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Manubaran languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language Family
Manubaran
Mount Brown
Geographic
distribution
Mount Brown, southeastern peninsula ofPapua New Guinea:
Central Province
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Language codes
Glottologmanu1261

TheManubaran languages are a small family ofTrans–New Guinea languages spoken aroundMount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within theSoutheast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages

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The languages areDoromu andMaria, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language

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Phonemes

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Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]

*m*n
*p*t*k
*b*d*g
*s[*h]
*w*j

Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

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Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]

sgpl
1*na*[o/u]na
2*ja
3*ina

Basic vocabulary

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Usher (2020)

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Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:[2]

glossProto-Mount BrownProto-Doromu-KokiProto-GebiProto-Maria
head*ada*adaada*ada
hair/feather(s)*u[w]e[t/k]a*u[w]etauweta*u[w]eʔa
ear*anema*anemaanema*anema
eye*ne*nene-unane[ʔ]una
nose*uɾuma*uɾumauruma*uɾuma
tooth*gade*gadegadi*gade
tongue*api[j]e*aɸi[j]eapi*aɸi[j]e
blood*daweʔa*dawaʔadawa*daweʔa
bone*nena*nenanena*nena
skin/bark*ɾoʔo*ɾoʔolo-o*ɾoʔo
breast*sisu*sisusisu*hihu
louse*gu[w]e*gu[w]egu-e*gu[w]e
dog*auna*aunaauna*auna
pig*dona*donadona*dona
bird*eɾena*eɾenaeerma*eɾena
egg*unema*unemaunema*unema
tree*jabo*jaboiabo*jabo
man/husband*ami[j]e*ami[j]eamie*ami[j]e
woman/wife*ɾema*ɾemalema
sun*me[i]daʔa*me[i]daʔameda*me[i]daʔa
moon*ejoʔa*ejoʔoe-io*ejoʔa
water/river*koɾu*koɾuoru ≈ koro-*ʔoɾu
fire*ita*itaita*iha
stone*waʔigawaiga*waʔiga
path*ida*idaida
name*ɾoka*ɾoka*ɾoʔa
eat/drink*iɾi-*iɾi-*iɾi-
one*jokohi*jokoijokio*joʔohi
two*[ɾ/j]ema*[ɾ]emalema*jema

Ross (2014)

[edit]

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions byMalcolm Ross (2014)[3][4][5] are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]

glossProto-ManubaranProto-DoromuProto-Maria
head*ada*ada*ada
hair*weʔia*ue-ta*ueʔa
ear*ane-ma*ane-ma*ane-ma
eye*ne(u)*ne(-)*ne-
nose*uru-ma*uru-ma*uru-ma
tooth*gade*gade*gade
tongue*afie*afie*ahie
leg*[n,y]u-ka*yu-ka*nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa
louse*gue*gue*gue
dog*auna*auna*auna
pig*Dona*dona*tona
bird*erena*erena*erena
egg*une-ma*une-ma*une-ma
blood*tava*tae(k,ʔ)a
bone*nena*nena*nena
skin*roʔ(o,a)*ro(a)*roʔ(o,a)
tree*yabo*yabo*yabo
man*amie*amie*amie
woman*rema*oue
sky*gure*gure*gure
sun*maida(ka)*meida(ka)*maidaʔa
moon*e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?)*eoʔa
water*koru*koru*ʔoru
fire*ita*ita*ita
stone*fore*vaʔiga
name*roka*roka*roʔa-ba
eat*iri-*iri*iri-
one*yokohi*yokoima*yoʔohi
two*(ye)(ka)ma[nu]*re-manu*ye-ma

Evolution

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Maria reflexes ofproto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[7]

  • ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
  • baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa
  • kuyaucassowary’ < *ku(y)a
  • ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda

References

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  1. ^New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range[permanent dead link]
  2. ^abcNew Guinea World, Mount Brown
  3. ^Ross, Malcolm. 2014.Proto-Manubaran.TransNewGuinea.org.
  4. ^Ross, Malcolm. 2014.Proto-Maria.TransNewGuinea.org.
  5. ^Ross, Malcolm. 2014.Proto-Doromu.TransNewGuinea.org.
  6. ^Greenhill, Simon (2016)."TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved2020-11-05.
  7. ^Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196.ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Further reading

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External links

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Koiarian
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isolates
Based onPalmer 2018 classification
Trans–New Guinea
subgroups
CentralPapua, Indonesia
SoutheastPapua, Indonesia
SouthwestPapua New Guinea
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EasternNusantara
families and isolates
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families and isolates
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Gulf of Papua and southernNew Guinea
families and isolates
Bismarck Archipelago andSolomon Islands
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Proposed groupings
Proto-language
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