 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Marcel Marceau" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Marcel Marceau | |
|---|---|
 Marceau in 1971 | |
| Born | Marcel Mangel (1923-03-22)22 March 1923 Strasbourg, France |
| Died | 22 September 2007(2007-09-22) (aged 84) Cahors, France |
| Resting place | Père Lachaise Cemetery |
| Other names | "Le mime Marceau"[1][2] |
| Alma mater | Charles Dullin's School of Dramatic Art |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1950s–2007 |
| Known for | Bip the Clown |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 4 |
| Relatives | Yardena Arazi (cousin) Georges Loinger (cousin) |
Marcel Marceau (French:[maʁsɛlmaʁso]; bornMarcel Mangel; 22 March 1923 – 22 September 2007) was a Frenchmime artist and actor most famous for his stage persona, "Bip the Clown". He referred to mime as the "art of silence", performing professionally worldwide for more than 60 years.
Marcel Marceau was born on 22 March 1923 inStrasbourg, France, to aJewish family.[citation needed] His father, Charles Mangel, was akosher butcher originally fromBędzin, Poland. His mother, Anne Werzberg, came fromYabluniv, present-dayUkraine. Through his mother's family, he was a cousin of Israeli singerYardena Arazi. When Marcel was four years old, the family moved toLille, but they later returned to England.[citation needed]
After France'sinvasion by Nazi Germany, Marcel, then 17, fled with his family toLimoges. His cousinGeorges Loinger, one of the members of the French Jewish Resistance in France (Organisation Juive de Combat-OJC, akaArmée Juive), urged him to join in order to help rescue Jews during theHolocaust. The OJC, which was composed of nine clandestine Jewish networks, rescued thousands of Jewish children and adults during the war in France.[3]
He was schooled in the Paris suburbs at the home ofYvonne Hagnauer, while pretending to be a worker at the school she directed; Hagnauer would later receive the honor ofRighteous Among the Nations fromYad Vashem. In 1944 Marcel's father was captured by theGestapo and deported to theAuschwitz concentration camp, where he was killed. Marcel's mother survived.[4]
Marcel and his older brother, Alain, adopted the last name "Marceau" during theGerman occupation of France; the name was chosen as a reference toFrançois Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, a general of theFrench Revolution.[5][6] The two brothers joined theFrench Resistance inLimoges. They rescued a number of children from the race laws andconcentration camps in the framework of the Jewish Resistance in France, and, after theliberation of Paris, joined the French army.[5] Owing to Marceau's fluency in English, French, and German, he worked as a liaison officer withGeneral George Patton'sThird Army.[5][7]
According to Marceau, when he was five years of age, his mother took him to see aCharlie Chaplin film, which entranced him and led him to want to become a mime artist. The first time he used mime was after France was invaded, in order to keep Jewish children quiet while he helped them escape to Switzerland.[8]
He gave his first major performance to 3,000 troops after theliberation of Paris in August 1944.[9]
After the war ended in 1945, he enrolled as a student inCharles Dullin's School of Dramatic Art in theSarah Bernhardt Theatre in Paris, where he studied with teachers such as Joshua Smith andÉtienne Decroux[10] andJean-Louis Barrault.[citation needed]
Marceau joinedJean-Louis Barrault's company and was soon cast in the role ofArlequin in a pantomime,Baptiste (which Barrault had interpreted in the filmLes Enfants du Paradis).[11] Marceau's performance won him such acclaim that he was encouraged to present his first "mimodrama",Praxitele and the Golden Fish, at the Bernhardt Theatre that same year. The acclaim was unanimous, and Marceau's career as a mime artist was firmly established.
In 1947 Marceau created Bip the Clown, whom he first played at the Théâtre de Poche (Pocket Theatre) in Paris. In his appearance, he wore a striped pullover and a battered, be-flowered silk opera hat. The outfit signified life's fragility, and Bip became his alter ego, just as the "Little Tramp" had becomeCharlie Chaplin's. Bip's misadventures with everything from butterflies to lions, from ships and trains to dance halls and restaurants, were limitless. As a stylist of pantomime, Marceau was acknowledged to be without peer. Marceau, during a televised talk with Todd Farley, expressed his respect for the mime techniques that Charlie Chaplin used in his films, noting that Chaplin seemed to be the only silent film actor who used mime.[12]
His silent mimed exercises, which includedThe Cage,Walking Against the Wind,The Mask Maker, andIn The Park, all became classic displays. Satires on everything from sculptors to matadors were described as works of genius. Of his summation of the ages of man in the famousYouth, Maturity, Old Age and Death, one critic said: "He accomplishes in less than two minutes what most novelists cannot do in volumes." During an interview withCBS in 1987, Marceau tried to explain some of his inner feelings while creating mime, calling it the "art of silence:"
The art of silence speaks to the soul, like music, making comedy, tragedy, and romance, involvingyou and your life. . . . creating character and space, by making a whole show on stage – showing our lives, our dreams, our expectations.[13]
In 1949, following his receipt of theDeburau Prize (established as a memorial to the 19th-century mime masterJean-Gaspard Deburau) for his second mimodrama,Death before Dawn, Marceau founded Compagnie de Mime Marcel Marceau, the only company dedicated to the art of pantomime in the world at the time. The ensemble played the leading Paris theatres, such as LeThéâtre des Champs-Élysées, Le Théâtre de la Renaissance, and the Bernhardt Theatre, as well as other playhouses throughout the world.
From 1959 to 1960, a retrospective of his mimodramas, includingThe Overcoat byGogol, ran for a full year at the Amibigu Théâtre in Paris. He produced 15 other mimodramas, includingPierrot de Montmartre,The Three Wigs,The Pawn Shop,14 July,The Wolf of Tsu Ku Mi,Paris Cries — Paris Laughs andDon Juan (adapted from the Spanish writerTirso de Molina).
Marceau performed all over the world to spread the "art of silence" (L'art du silence). It was the intellectual minority who knew of him until he first toured the United States in 1955 and 1956, close on the heels of his North American debut at theStratford Festival of Canada. After his opening engagement at thePhoenix Theater inNew York, which received rave reviews, he moved to the largerBarrymore Theater to accommodate the public demand. This first U.S. tour ended with a record-breaking return to standing-room-only crowds in San Francisco, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and other major cities. His extensive transcontinental tours included South America, Africa, Australia, China, Japan, South East Asia,Taiwan, Russia, and Europe. His last world tour covered the United States in 2004, and he returned to Europe in 2005 and to Australia in 2006. He was one of the world's most renowned mime artists.[14]
Marceau's art became familiar to millions through his multiple television appearances. His first television performance as a star performer on the Max Liebman,Mike Douglas andDinah Shore, and he also had his one-man show entitled "Meet Marcel Marceau". He teamed withRed Skelton in three concerts of pantomimes.
Marceau also showed his versatility in motion pictures such as Professor Ping inBarbarella (1968);First Class (1970), in which he played 17 roles;Shanks (1974), where he combined his silent art, playing a deaf and mute puppeteer, and his speaking talent, as a mad scientist; and a cameo as himself inMel Brooks'Silent Movie (1976), in which, with intentional irony, his character has the only audible speaking part, uttering the single word "Non!" when Brooks asks him (viaintertitle) if he would participate in the film.[15] His last film appearances included small roles inKlaus Kinski'sPaganini (1989) andJoseph's Gift (1998). He also had a role in a low-budget film roughly based on his life story calledPaint It White. The film was never completed because another actor in the movie, a lifelong friend[who?] with whom he had attended school, died halfway through filming.
.jpg)
As an author, Marceau published two books for children, theMarcel Marceau Alphabet Book and theMarcel Marceau Counting Book, and poetry and illustrations, includingLa ballade de Paris et du Monde (The Ballad of Paris and the World), an art book which he wrote in 1966, andThe Story of Bip, written and illustrated by Marceau and published by Harper and Row. In 1974, he posed for artist Kenneth Hari and worked on paintings and drawings that resulted in a book and artwork in a number of museum collections. In 1982,Le Troisième Œil, (The Third Eye), his collection of ten original lithographs, was published in Paris with an accompanying text by Marceau. Belfond of Paris publishedPimporello in 1987. In 2001, a new photo book for children titledBip in a Book, published by Stewart, Tabori & Chang, appeared in bookstores in the U.S., France, and Australia.
In 1969, Marcel Marceau opened his first school, École Internationale de Mime, in the Théàtre de la Musique in Paris. The school was open for two years with fencing, acrobatics, ballet, and five teachers of mime. In 1978, Marceau established his school, École Internationale de Mimodrame de Paris, Marcel Marceau (International School of Mimodrame of Paris, Marcel Marceau). In 1996, he established the Marceau Foundation to promote mime in the United States.
In 1995, pop megastarMichael Jackson, who had been friends with Marceau for nearly 20 years, planned a concert together with him forHBO, but the concert was canceled after Jackson was hospitalized for exhaustion during rehearsals. Jackson, during an interview, said that he had always been "in awe" at Marceau's skill as a performer:
He was a great guy. I used to go see Marcel Marceau all of the time, before Off the Wall. I used to sneak in and sit in the audience and watch how he would defy the laws of gravity like he was stepping on air. I would take some of those things and include it into rhythm and dance when I move.[16][17]
In 2000, Marceau brought his full mime company to New York City to present his new melodrama,The Bowler Hat, previously seen in Paris, London, Tokyo, Taipei, Caracas, Santo Domingo, Valencia (Venezuela), and Munich. From 1999, when Marceau returned with his classic solo show to New York and San Francisco after 15-year absences for critically acclaimed sold-out runs, his career in America enjoyed a remarkable renaissance with strong appeal to a third generation. He later appeared to overwhelming acclaim for extended engagements at such legendary American theaters as TheFord's Theatre in Washington, D.C., theAmerican Repertory Theater inCambridge, Massachusetts, and theGeffen Playhouse in Los Angeles demonstrating the timeless appeal of the work and the mastery of this unique artist.[citation needed]
Marceau's new total company productionLes Contes Fantastiques (Fantasy Tales) opened to great acclaim at theThéâtre Antoine in Paris.[citation needed]
Marceau was made a commander of theOrdre des Arts et des Lettres, an Officer of theLégion d'honneur, and in 1978 he received theMédaille Vermeil de la Ville de Paris.[18] The City of Paris awarded him a grant which enabled him to reopen his International School which offered a three-year curriculum. In November 1998, PresidentJacques Chirac made Marceau a grand officer of theOrdre national du Mérite.[citation needed]
Marceau was an elected member of theAcademy of Fine Arts Berlin, theAcademy of Fine Arts Munich, theAcadémie des Beaux-Arts of theInstitut de France.[citation needed]
Marceau held honorary doctorates fromOhio State University,Linfield College,Princeton University and theUniversity of Michigan.[citation needed] In April 2001, Marceau was awarded theWallenberg Medal by the University of Michigan in recognition of his humanitarianism and acts of courage aiding Jewish people and other refugees during World War II.[citation needed]
In 1999 New York City declared 18 March "Marcel Marceau Day".[citation needed]
Marceau accepted the honor and responsibilities of serving as Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Second World Assembly on Aging, which took place inMadrid, Spain, in April 2002.[citation needed]
On 22 March 2023, Google celebrated his 100th birthday with aGoogle Doodle.[19]
Marceau was married three times: first to Huguette Mallet, with whom he had two sons, Michel and Baptiste, then, to Ella Jaroszewicz, with whom he had no children. His third wife was Anne Sicco, with whom he had two daughters, Camille and Aurélia.[20]
Artist and fellow mimePaulette Frankl released a memoir in August 2014 about her decades-long relationship with Marceau,Marcel & Me: A Memoir of Love, Lust, and Illusion.[21]
Marceau died in a retirement home inCahors, France, on 22 September 2007 at the age of 84. At his burial ceremony, the second movement of Mozart'sPiano Concerto No. 21 (which Marceau long used as an accompaniment for an elegant mime routine) was played, as was thesarabande of Bach'sCello Suite No. 5. Marceau was interred at thePère Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.[22]
In the recorded conversationMarcel Marceau Speaks,[when?] recorded in English with the writerWilliam Fifield, Marcel Marceau traced the history of mime and discussed his own role in its renewed popularity. Calling mime the art of "making the invisible visible," he shared how he developed his signature character, Bip.[citation needed]
Marceau wrote and illustrated the storyPimporello, which was adapted and edited by Robert Hammond and published in 1991.[23] He also wrote thepreface to Frenchhigh wire artistPhilippe Petit's 1985 book,On The High Wire.[24][better source needed], and theforeword toStefan Niedziałkowski's and Jonathan Winslow's 1993 book,Beyond the Word—the World of Mime.[25]
Jan Dalman, the Dutch husband of Australian choreographer and dancerElizabeth Cameron Dalman, was one of few photographers who was permitted by Marceau to take photographs of him from the stage while he was performing on his Australian tour. During his later life, Dalman carefully chose a selection of his best photos of the mime, wishing to publish a book to honour Marceau. After Jan's death, Elizabeth and their son Andreas Dalman published his photographs in a volume titledOut of silence – Marcel Marceau.[26] The text appears in English and in French translation.[27]
The 2020 filmResistance is a biographical film directed by directed byJonathan Jakubowicz, inspired by Marceau's life, in whichJesse Eisenberg plays Marceau.[28]
Marceau appeared in several films, including:
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | La Bague | short film byAlain Resnais | |
| 1954 | Pantomimes | short film byPaul Paviot | |
| 1959 | Die schöne Lügnerin [de] | Napoleon im Kabarett | French/German production |
| 1965 | Marcel Marceau, le Baladin du silence | film byDominique Delouche | |
| 1967 | His name was Robert | cameo | film by Ilya Olshvanger |
| 1968 | Barbarella | Professor Ping | The first time Marceau's voice is heard on film |
| 1974 | Shanks | Malcolm Shanks / Old Walker | Shanks is deaf-mute. Walker speaks little and dies early in the film. Marceau also choreographed the puppet-like movements in the film. |
| 1976 | Silent Movie | Marcel Marceau | Marceau pronounces just one word, "non" – the only spoken word in the entire film |
| 1979 | Les Îles | Director of the IGN | |
| 1994 | Marcel Marceau ou le poids de l'âme | by Marcel Marceau, Alain Dhénaut, Jean-Pierre Burgaud / La Sept Vidéo |
