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Aroyal mantle, or more simply aMantle, is a garment normally worn byemperors,kings orqueens as a symbol of authority. When worn at acoronation, suchmantles may be referred to as coronation mantles. Manyprinces also wear such a mantle. Sometimes the mantles are worn only once, but in other instances they may be worn or used on other occasions, such as during the opening of a session of the nation'slegislature. Mantles also feature prominently in state portraiture and artwork featuringmonarchs and princes.
In principle, there is no difference between the mantles of an emperor and king. Different countries have their own styles, and the shape of mantles has changed somewhat over the centuries. The oldest coats were not very long, and they were not lined withfur. In the 18th century, cloaks become more like each other and appeared everywhere in Europe. The French example was lined with fur, and a cloak with a long train became standard. TheGerman emperors continued their short coat from the 12th century to the end of their empire. The Hungarian Kings also kept using their short coat from the reign ofSt Stephen until the end of their kingdom.
Originally, mantles and the religiouscope, coming from similar origins as a cloak worn by all classes, were indistinguishable, except that the religious garment may have a flap representing a hood, and the mantle may be fastened at the shoulder instead of the front. Therefore, while the cope was used by all clerics, the mantle would be used by royalty on occasions of a sacred character.[1] TheCoronation cloak of the Holy Roman Empire and Sicily was made semicircular in imitation of the cope of clergy.[2] The royal mantle of the kings of France, which was based on theEphod of a High Priest of Israel, also stood in for thechasuble of a priest, to emphasize the religious character of the coronation; fromLouis XIII the mantle was purple, to represent both temporal authority (the azure of the French coat of arms) and religious authority (the scarlet robes of cardinals).[3][4][5]
The non-crowned but inaugurated Dutch kings wear a robe on the French model. In theNetherlands, one does not speak of a coronation mantle but uses the term "royal robe" (Dutch:Koningsmantel; Dutch phonetic: γoningsmant∂l).
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