| Manubaran | |
|---|---|
| Mount Brown | |
| Geographic distribution | Mount Brown, southeastern peninsula ofPapua New Guinea: Central Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | manu1261 |
TheManubaran languages are a small family ofTrans–New Guinea languages spoken aroundMount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within theSoutheast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
The languages areDoromu andMaria, and are 63% lexically similar.
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]
| *m | *n | |||
| *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| *b | *d | *g | ||
| *s | [*h] | |||
| *w | *ɾ | *j |
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]
| sg | pl | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | *na | *[o/u]na |
| 2 | *ja | |
| 3 | *ina | |
Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:[2]
| gloss | Proto-Mount Brown | Proto-Doromu-Koki | Proto-Gebi | Proto-Maria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | *ada | *ada | ada | *ada |
| hair/feather(s) | *u[w]e[t/k]a | *u[w]eta | uweta | *u[w]eʔa |
| ear | *anema | *anema | anema | *anema |
| eye | *ne | *ne | ne-una | ne[ʔ]una |
| nose | *uɾuma | *uɾuma | uruma | *uɾuma |
| tooth | *gade | *gade | gadi | *gade |
| tongue | *api[j]e | *aɸi[j]e | api | *aɸi[j]e |
| blood | *daweʔa | *dawaʔa | dawa | *daweʔa |
| bone | *nena | *nena | nena | *nena |
| skin/bark | *ɾoʔo | *ɾoʔo | lo-o | *ɾoʔo |
| breast | *sisu | *sisu | sisu | *hihu |
| louse | *gu[w]e | *gu[w]e | gu-e | *gu[w]e |
| dog | *auna | *auna | auna | *auna |
| pig | *dona | *dona | dona | *dona |
| bird | *eɾena | *eɾena | eerma | *eɾena |
| egg | *unema | *unema | unema | *unema |
| tree | *jabo | *jabo | iabo | *jabo |
| man/husband | *ami[j]e | *ami[j]e | amie | *ami[j]e |
| woman/wife | *ɾema | *ɾema | lema | |
| sun | *me[i]daʔa | *me[i]daʔa | meda | *me[i]daʔa |
| moon | *ejoʔa | *ejoʔo | e-io | *ejoʔa |
| water/river | *koɾu | *koɾu | oru ≈ koro- | *ʔoɾu |
| fire | *ita | *ita | ita | *iha |
| stone | *waʔiga | waiga | *waʔiga | |
| path | *ida | *ida | ida | |
| name | *ɾoka | *ɾoka | *ɾoʔa | |
| eat/drink | *iɾi- | *iɾi- | *iɾi- | |
| one | *jokohi | *jokoi | jokio | *joʔohi |
| two | *[ɾ/j]ema | *[ɾ]ema | lema | *jema |
The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions byMalcolm Ross (2014)[3][4][5] are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]
| gloss | Proto-Manubaran | Proto-Doromu | Proto-Maria |
|---|---|---|---|
| head | *ada | *ada | *ada |
| hair | *weʔia | *ue-ta | *ueʔa |
| ear | *ane-ma | *ane-ma | *ane-ma |
| eye | *ne(u) | *ne(-) | *ne- |
| nose | *uru-ma | *uru-ma | *uru-ma |
| tooth | *gade | *gade | *gade |
| tongue | *afie | *afie | *ahie |
| leg | *[n,y]u-ka | *yu-ka | *nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa |
| louse | *gue | *gue | *gue |
| dog | *auna | *auna | *auna |
| pig | *Dona | *dona | *tona |
| bird | *erena | *erena | *erena |
| egg | *une-ma | *une-ma | *une-ma |
| blood | *tava | *tae(k,ʔ)a | |
| bone | *nena | *nena | *nena |
| skin | *roʔ(o,a) | *ro(a) | *roʔ(o,a) |
| tree | *yabo | *yabo | *yabo |
| man | *amie | *amie | *amie |
| woman | *rema | *oue | |
| sky | *gure | *gure | *gure |
| sun | *maida(ka) | *meida(ka) | *maidaʔa |
| moon | *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) | *eoʔa | |
| water | *koru | *koru | *ʔoru |
| fire | *ita | *ita | *ita |
| stone | *fore | *vaʔiga | |
| name | *roka | *roka | *roʔa-ba |
| eat | *iri- | *iri | *iri- |
| one | *yokohi | *yokoima | *yoʔohi |
| two | *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] | *re-manu | *ye-ma |
Maria reflexes ofproto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[7]