Principality of Mangkunegaran
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| 1757–present | |||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||
 The realm of thePrincipality of Mangkunegaran (pink) in 1830 | |||||||||
| Capital | Mangkunegaran | ||||||||
| Common languages | Javanese | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy (until 1945) Devolved Constitutional monarchy within theunitarypresidential republic (from 1945) | ||||||||
| Duke | |||||||||
• 1757–1795 | Mangkunegara Ia | ||||||||
• 1795–1835 | Mangkunegara IIa | ||||||||
• 1916–1944 | Mangkunegara VIIb | ||||||||
• 1987–2021 | Mangkunegara IX | ||||||||
• 2022–present | Mangkunegara X | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Treaty of Salatiga | 1757 | ||||||||
• Integration with Indonesia | present | ||||||||
Website mangkunegaran | |||||||||
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| Today part of | Indonesia | ||||||||
a. Prince Mangkunegara I b. Prince Mangkunegara IX; Mangkunegaran integration with Indonesia. | |||||||||
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ThePrincipalityof Mangkunegaran (Indonesian:Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a smallJavanese princely state located within the region ofSurakarta inIndonesia.It was established in 1757 byRaden Mas Said, when he submitted his army toPakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers ofSurakarta,Yogyakarta, and theDutch East Indies Company, and was given anappanage of 4000 households.[1]
The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with theDutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part ofEastern Mataram and was henceforth known asMangkunegara I. Known asPura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city ofSolo.[2]
Mangkunegaran is formed based on theTreaty of Salatiga (or Kalicacing Treaty) that was signed on 17 March 1757 inSalatiga to appease the rebellion conducted byRaden Mas Said (Prince Sambernyawa) against theDutch East India Company andPakubuwono III, the Sunan ofSurakarta Sunanate after the breakup of theMataram Sultanate through theTreaty of Giyanti signed two years prior.[3]
Based on the Treaty of Salatiga, Raden Mas Said was given the title ofPangeran Miji[4] and gained the right to control the lungguh region to the north, east, and southeast of the capital of the Surakarta Sunanate. The area of this region is relatively 49% of theNagara Agung (the core area around the capital) of theSurakarta Sunanate after 1830, namely at the end of theDiponegoro War. Its territory now includes the northern part ofSurakarta (the entire Banjarsari District and parts of the northern side of Jebres and Laweyan Districts, Surakarta), the entirety ofKaranganyar Regency,Wonogiri Regency, and parts of the Ngawen and Semin Districts inGunung Kidul Regency.[5][6][7]
By tradition, the rulers of Mangkunegaran was called Mangkunegara. Raden Mas Said became the 1st Duke of Mangkunegaran. They ruled from their official seat ofPura Mangkunegaran inSurakarta. The ruler of the Mangkunegaran Palace, based on the agreement that established it, is entitled to the title ofPangeran Adipati (formallyKangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara Senapati ing Ayudha Sudibyaningprang), but not the title of Susuhunan or Sultan. The Mangkunegaran Palace is a Duchy, thus its position is lower than that of theSurakarta Sunanate and theYogyakarta Sultanate.[4] This distinct status is reflected in several traditions that still exist today, such as the number of bedhaya dancers, which is seven, rather than nine, as in the Surakarta Sunanate. However, unlike the Duchy of Surakarta in earlier periods, Mangkunegaran enjoyed extensive autonomy, having the right to maintain its own independent army (known as theMangkunegaran Legion) without intervention from the Sunanate.[6]
After the independence ofIndonesia, the ruling dukeMangkunegara VIII together with SunanPakubuwono XII pledged to have their realms be part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia on 19 August 1945, further legalized by a royal decree on 1 September 1945. Initially, the Mangkunegaran and the Sunanate of Surakarta became theSpecial Region of Surakarta. However due to political instability, the special region status was revoked by the central government. The Mangkunegaran Palace continues to function as a ceremonial monarchy, guarding Javanese culture, particularly the Javanese gagrag (style) culture of Surakarta sub-Mangkunegaran. AfterMangkunegara VIII died and his first son, G.P.H. Raditya Prabukusuma, had already died before him, the next heir to the throne was his second son, G.P.H. Sujiwakusuma, who later took the titleMangkunegara IX.[8]
The rulers of the Mangkunegaran Kingdom are not buried in the Imogiri Palace, but rather in the Mangadeg Palace and Girilayu Palace, located on the slopes of Mount Lawu in Karanganyar Regency. The exception is the tomb of Mangkunegara VI, who is buried in the North Palace in Surakarta.
The official colors of the Mangkunegaran flag are golden yellow and green, nicknamed Pareanom (young pare), which can be seen on the emblem, flag, pataka, and samir worn by the courtiers and relatives of the Mangkunegaran Palace.
The Duke of Mangkunegaran holds a titleKanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Aryo (His Royal Highness Duke)
Authority control databases: Geographic |
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