamn by country of birth (2018)
CountryPopulation%
Sweden1 0939.55
Romania1731.51
Latvia1631.42
Iran1010.85
Estonia920.80
Russia860.75
Yugoslavia860.75
Thailand730.64
Philippines550.48
United Kingdom450.39

Transport

[edit]

Airport

[edit]

Mariehamn Airport serves the city with regular flights operated byFinnair and regional airlines.[16]

Harbours

[edit]

Mariehamn lies on a peninsula with two main harbours, west and east. Both remain ice-free for most of the year and experience minimal tidal variation.[17]

TheWestern Harbour is an international port with daily ferry connections toSweden,Estonia, and mainlandFinland. Because Åland is outside theEU customs zone, ferries call at Mariehamn to enable duty-free sales.

The city has a long maritime tradition. The four-masted barquePommern, now part of theÅland Maritime Museum, is moored in the Western Harbour. TheEastern Harbour hosts one of the largest marinas inScandinavia and the historic Dutch steamerF.P. von Knorring, named after Åland teacher and vicarFrans Peter von Knorring.

Roads

[edit]

Three of Åland’s four main roads begin in Mariehamn:Åland Highway 1 (Main Road 1) toEckerö,Åland Highway 2 (Main Road 2) toSund, andÅland Highway 3 (Main Road 3) toLumparland.[18]

Culture

[edit]

Media

[edit]

Mariehamn is the centre of Åland’s media. Both local newspapers,Ålandstidningen andNya Åland, several radio stations, and the television channelsTV Åland andÅland24 operate from the city.[17]

Libraries and publishing

[edit]

The first public libraries on Åland opened before 1920, and a printing house was founded in 1891. The municipal library, completed in 1989, is known for its modern architecture.

Museums

[edit]

Architecture and landmarks

[edit]

Several buildings in Mariehamn were designed by Finnish architectLars Sonck, including the church of Mariehamn (1927), the main building of theÅland Maritime College (1927), and the town hall (1939).Hilda Hongell also designed wooden houses, though few remain.

The main parish church of Mariehamn is theChurch of St George, opened in 1927, expanded in 1959, and renovated in 1972. The interior features painted wooden ceiling panels by Finnish artist Bruno Tuukkanen and golden mosaics behind the altar illustrating the life of Christ. Decorative items include a ship model,Tjerimaj, and a 37-stop organ built in stages between 1969 and 1982.[19]

Climate

[edit]

Mariehamn has a transitional climate between anoceanic (Cfb) and ahumid continental (Dfb) type, according to theKöppen climate classification. TheBaltic Sea moderates temperature extremes, resulting in mild winters and cool summers.

Summers are cooler than in most ofSweden andFinland, while winters are milder, similar to those on the Swedish coast.[20]

  • Lowest recorded temperature: −32.9 °C (−27.2 °F) in February 1979
  • Highest recorded temperature: 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) in July 1941 and 2022[20]

Data from theFinnish Meteorological Institute provide climate averages for 1991–2020 and historical records since 1914.[21]

Climate data for Mariehamn Airport: 1991-2020 averages and extremes since 1914
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C10.910.517.021.127.129.431.330.725.719.016.611.131.3
Mean daily maximum °C1.00.43.18.013.417.520.820.015.59.65.22.59.8
Daily mean °C−1.3−2.3−0.23.88.913.316.816.111.86.83.20.46.4
Mean daily minimum °C−4.3−5.5−3.7−0.14.08.612.211.67.83.50.6−2.52.7
Record low °C−32.3−32.9−25.0−18.9−6.5−3.20.1−0.5−6.7−11.8−20.0−28.9−32.9
Averageprecipitation mm533538313553527661707159634
Record high °F51.650.962.670.080.884.988.387.378.366.261.952.088.3
Mean daily maximum °F33.832.737.646.456.163.569.468.059.949.341.436.549.5
Daily mean °F29.727.931.638.848.055.962.261.053.244.237.832.743.6
Mean daily minimum °F24.322.125.331.839.247.554.052.946.038.333.127.536.8
Record low °F−26.1−27.2−13.0−2.020.326.232.231.119.910.8−4.0−20.0−27.2
Averageprecipitation inches2.11.41.51.21.42.12.03.02.42.82.82.325
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)1713129101091312161717155
Mean monthlysunshine hours39741302072972963122351639141261,911
Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute[21]

Twin towns

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland

Mariehamn has the following twin towns:[22]

Notable people

[edit]

Images

[edit]
  • Central Mariehamn
    Central Mariehamn
  • Wooden residential buildings in Mariehamn
    Wooden residential buildings in Mariehamn
  • Södragatan
    Södragatan
  • Ålandsvägen
    Ålandsvägen
  • St. George's Church
    St. George's Church
  • Esplanade along Storagatan
    Esplanade along Storagatan
  • Museum ship Pommern
    Museum ship Pommern
  • Åland Museum
    Åland Museum
  • City library
    City library

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Turism – Mariehamns stad" (in Swedish). Mariehamns stad. Archived fromthe original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved23 January 2020.
  2. ^ab"Sjöfartspromenaden: Upptäck Mariehamn till fots"(PDF) (in Swedish). City of Mariehamn. Retrieved21 February 2024.Cite error: The named reference "sjöfartspromenaden" was defined multiple times with different content (see thehelp page).
  3. ^"Mariehamn".Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. RetrievedDecember 28, 2020.
  4. ^"Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008".Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved29 March 2009.
  5. ^Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 171.ISBN 951-773-085-3.
  6. ^"Ahvenanmaan kuntien vaakunat 1947–1987 (I:15) – Maarianhamina" (in Swedish). Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto. Retrieved25 March 2021.
  7. ^Mitä-Missä-Milloin, Kansalaisen vuosikirja 1980 (in Finnish). Otava. 1979. p. 165.
  8. ^"Mariehamn – Visit Åland".Visit Åland. Retrieved2024-02-20.
  9. ^"Tourism in Mariehamn".Discovering Finland. Retrieved2024-02-20.
  10. ^Mann, Robert (2011)."Mariehamn Celebrates".The UBC Bulletin (1). Union of the Baltic Cities: 34. Retrieved2024-12-27.
  11. ^"A town built around shipping".Visit Åland. Visit Åland. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved2024-12-27.
  12. ^Derby, W. L. A. (21 July 1937)."Mariehamn's Grain Fleet".Shipping Wonders of the World. Amalgamated Press:746–749. Archived fromthe original on 2024-01-05. Retrieved2024-12-27.
  13. ^Ranter, Harro."Douglas C-47A OH-LCA accident, Mariehamn Airport (1963)".Aviation Safety Network. Archived fromthe original on 2024-01-05. Retrieved2024-12-27.
  14. ^"Population by year".ÅSUB. Ålands statistik- och utredningsbyrå. Retrieved14 October 2025.
  15. ^"Foreign-born residents by country of birth".Statistics Finland (in Finnish). Archived fromthe original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved26 September 2018.
  16. ^"Mariehamn Airport". Finavia. Retrieved14 October 2025.
  17. ^abProthero, G.W. (1920).The Åland Islands. Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section. p. 5.
  18. ^"Road network in Åland". Ålands landskapsregering. Retrieved14 October 2025.
  19. ^"The Church of St Goran (St George)". Mariehamns Tryckeri Ab. 2011.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url= (help)
  20. ^ab"Suomen maakuntien ilmasto" [The climate of Finland’s regions](PDF) (in Finnish). Finnish Meteorological Institute. 2009. Retrieved14 October 2025.
  21. ^ab"Tilastoja Suomen ilmastosta 1991–2020" [Climatological statistics of Finland 1991–2020](PDF) (in Finnish). Finnish Meteorological Institute. 2021. Retrieved14 October 2025.
  22. ^"Mariehamns stads vänorter".Mariehamns stad (in Swedish). Retrieved14 July 2015.
  23. ^"Dags att avbryta ryskt vänortssamarbete helt?" [Time to completely end Russian twin city cooperation?].Nya Åland (in Swedish). Nya Åland. Retrieved31 March 2023.

External links

[edit]
Coat of arms of Åland
Åland
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mariehamn&oldid=1318407566"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp