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Mao language (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
Not to be confused withMao languages orSouthern Mao language.

Mao
Sopvoma, Emela, Mao' La
Pronunciationmau
Native toIndia
RegionNagaland,Manipur
EthnicityMao Naga,Poumai Naga
Native speakers
240,205 (2011 census)[1]
Sino-Tibetian
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
India
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
nbi – Mao
pmx – Poumei Naga
Glottolognaga1397
ELPMao Naga
Part ofa series on
Naga people
Ethnic groups
Languages

Mao, also known asSopvoma, is aSino-Tibetan language of theAngami–Pochuri linguistic sub-branch.[2] It is spoken primarily inSenapati district, northwesternManipur and inNagaland,India. It is similar toAngami.[3]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptk
aspirated(t̪ʰ)
voicedb(ɡ)
Affricatevoicelessp͡ft͡st͡ʃ
aspirated(p͡fʰ)t͡ʃʰ
voicedb͡vd͡zd͡ʒ
Fricativevoicelessfsʃh
voicedvzʒ
Nasalmnŋ
Trillvoicedr
voicelessʰr̥
Laterall
Approximant(w)j
  • /t͡ʃʰ/ and /w/ only rarely occur, and with /t͡ʃʰ/ only occurring in word-initial position.
  • The pre-aspirated voiceless /ʰr̥/, may have a word-initial allophone of[ʂ], [ʂ] rarely occurs phonemically.
  • [ɡ] only occurs marginally from loanwords.
  • /t̪, p͡f/ in word-initial position may be heard as [t̪ʰ, p͡fʰ] in free variation, rarely as phonemic.
  • /h/ may have an allophone of[x] word-initially, word medially in free variation. [x] rarely occurs as a phoneme.
  • /m/ before a central vowel /ɨ/ can have an allophone of a labiodental[ɱ].
  • /n/ before high vowel sounds can have an allophone of a palatalized[].

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiɨu
Mide(ə)o
Opena
  • [ə] only occurs inter-morphemically.
  • /ɨ/ can be heard as rounded [ʉ] in free variation.
  • In word-initial position, /i, u/ can be lowered to [ɪ, ʊ].
  • /e, o/ can be lowered to [ɛ, ɔ] in word-final position.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011".censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved7 July 2018.
  2. ^"Mao (Naga) language and alphabet".omniglot.com. Retrieved15 April 2023.
  3. ^"Mao (Naga) language and alphabet".omniglot.com. Retrieved15 April 2023.
  4. ^Giridhar, P. P. (1994).Mao Naga Grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Sino-Tibetan branches
WesternHimalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim)
Greater Magaric
Map of Sino-Tibetan languages
EasternHimalayas
(Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal)
Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border
Naga
Sal
East andSoutheast Asia
Burmo-Qiangic
Dubious (possible
isolates,Arunachal)
Greater Siangic
Proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
Kuki-Chin
Northwestern
Northeastern
Central
Maraic
Khomic
Southern
Naga
Ao (Central Naga)
Angami–Pochuri
Tangkhulic
Zemeic (Western Naga)
Meitei
Karbic
Arunachal
Pradesh
Sal
Tani
Other
Assam
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan
Kuki-Chin
Sal
Tani
Zeme
Other
Kra-Dai
Manipur
Kuki-Chin
Northern
Other
Zeme
Other
Meghalaya
Kuki-Chin
Khasic
Other
Mizoram
Nagaland
Sino-
Tibetan
Angami-
Pochuri
Ao
Sal
Zeme
Other
Other
Sikkim
Tripura
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan


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