TheManila Light Rail Transit System, commonly known as theLRT, is anurban rail transit system that primarily servesMetro Manila, Philippines. Although categorized as alight rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles, it presently has characteristics of arapid transit system, such as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-of-way, and later use of full metro rolling stock. The LRT is jointly-operated by theLight Rail Transit Authority (LRTA), a government corporation attached to theDepartment of Transportation (DOTr), and theLight Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC). Along with theManila Metro Rail Transit System and theMetro Commuter Line of thePhilippine National Railways, the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure.
The LRT's 43.5-kilometer-route (27.0 mi) is mostly elevated and consists of two lines and 38 stations.Line 1, also called the Green Line (formerly known as the Yellow Line), opened in 1984 and travels a north–south route.Line 2, the Blue Line (formerly, the Purple Line), was completed in 2004 and runs east–west. The original Line 1 was built as a no-frills means of public transport and lacks some features and comforts, but the newer Line 2 has been built with additional standards and criteria in mind likebarrier-free access. In 2022, the system served 305,264 passengers on average.[1] Security guards at each station conduct inspections and provide assistance. A reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system has replaced the previous token-based system in 2001, and the Flash Pass was introduced as a step towards a more integrated transportation system. In 2015, the plastic magnetic tickets were replaced with theBeep, a contactless smart card, introduced to provide a common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines.
Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road-based public transport, such asbuses andjeepneys, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although it aims to reducetraffic congestion and travel times in the metropolis, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapidurbanization. The network's expansion is set on resolving this problem.
The network consists of two lines: the original Line 1 or Green Line, and the more modern Line 2, or Purple Line. Line 1 is aligned in a general north–south direction along over 25.9 kilometers (16.1 mi) of fully elevated track. FromMonumento it runs south above the hustle and bustle ofRizal andTaft Avenues alonggrade-separated concrete viaducts allowing exclusiveright-of-way before ending inDr. Santos.[4][5] A three-station east–west extension alongEpifanio de los Santos Avenue that will connect Monumento to theNorth Avenue station was opened in 2010, although the common station is still under construction. Including the extension's two recently opened stations,Balintawak andRoosevelt, Line 1 has twenty stations.[6][7] Line 2 consists of thirteen stations in a general east–west direction over 17.6 kilometers (10.9 mi) of mostly elevated track, with one station lying underground (Katipunan). Commencing inRecto, the line follows a corridor defined by Claro M. Recto and Legarda Avenues, Ramon Magsaysay andAurora Boulevard, and theMarikina-Infanta Highway before reaching the other end of the line atAntipolo.[8] The system passes through the cities ofCaloocan,Manila,Marikina,Pasay,Pasig,Quezon City, andSan Juan.
During peak hours, Line 1 fields 30 trains at most; the time interval between the departure of one and the arrival of another, calledheadway, is a minimum of 3–4 minutes. On January 9, 2009, Line 1 fielded 31 trains with a headway of 2 minutes to service devotees in celebration of theFeast of the Black Nazarene.[9] Line 2 on the other hand, runs 10 trains at most with a minimum headway of 5 minutes.[10] With the proper upgrades, Line 1 is designed to potentially run with headway as low as 1.5 minutes.[11] Line 2 can run with headway as low as 2 minutes with throughput of up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd).[12]
In conjunction with theLine 3—also known as the new Yellow Line, a similar but separate metro rail system operated by the privateMetro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC)—the system provides the platform for the vast majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area. Together with the PNR, the three constitute the SRTS.[13] Recto andDoroteo Jose serve as the sole interchange between both lines of the LRTA.Araneta Center-Cubao andEDSA stations serve as interchanges between the LRTA and the MRTC networks. To transfer lines, passengers will need to exit from the station they are in then pass through covered walkways connecting the stations.[14]Blumentritt station meanwhile is immediately above itsPNR counterpart.
Baclaran,Central Terminal, and Monumento are Line 1's three terminal stations; Recto, Araneta Center-Cubao, and Antipolo are the terminal stations on Line 2. All of them are located on or near major transport routes where passengers can take other forms of transportation such as privately run buses andjeepneys to reach their ultimate destination both within Metro Manila and in neighboring provinces. The system has two depots: Line 1 uses the Pasay Depot at LRTA headquarters in Pasay, near Baclaran station, while the Line 2 uses the Santolan Depot built bySumitomo in Pasig.[4][8][12][15]
Both lines are open every day of the year from 4:30 amPST (UTC+8) until 10:15 pm on weekdays, and from 5:00 am until 9:50 pm on weekends, except when changes have been announced.[16] DuringHoly Week, apublic holiday in the Philippines, the rail system is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro, with normal operations resuming afterEaster Sunday.[17] During theChristmas season, operating hours are usually extended on the days leading up toChristmas Day,[18] but are shortened onChristmas Eve andNew Year's Eve to allow its staff to celebrate the holidays with their families.[19] Notice of special schedules is given through press releases, via thepublic address system in every station, and on the LRTA and LRMC websites.
| Name and color | Opened | Last extension | Stations | Length | Termini | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1 | December 1, 1984 (1984-12-01) | November 16, 2024 (2024-11-16) | 25 | 25.9 km (16.1 mi) | Fernando Poe Jr. | Dr. Santos |
| Line 2 | April 5, 2003 (2003-04-05) | July 5, 2021 (2021-07-05) | 13 | 17.6 km (10.9 mi) | Recto | Antipolo |
| Lines and stations initalics are either under construction, not yet operational, or have been closed. | ||||||
The system's roots date back to 1878 when an official from Spain's Department of Public Works for the Philippines submitted a proposal for a Manila streetcar system. The system proposed was a five-line network emanating fromPlaza San Gabriel inBinondo, running toIntramuros,Malate,Malacañan Palace,Sampaloc andTondo. The project was approved and in 1882, Spanish-German businessmanJacobo Zóbel de Zangroniz, Spanish engineerLuciano M. Bremon, and Spanish bankerAdolfo Bayo, founded theCompañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government. The Malacañan Palace line was later replaced with a line linking Manila toMalabon, and construction began in 1885. Four German-made steam-operated locomotives and eight coaches for nine passengers each, composed the initial assets of the company. The Manila-Malabon line was the first line of the new system to be finished, opening to the public on October 20, 1888, with the rest of the network opening in 1889.[20] From the beginning it proved to be a very popular line, with services originating from Tondo as early as 5:30 a.m. and ending at 7:30 p.m., while trips from Malabon were from 6:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m., every hour on the hour in the mornings, and every half-hour beginning at 1:30 p.m.[21]
With the American takeover of the Philippines, thePhilippine Commission allowed theManila Electric Railroad and Light Company (Meralco) to take over the properties of theCompañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas,[22] with the first of twelve mandated electrictranvia (tram) lines operated by MERALCO opening in Manila in 1905.[23] At the end of the first year around 63 kilometers (39 mi) of track had been laid.[24] A five-year reconstruction program was initiated in 1920, and by 1924, 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts.[24] Although it was an efficient system for the city's 220,000 inhabitants, by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding.[23][24][25]
The system was closed duringWorld War II. By the war's end, thetram network was damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins. It was dismantled andjeepneys became the city's primary form of transportation, plying the routes once served by the tram lines.[23] With the return of buses and cars to the streets, traffic congestion became a problem.
In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-citymonorail.[26] The monorail's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked theJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a separate transport study.[25] Prepared between 1971 and 1973, the JICA study proposed a series of circumferential and radial roads, an inner-city rapid transit system, a commuter railway, and an expressway with three branches.[25] After further examination, many recommendations were adopted; however, none of them involved rapid transit and the monorail was never built. PMTS' franchise subsequently expired in 1974.[27]
Another study was performed between 1976 and 1977, this time byFreeman Fox and Associates and funded by theWorld Bank. It originally suggested a street-level railway, but its recommendations were revised by the newly formed Ministry of Transportation and Communications (now theDOTr). The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of the city's many intersections.[23] However, the revisions increased the price of the project from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. A supplementary study was conducted and completed within three months.
PresidentFerdinand Marcos created theLight Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) on July 12, 1980, by virtue of Executive Order No. 603[28] giving birth to what was then dubbed the "Metrorail". First LadyImelda Marcos, then governor of Metro Manila and minister of human settlements, became its first chairman. Although responsible for the operations of the system, the LRTA primarily confined itself to setting and regulating fares, planning extensions and determining rules and policies, leaving the day-to-day operations to a sister company of Meralco called the Meralco Transit Organization (METRO Inc.).[29] Initial assistance for the project came in the form of a ₱300 millionsoft loan from theBelgian government, with an additional ₱700 million coming from a consortium of companies comprisingSA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi (ACEC) andBN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques (today both part ofBombardier Transportation and nowAlstom), Tractionnel Engineering International (TEI) and Transurb Consult (TC).[29][30] Although expected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of the start of operation, it was initially estimated that the system would lose money until at least 1993. For the first year of operation, despite a projected ₱365 million in gross revenue, losses of ₱216 million were thought likely.[25]
Construction of Line 1 started in September 1981 with the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (now thePhilippine National Construction Corporation) as the contractor with assistance from Losinger & Cie, a Swiss firm (today Losinger Marazzi), and the Philippine subsidiary of the U.S.-basedDravo Corporation. The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services ofZürich to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the extension studies of future expansion projects.[25] The Electrowatt plan—which is still used for planning future metro lines—consisted of a 150-kilometer (93-mile) network of rapid transit lines spanning all major corridors within 20 years, including a line on the Radial Road 6 alignment, one of the region's busiest road corridor.[31]
The 1982 study of the system's network recommends lines that are proposed:[32]
The line was test-run in March 1984, and the first half of Line 1, from Baclaran toArroceros (now Central Terminal), was opened on December 1, 1984. Carriedo station was later opened on April 14, 1985. The second half, from Doroteo Jose to Monumento, was opened on May 12, 1985.[4][33] Overcrowding and poor maintenance took its toll a few years after opening. In 1990, the Line 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear.[23] The premature aging of Line 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan's ODA.[34]
For the next few years Line 1 operations ran smoothly. In 2000, however, employees of METRO Inc. went on strike, paralyzing Line 1 operations from July 25 to August 2, 2000. Consequently, the LRTA did not renew its operating contract with METRO Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and assumed all operational responsibility.[4] At around 12:15 pm on December 30, 2000, a bomb—later learned to have been planted by Islamic terrorists—went off in the front coach of a Line 1 train pulling into Blumentritt station, killing 11 and injuring over 60 people in the most devastating of a series of attacks that day, now known as theRizal Day bombings.[35][36]
With Japan's ODA amounting to 75 billion yen in total, the construction of Line 2 began in the 1990s.[37] In 2001, theLegarda portion of the project was briefly the site of theMay 1 riots against the Philippine government, with one of the project'sbackhoe loaders being set on fire by protesters.[38][39] The first section of the line, from Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao, was opened on April 5, 2003.[37] The second section, from Araneta Center-Cubao toLegarda, was opened exactly a year later, with the entire line being fully operational by October 29, 2004[40] During that time the Line 1 was modernized. Automated fare collection systems using magnetic stripe plastic tickets were installed; air-conditioned trains added; pedestrian walkways between Lines 1, 2, and3 were completed.[14] In 2005, the LRTA made a profit of ₱68 million, the first time the agency made a profit since the Line 1 became operational in 1984.[41]
A two-station, 3.8-kilometer (2.4 mi) extension of Line 2 eastward fromMarikina up to Masinag,Antipolo in the province ofRizal opened to the public on July 5, 2021, six years after construction began in 2015.[42]
First proposed bySNC-Lavalin, the south extension of Line 1 has 8 stations over 11.7 kilometers (7 mi) ending inBacoor in the province ofCavite. After Lavalin's bid was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005, the government worked with advisers (International Finance Corporation,White & Case, Halcrow, and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the construction of the extension and a 30-year concession to run it. An additional extension from Bacoor toImus and from there a further extension toDasmariñas, both in Cavite, are also being considered.[43][44][45]
On March 22, 2012, the₱60 billion Line 1 south extension project was approved by theNational Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).[46] In line with this, in October 2014, the operations and maintenance of Line 1 was awarded to theLight Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), a joint venture company ofMetro Pacific's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC),Ayala Corporation's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and the Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd. (MIHPL).[47] The 32-year concession agreement took effect on September 12, 2015.[48][49]
The groundbreaking ceremony of the south extension took place on May 4, 2017,[50] with construction beginning in 2019. The first five stations (fromRedemptorist station toDr. Santos station) opened on November 16, 2024, while the second and third phases (fromZapote untilNiog, hampered by right-of-way issues, will start operations in 2031.[51]
With the exception ofKatipunan (which is underground), the LRTA's38 stations are elevated.[4][6][8] They follow one of two different layouts. Most Line 1 stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated byfare gates.[52] The boarding platforms are 100 meters (328 ft 1 in) long and 3.5 meters (11 ft 6 in) wide.[5]Baclaran,Central Terminal,Carriedo,Balintawak,Fernando Poe Jr. andNorth Avenue stations on the Line 1, and all Line 2 stations are composed of two levels: a lower concourse level and an upper platform level (reversed in the case of Katipunan). Fare gates separate the concourse level from the stairs and escalators that provide access to the platform level. All stations haveside platforms except for Baclaran, which has one side and oneisland platform, and Santolan, which has an island platform.
The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contain a passenger assistance office (PAO), ticket purchasing areas (ticket counters and/or ticket machines), and at least one stall that sells food and drinks.[53] Terminal stations also have a public relations office.[54] Stores andATMs are usually found at street level outside the station, although there are instances where they can be found within the concourse.[12] Some stations, such as Monumento,Libertad andAraneta Center-Cubao, are directly connected toshopping malls.[14] Line 2 stations have two restrooms, but Line 1 restrooms have been the subject of criticism not only because of the provisioning of a single washroom at each station expected to serve all passengers (whether male, female, disabled or otherwise), but also because of the impression that the lavatories are poorly maintained and unsanitary.[55]
Folding bicycles are allowed to be brought inside the trains to promotebimodal transportation. The LRTA has also designated the last car of each train as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes,[56] provided that it does not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of 2 by 2 feet (20 by 20 in).[57]
Originally, Line 1 was not built with accessibility in mind. This is reflected in the Line 1's lack ofbarrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. It is also inconvenient in other ways: for one, because of the use of side platforms, passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single-level Line 1 stations need to exit the station (and by extension, the system) and pay a new fare. The newer Line 2, unlike its counterpart, is designed to be barrier-free and allows seamless transfer between platforms. Built by a joint venture betweenHanjin andItochu, Line 2 stations have wheelchair ramps,braille markings, and tactile paving leading to and from the boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators.[8][12][58]
In cooperation with thePhilippine Daily Inquirer, copies of theInquirer Libre—a free,tabloid-size,Tagalog version of theInquirerbroadsheet—are available at selected LRTA stations from 6:00 am until the supply runs out.[54]
Five types ofrolling stock run on the system, with four types used on Line 1 and another used on Line 2.[8][29][59] The Line 2, unlike the Line 1, runs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea byHyundai Rotem and provided by the Asia-Europe MRT Consortium led byMarubeni Corporation that have higher passenger capacity and maximum speed.[60] All five types of rolling stock are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires. Of the two LRTA lines, the Line 2 prominently employswrap advertising in its rolling stock. The Line 1 have begun using wrap advertising as well initially for their second-generation trains, followed by their third and fourth-generation trains.
Line 1 at various stages in its history has used two-car, three-car, and four-car trains. The two-car trains are the original first-generationBN (1000) trains. Most were transformed into three-car trains, although a lot of two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generationHyundai Precision andAdtranz (1100), the third-generationKinki Sharyo /Nippon Sharyo (1200),[61][62] and the fourth-generationMitsubishi /Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (13000) trains. There are 259 railway cars grouped into 70 trains serving the line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28 second-generation, 48 third-generation, and 120 fourth-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned.[10] The maximum speed of these cars ranges between 60 and 70 kilometers per hour (37 and 43 mph).[29][59]
As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line, 12 trains made in Japan byKinki Sharyo andNippon Sharyo were shipped and entered revenue service in 2006. The air-conditioned trains have boosted the capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction.[62][63][64]
As part of the south extension of the line, 30 new trains built inSpain andMexico byConstrucciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles andMitsubishi Corporation were procured in 2017.[65] The trains entered service in 2023.[66]
Line 2 fleet runs eighteen heavy rail four-car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies andalternating currenttraction motors. They have a top speed of 80 kilometers per hour (50 mph) and usually take around forty minutes to journey from one end of the line to the other.[67] Each train measures 3.2 meters (10 ft 6 in) wide and 92.6 meters (303 ft 10 in) long allowing a capacity of 1,628 passengers: 232 seated and 1,396 standing.[8] Twenty sliding doors per side facilitate quick entry and exit. The line's trains also feature air conditioning, driverlessautomatic train operation from the Operations Control Center (OCC) in Santolan, low-noise control, enabled electric andhydraulic braking, and closed-circuit television inside the trains.[68][69] Special open spaces and seats are designated for wheelchair users and elderly passengers, and automatic next station announcements are made for the convenience of passengers, especially for the blind.[8][58]
An additional fourteen four-car trains for the east extension and the future west extension are currently in the process of being procured.[70]
The system has used various signalling systems throughout its history. The original signalling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay type trackside systems. Trains had anautomatic train stop system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. In 2007, as part of a capacity expansion project, the signalling system was replaced with a signalling and train control system based onautomatic train protection andautomatic train supervision usingSiemens technology.[46][3] In 2022, as part of the line's south extension, the existing signalling system used in Line 1 was replaced by the Atlas 100 solution ofAlstom, which is based onETCS Level 1.[71][72]
On the other hand, Line 2 uses theautomatic train control system, which has three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP),automatic train operation (ATO), and automatic train supervision (ATS). TheATO subsystem automatically drives the trains, while the opening and closing of doors is controlled by an onboard train attendant.[73][74] It is atrack circuit-based system with equipment supplied byWestinghouse Signals (laterSiemens Mobility).[75]
| Line | Supplier | Solution | Type | Commission Date | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1 | Alstom[72] | Atlas 100[71] | ETCS Level 1[76] | 2022 | — |
| Line 2 | Westinghouse Signals (laterSiemens)[75] | TBS100[75] | Fixed blockATC[73][74] | 2003 | |
| Former | |||||
| Line 1 | ACEC | unknown | Fixed block[46] | 1984 | Decommissioned by 2007 |
| Siemens[46] | 2007 | Decommissioned by 2022 | |||
The system has always presented itself as a safe system to travel on, and despite someincidents aWorld Bank paper prepared byHalcrow deemed the running of metro rail transit operations overall as "good".[77] Safety notices in both English andTagalog are a common sight at the stations and inside the trains. Security guards with megaphones can be seen at boarding areas asking crowds to move back from the warning tiles at the edge of platforms to avoid falling onto the tracks.[10] In the event of emergencies or unexpected events aboard the train, alerts are used to inform passengers about the current state of the operations. The LRTA uses three alerts: Codes Blue, Yellow, and Red.
| Alert | Indication |
|---|---|
| Code Blue | Increased interval time between train arrivals |
| Code Yellow | Slight delay in the departure and arrival of trains from stations |
| Code Red | Temporary suspension of all train services due to technical problems |
Smoking, previously banned only at station platforms and inside trains, has been banned at station concourse areas since June 24, 2008.[78] Hazardous chemicals, such as paint and gasoline, as well as sharp pointed objects that could be used as weapons, are forbidden.[79] Full-sizedbicycles andskateboards are also not allowed on board the train, howeverfolding bicycles are allowed on both lines as of November 8, 2009.[80][81] Those under the influence of alcohol may be denied entry into the stations.[79]
In response to theRizal Day bombings, a series of attacks on December 30, 2000, that included the bombing of a Line 1 train among other targets, and in the wake of greater awareness of terrorism following theSeptember 11 attacks, security has been stepped up on board the system. ThePhilippine National Police has a special police force assigned at both lines.[82] andsecurity police provided by private companies are assigned to all stations with each having a designated head guard.Closed-circuit televisions have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities.[8] To better prepare for and improve response to any adverse incidents, drills simulating terror attacks and earthquakes have been conducted.[10][83] It is standard practice for bags to be inspected upon entry into stations by guards equipped with hand-heldmetal detectors. Those who refuse to submit to such inspection may be denied entry.[84] Since May 1, 2007, the LRTA has enforced a policy against making falsebomb threats, a policy already enforced at airports nationwide. Those who make such threats can face penalties in violation of Presidential Decree No. 1727, as well as face legal action.[85] Posted notices on station walls and inside trains remind passengers to be careful and be wary of criminals who may take advantage of the crowding aboard the trains. To address concerns of inappropriate contact on crowded trains, the first coach of Line 1 and Line 2 trains have been designated forPWDs andfemales only.[54]
| Line | Line 1 | Line 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Boarding fare | ₱16.25 | ₱13.29 |
| Distance fare[b] | ₱1.47/km | ₱1.21/km |
| Minimum | ₱20.00 | ₱15.00 |
| Maximum | ₱55.00 | ₱35.00 |
| Note: Fares are lower when a stored value card is used. | ||
In 2003, the Manila Light Rail Transit System was one of the least expensive rapid transit systems inSoutheast Asia, costing significantly less to ride than other systems in the region.[88][89] Unlike other transportation systems, in which transfer to another line occurs within a station's paid area, passengers have to exit and then pay a new fare for the line they are entering. This is also the case on the Yellow Line when changing boarding platforms to catch trains going in the opposite direction.
Both lines use two different fare structures: one for single journey cards and another for stored value (Beep) cards. As mandated by law, senior citizens and persons with disabilities are entitled to a twenty-percentdiscount.[90] Since June 20, 2025, students get a higher fare discount of fifty percent,[91] followed by senior citizens and PWDs on July 16.[92]
Before 2001, passengers on Line 1 would purchase a token to enter the station. Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the Yellow Line from a token-based system to a ticket-based system, with full conversion to a ticket-based system achieved on September 9, 2001.[93] Starting September 2015, the old magnetic tickets were decommissioned and replaced by contactless-based smart card technology byIDEMIA. Passengers can enter the system paid areas with either a single journey or stored valueBeep Card. The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines. Tickets can be sold from ticket booths staffed by station agents or fromticket machines.
Previously, the system uses two types of tickets: a single journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination, and a stored value (multiple-use) ticket available for ₱100.[94] Tickets would normally bear a picture of the incumbentpresident, though some ticket designs have done away with this practice.
Single journey tickets are only valid on the day of purchase and will be unusable afterward. They expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry. If the ticket expires, the passenger will be required to buy a new one.
Stored value tickets are usable on both lines although a new fare will be charged when transferring from one line to the other. To reduce ticket queues, the LRTA is promoting the use of stored value tickets. Aside from benefitting from a lower fare structure on the Line 1, stored value ticket users can avail of a scheme called the Last Ride Bonus that grants the use of any residual amount in a stored value ticket less than the usual minimum ₱12 fare, or the appropriate fare for the station of arrival from the station of departure, as a full fare.[89] Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use. They expire six months after the date of first use.[94]
Tickets are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system. A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected allowing a passenger through theturnstile. The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises. Tickets are captured by the exit turnstiles to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value. If it is a stored value ticket with some value remaining, however, it is once again ejected by the fare gate to be taken by the passenger for future use.[52]
Despite the common practice for regular passengers to purchase several stored-value tickets at a time, the line barely has ticket shortages due to the inter-compatibility of tickets with the LRTA lines and the steady release of new tickets that addresses the problem.
To better integrate the LRTA and MRTC networks, a unified ticketing system utilizing contactlesssmart cards, similar to theOctopus card inHong Kong and theEZ-Link card inSingapore, was made a goal of the SRTS.[95][96] In a transitional move towards such a unified ticketing system, the Flash Pass was implemented on April 19, 2004, as a stopgap measure.[97] However, plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have languished,[98] leaving the Flash Pass to fill the role for the foreseeable future. Originally sold by both the LRTA and theMetro Rail Transit Corporation, the Blue Line operator, the pass was discontinued with the election ofBenigno Aquino III as President of the Philippines in 2010.
The pass consisted of two parts: the Flash Pass card and the Flash Pass coupon.[99] A nontransferable Flash Pass card used for validation had to be acquired before a Flash Pass coupon can be purchased. To obtain a card, a passenger needed to visit a designated station and fill out an application form. Although the card is issued free of charge and contains no expiry date, it is expected to be issued only once. Should it be lost, an affidavit of loss had to be submitted before a replacement can be issued. The Flash Pass coupon, which served as a ticket, was linked to the passenger's Flash Pass card through the card number printed on the coupon. Coupons were sold for ₱250 and were valid for unlimited rides on all three lines of the LRTA and MRTC for one week.[99] The card and coupon were used by showing them to a security guard at an opening along the fare gates, who after checking their validity allowed the holder to pass through.[97]
Beep is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card-based system in paying rail based rapid transit transportation fares in and around Metro Manila. Beep is also aimed to be used in lieu of cash in some convenience stores and other businesses. The Beep system is implemented and operated by AF Payments Incorporated, which is primarily owned by Ayala Corporation and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation. It was first implemented in Line 2 in July 2015,[100] followed by Line 1 a month later.[101]
TheLight Rail Manila Corporation and AF Payments, Inc. presented aQR code-based ticketing system to be used in Line 1. Once approved, it can serve as viable alternatives to single journey tickets and can be purchased via mobile apps. Implementation of this ticket system was originally set for 2022.[102]
Adjusting passenger fares has been employed by the DOTC (predecessor of DOTr), LRTA, and LRMC as a means to improve the lines' services, and the issue of fares both historically and in the present continues to be a political issue.
Current fare levels were set on August 2, 2023; the LRT-1 is set to adjust its fares by April 2, 2025.[86] Proposals for such were delayed for several years despite inflation and rising operating costs.[103] Prior to the current fare levels, fares for both lines were set on January 4, 2015.[104] These lower fares—which are only slightly more expensive than jeepney fares—ended up being financed through large governmentsubsidies amounting to around ₱25–45 per passenger,[105] and which for both the MRTand LRT reached ₱75 billion for the 10-year period between 2004 and 2014.[106] Without subsidies, the cost of a single trip is estimated at around ₱40–60,[105] and a ₱10 increase in fares would yield additional monthly revenues of ₱2–3 billion a month.[107]
Under the concession agreement of the DOTr and theLight Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) for the operations and maintenance of the LRT Line 1, LRMC is entitled to petition a fare hike every two years. With all four petitions in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 deferred, it resulted in losses of ₱2.17 billion as of November 2024, and would increase to ₱7 billion by 2028 if the hikes were not implemented.[108] However, these drew criticism from commuters' and labor groups; Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) called the fare hike "immoral" amid high prices of basic necessities.[109] However, LRMC's president and Chief Executive Officer Enrico Benipayo emphasized that:[110]
Public transport is a service that requires continuous investments in maintenance, upgrades and expansion. Countries with world-class transport systems such as Singapore and Japan adjust fares regularly to keep services efficient and safe.
— Enrico R. Benipayo
Plans for expanding the LRTA network have been formulated throughout its history and successive administrations have touted trains as one of the keys to relieving Metro Manila of its long-standing traffic problems.[111] Expansion of the system was one of the main projects mentioned in a ten-point agenda laid out by PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo in 2005.[112]
Line 2 is planned to be extended both further eastward to Cogeo, continuing from its eastern expansion to Antipolo, and westward from Recto up to theManila North Harbor in Tondo.[113]
The LRT Line 6 was originally conceived as a continuation of the LRT Line 1 toDasmariñas,Cavite. In its current form, the "Modified" Line 6 proposal is a 23.5 km (14.6 mi)elevated railway fromNiog station in Bacoor to Governor's Drive station in Dasmariñas via the Molino–Paliparan Road. The line will also be extended further north toNinoy Aquino International Airport (as Line 6B) inPasay and further south asTagaytay (as Line 6A extension). There will also be branch lines passing throughDr. Santos Avenue andAlabang–Zapote Road in southern Metro Manila. The combined length of the proposed line including the extensions and branch lines is at 86 km (53 mi) and with a track length 169 km (105 mi).[114][115][116]
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)The mob also set a back hoe at the corner of Mendiola and Legarda streets on fire and threw rocks at the dispersal team which separated into two teams and continued to pursue the loyalists down Claro M. Recto Avenue.
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| Annual Riderships by cities |
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Note: Under construction & planned lines are inItalics | |||||||||||||
Rapid transit in Asia | |
|---|---|
 Bangladesh | |
 China (PRC) |
|
 India | |
 Indonesia | |
 Iran | |
 Japan | |
 Kazakhstan | |
 North Korea | |
 Malaysia | |
 Pakistan | |
 Philippines | |
 Qatar | |
 Russia | |
 Saudi Arabia | |
 Singapore | |
 South Korea | |
 Taiwan (ROC) | |
 Thailand | |
 Turkey | |
 United Arab Emirates | |
 Uzbekistan | |
 Vietnam | |
* Under construction. | |
