| River Mapocho | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The Mapocho crossingProvidencia district (looking east) | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Chile |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • coordinates | 33°22′25″S70°23′49″W / 33.3735°S 70.397°W /-33.3735; -70.397 |
| • elevation | 1,200 to 252 m (3,937 to 827 ft)[2] |
| Mouth | |
• location | Maipo River |
• coordinates | 33°26′37″S70°49′26″W / 33.44367°S 70.82392°W /-33.44367; -70.82392 |
| Length | 110 km (68 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 4,230 km2 (1,630 sq mi)[1] |
TheRiver Mapocho (Spanish:Río Mapocho) (Mapudungun:Mapu chuco, "water that penetrates the land") is a river inChile. It flows from its source in theAndes mountains onto the west and divides Chile's capitalSantiago in two.
The Mapocho begins at the confluence of the San Francisco River and Molina River in theAndes. The main tributary of the former is Yerba Loca Creek, which drains the protected area that bears its same name. Molina River is fed by Iver Glacier, which lies onCerro El Plomo. A few kilometres westward from its source, the Mapocho receives the waters of the Arrayán Creek and enters to the urban area of Santiago.
The last western spurs of the Andes in this area force a change in the direction of the river, making that it begin to flow toward the south. In the vicinity ofCerro San Cristóbal and just to the side of theCostanera Center project, the river collects the waters of theCanal San Carlos. From here, the river flows in a generally southwesterly direction toPlaza Baquedano area, which is a focal point of the city and the site where formerly the Mapocho split into two branches. The southern branch was turned into a promenade during the early years of the republic, and is now theAvenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins avenue.
The river then turns northwest. In this portion of its course, some of the most meaningful landmarks of the city, arose along its southern bank. Those include theParque Forestal, theMuseo Nacional de Bellas Artes, theMercado Central and theEstación Mapocho. Farther northwest, two highway bridges connect the north and south sides of the river, which are part of the two branches of theAutopista Central.
Approximately at the longitude of the summit ofCerro Renca, the Mapocho changes its northwesterly flow to a southwesterly direction. From the southern portion ofArturo Merino Benítez International Airport, the river turns south, to its outfall into theMaipo River.
Until the 19th century, the river was the north border of Santiago, hence it was the arrival place for trains from north Chile, at theEstación Mapocho, later also the bus station to the north. Also theVega Central, the main business place for provisioning Santiago with foods as well as theMercado Central. Until the first half of the 20th century the (channeled) riverbed was meeting point of homeless people and petty criminals.
Since the 1970s the walls of the "channel" in Santiago, seen daily by thousands "Santiaguinos" have been used for political propaganda. Every year aHazingRegatta sails the river downwards during the celebrations of the beginning of the year at theUniversity of Chile.
In March 2009, only 68% of the wastewater in Santiago was treated,[3] though this increased to 81% by the end of the year.
The Mapocho remains contaminated by household, agricultural and industrial sewage, and by upstream copper-mining waste (from the several copper mines in the Andes, east of Santiago), being dumped unfiltered into the river.[4] Laws force industry and local governments to process all their wastewater, but are loosely enforced.[5] There are now a number of large wastewater processing and recycling plants under construction. There are ongoing plans to decontaminate the river[6] and make it navigable.[7]
In April 2016, following heavy rain, the swollen river flooded property in Santiago and contaminated the drinking water supply for millions of people.[8]
permitirá pasar del 68 al 81% en el tratamiento de las aguas servidas
se calcula que sólo el 77% de las industrias del país cumple con la norma de RILES existente
Proyecto Mapocho Urbano Limpio
