 Entrance of the monastery (1999) | |
  Location within Iraq | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Syriac Catholic Church (1790–98; from 1839) Syriac Orthodox Church (until 1790; 1798–1819) |
| Established | 4th century |
| Dedicated to | Mar Behnam, Mart Sara |
| People | |
| Founder | Sinharib |
| Site | |
| Location | nearBeth Khdeda |
| Coordinates | 36°08′16″N43°24′23″E / 36.137778°N 43.406389°E /36.137778; 43.406389 |
Monastery of the Martyrs Mar Behnam and Marth Sarah (Syriac:ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܒܗܢܡ ܘܡܪܬ ܣܪܐ,Arabic:دير مار بهنام,Mar Behnam Monastery), was aSyriac Orthodox till 19th century and it is aSyriac Catholic monastery in northernIraq in the villageKhidr Ilyas close to the town ofBeth Khdeda.[1] The tomb of Mar Benham was heavily damaged on March 19, 2015, by theIslamic State, and the exterior murals were desecrated in all of the monastery's buildings.[citation needed] Repair work restoring the monastery and the tomb of Mar Behnam to its pre-ISIS condition was completed by early December 2018.[2]
The monastery was according to legend built in the 4th century by a king namedSenchareb as penance for martyring his sonMar Behnam and daughter Sarah after they converted to Christianity.[3]
After its establishment, the monastery was part of theChurch of the East up until the 14th century as evidenced byMongolic inscriptions left by Mongolian Christian pilgrims in the 1200s, and contributed greatly to the Christian world under the care of theSyriac Orthodox Church. Inscriptions on sculptures in the church show that renovations were made to the monastery in 1164 and between 1250 and 1261. Records show that the monastery suffered greatly during the period from 1743 to 1790 due to attacks carried out byNader Shah and laterPersian Muslim rulers against the Christians in the region.[4]
The monks of the monastery established contact with theCatholic Church in Rome in the late 18th century seeking protection against Nader Khan, which led to the gradual conversion of the inhabitants ofBakhdida to theSyriac Catholic Church.[5]
In 1790 the monastery was taken over by the Catholic Church and was managed for eight years until the Syriac Orthodox church retook it. For unknown reasons, the monks abandoned the monastery in 1819—likely due to the loss of their flock in that region. The Syriac Catholic Church resumed possession of the monastery, and repopulated it in 1839; it has continued in this state to the present time with the exception of a three-year abandonment as a result of the2014 ISIS invasions.
The monastery is the former residence and present resting place of a number ofSyriac Orthodox Patriarchs.[5]
The monastery was renovated in 1986, and was visited by thousands of Christians and Muslims yearly untilISIS took control of the area.[3]
During the2014 Northern Iraq offensive,jihadist troops ofIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant took control of the monastery.[6] The troops removedcrosses from the monastery,[7] threatened monks with execution and then expelled the monks with nothing but the clothes on their backs.[8] On March 19, 2015, Islamic State released photos showing the blowing up of the historic tomb ofSaint Behnam.[9] After more than 2 years of occupation, the monastery and its surrounding area was liberated byIraqi Security Forces on November 20, 2016.[10]
Repair work restoring the monastery and the tomb of Mar Behnam to its pre-ISIS condition was completed by early December 2018.[2]
Media related toMar Behnam Monastery at Wikimedia Commons
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