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Campos Sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Official portrait, 1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 15 November 1898 – 15 November 1902 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice President | Rosa e Silva | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Prudente de Morais | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Rodrigues Alves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales (1841-02-15)15 February 1841 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 28 June 1913(1913-06-28) (aged 72) Santos, São Paulo, Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Liberal (1863–1873) PRP (1873–1913) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | Faculty of Law of Largo de São Francisco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Signature |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation:[manuˈɛwfeˈʁazdʒiˈkɐ̃pusˈsalis]; 15 February 1841 – 28 June 1913) was a Brazilianlawyer,coffee farmer, andpolitician who served as the fourthpresident of Brazil.
He was born in the city ofCampinas,São Paulo, descended from a rich family of coffee planters.[1] He graduated as a lawyer from theFaculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco, São Paulo, in 1863. He served as a provincial deputy of the state assembly of São Paulo three times, (1868-1869, 1882-1883, 1888-1889). He was a signatory of theRepublican Manifesto of 1870, and one of the founders of thePaulista Republican Party (PRP). In 1888, he became president of the PRP Central Committee. After theProclaimation of the Republic, he was chosen byDeodoro da Fonseca to be Minister of justice (1889–1891), and senator and governor ofSão Paulo (1896–1897). In 1898,he was elected president of Brazil.[1]
Austere financial reforms were adopted during his tenure under Minister of FinanceJoaquim Murtinho.[2] Unpopular economic reforms such as introduction of paper money and the increase of taxes were introduced during his presidency. He obtained a funding loan from Britain, which suspended the interest charge from previous loans. He also created the political system known as theGovernors Policy [pt], in which politics would be controlled by dominated by smaller political groups in each states, and created the Verification of Powers, a commission which had authority to supervise elections and ensure a favourable environment for the election of pro-government candidates.[1] He created theInstituto de Manguinhos (now theOswaldo Cruz Foundation), which was mainly focused on the creation of vaccines against the bubonic plague.[3] During his trip to Argentina from October 1900 to November 1900, his vice president,Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva, assumed the duty of president.[1]
In 1909, he was elected Senator for Sao Paulo and held the position until 1913. He was alsoMinister Plenipotentiary to Argentina (1912).
He died in São Paulo on 28 June 1913 from acerebral embolism.[4]
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| Preceded by | President of Brazil 1898–1902 | Succeeded by |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by | President ofSão Paulo 1896–1897 | Succeeded by Fernando Prestes de Albuquerque as President |
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