| Mantsi | |
|---|---|
| mã53 tsi53 | |
| Pronunciation | [mã˥˧tsi˥˧] |
| Native to | China,Vietnam |
| Ethnicity | 4,800Lo Lo (2019)[1] |
Native speakers | 1,100 (2002)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Yi script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nty (all dialects) |
| Glottolog | mant1265 Mantsi |
Mantsi (autonym:mã53tsi53; also calledLô Lô,Flowery Lolo,White Lolo orBlack Lolo, is aLolo-Burmese language. Speakers are mostly located inHà Giang Province,Vietnam. InChina, speakers are classified as a subgroup of theYi people. In Vietnam they are calledLô Lô and is classified as one of the official 54ethnic groups in Vietnam.
Mantsi may be related to theKathu (Kasu, Gasu) andMo'ang (mɯaŋ˥˩) languages ofWenshan Prefecture,Yunnan, China (Edmondson 2003). Lama (2012) concludes that Mantsi (Mondzi) andMaang constitute the most divergent branch of theLolo-Burmese languages.
Monji orMondzi is reportedly spoken in some villages of Muyang Township,Funing County,Yunnan, China.
Munji is reportedly spoken by the Flowery Yi (Lolo) ofDonggan (董干) Town,Malipo County, Yunnan. It is closely related to the Mandzi or Mantsi language of the Flowery Lolo and Black Lolo people of Vietnam and of the White Lolo people of Funing Country. The Red Lolo and Flowery Lolo live across the border inĐồng Văn district,Hà Giang province of Vietnam. Both speak similar languages. The language spoken by the Red Lolo was investigated byJerold A. Edmondson in the late 1990s.
The Lô Lô ethnic group of northern Vietnam consists of 3,134 people in Hà Giang and Cao Bằng, also including some inMường Khương District ofLào Cai Province. They are also known as Mùn Di, Di, Màn Di, La La, Qua La, Ô Man, and Lu Lộc Màn.[2]
Phonology of Mondzi:[4]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿʣ | ⁿdʐ | ⁿʥ | ᵑg |
| voiced | b | d | ʣ | dʐ | ʥ | g | |
| voiceless | p | t | ʦ | tʂ | ʨ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʦʰ | tʂʰ | ʨʰ | kʰ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | |
| voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | ||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
[ŋ] can appear only as acoda.
Mondzi also has threeconsonant clusters: [lg], [lk], [lkʰ].
| Front | Non-front | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| Syllabic | loose | ɿ | ||
| tight | ɿ̠ | |||
| Close | i | u | ||
| Close-mid | e | ø | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | ɑ | ||
| a | e | e̠ | ɛ | ɛ̠ | o | ɔ | u | i | ɑ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | ia | ie | ie̠ | iɛ | iɛ̠ | io | iɔ | iu | ||
| y | yi | |||||||||
| u | ue | ui | uɑ | |||||||
| e | ei |
| IPA | Tone value |
|---|---|
| ˥ | 55 |
| ˦ | 44 |
| ˧ | 33 |
| ˥˧ | 53 |
| ˨˩ | 21 |
| ˩˧ | 13 |
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
| ||||
| East andSoutheast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates,Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||