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| Maqsud Shah مقصود شاه | |
|---|---|
| Khan of theKumul Khanate | |
| Khan of theKumul Khanate | |
| Reign | c. 1882 – 6 June 1930 |
| Predecessor | Muhammad Shah |
| Successor | (Position abolished) Nasir Shah as Titular Khan |
| Born | c. 1864 Kumul Khanate |
| Died | 6 June 1930 (aged around 65–66) Kumul Khanate |
| Issue | Nasir Shah A daughter |
| House | Chagatai |
| Father | Sehzade Ahmad Khan |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Maqsud Shah[a] (c. 1864–1930), was the UyghurJasagh Prince (Qinwang) of theKumul Khanate inChina from 1882 to 1930, he was the final ruler from theBorjigid dynasty.
Maqsud Shah was the Khan ofKumul from 1882 to 1930, and served as the eleventh generational ruler of the Khanate.
Maqsud's family was descended fromChaghatai Khan and had ruled the area since the time of theYuan dynasty, though by the 20th century all the other Khanates in Turkestan had disintegrated.His lineage to Chagatai Khan son ofGenghis Khan is as follows: Qinwang Jasagh Shah Maqsud Khan son of Sehzade Ahmad Khan (brother of Maqsud's uncle Muhammad Shah) son of Hezhuo Qinwang Duolo Junwang Shah Bashir Khan son of Junwang Pinji Jasagh Duoluo Beile Shah Ardashir Khan son of Junwang Pinji Jasagh Duoluo Beile Shah Ishaq Khan son of Jasagh Zhenguo Gong Junwang Pinji Duoluo Beile Shah Yusuf Khan son of Jasagh Darhan Zhenguo Gong Gushan Beizi Shah Emin Khan son of Jasagh Darhan Shah Gapur Beg Khan son of Jasagh Darhan Shah Abdullah Beg Khan son of Emir Muhammad Shah-i-Beg Tarkhan son of Sultan Ahmad Pulat Khan son of Sultan Timur Khan son ofShah Shuja Al-Din Ahmad Khan son ofSultan Muhammad Khan son ofSultan Abdul Rashid Khan son ofSultan Said Khan son ofSultan Ahmad Alaq Khan son ofSultan Yunus Khan son ofSultan Uwais Khan son ofSher Ali Oglan Khan Khuu son ofMuhammad Khan son ofKhizr Khwaja Khan son ofTughlugh Timur Khan son ofEsen Buqa Khan son ofDuwa Khan son ofGhiyath Al-Din Baraq Khan son ofYesuntoa Khan Khuu son ofMutukan Khan Khuu son ofChagatai Khagan son ofTemujin Chinggis Khagan.
Maqsud spoke Turkic in a Chinese accent and often wore Chinese clothing,[1] and also spoke fluent Chinese.[2] He reputedly drank copious amounts of alcohol and did not allow anyone to take pictures of him.[3]
Maqsud Shah succeeded his uncle Muhammad Shah in 1882 as ruler of theKumul Khanate. The Khans were officially vassals of theQing Dynasty, and every six years were required to visit Beijing to be a servant to the Emperor for a period of 40 days.[4][5]Unlike the rest ofXinjiang which was subjected to state-encouraged settlement, the Kumul Khanate was not opened to settlement by Han Chinese.[6] He sent melons as tribute to the Emperor.[7]
Twenty oneBegs administered Kumul under the Khan, and he received 1,200 taels in silver from the Xinjiang government after he sent tribute.
In 1912, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown in theXinhai Revolution and replaced by theRepublic of China, which promptly appointedYang Zengxin as the new Governor of Xinjiang. Yang was a monarchist and supported the Khanate and as a result the Khanate's status as a vassal was undisturbed.
When Yang Zengxin was assassinated in 1928, the warlord governorJin Shuren succeeded him as the governor of Xinjiang, whose period of rule was marked by strife, corruption, and ethnic intolerance.
Upon Maqsud Shah's death in 1930 GovernorJin Shuren replaced the Khanate with the three provincial administrative districts of Hami, Yihe, and Yiwu. Maqsud Shah's son and designated heir Nasir[8] was not permitted to succeed him to the throne, and the succeeding events set off theKumul Rebellion[9] with the assistance ofYulbars Khan, who served as Maqsud's chancellor at court.[10]