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Manado Malay,Manadonese, or simply theManado language, is acreole language spoken inManado, the capital ofNorth Sulawesi province inIndonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language isbahasa Manado, and the nameMinahasa Malay is also used,^[2] after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.

Manado Malay differs from standard Malay in having numerousPortuguese,Dutch,Spanish, andTernate loan words, as well as having traits such as its use ofkita as a first person singular pronoun, rather than as a first personinclusive plural pronoun. It is derived fromNorth Moluccan Malay (Ternate Malay), which can be evidenced by the number of Ternate loanwords in its lexicon.^[3] For example, the pronounsngana ('you', singular) andngoni ('you', plural) are ofTernate–Tidore origin.^[4] Manado Malay has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area.^[5]

The vowel system of Manado Malay consists of five vowel phonemes.^[6]

Manado Malay has nineteen consonants and two semivowels.^[7]

Source:^[8]

Most words in Manado Malay have stress on the pre-final syllable:

However, there are also many words with final stress:

Note that the accents is not used in everyday writing; just to indicate the stressed syllable.

Possessives are built by addingpe to the personal pronoun or name or noun, then followed by the 'possessed' noun. Thuspe has the function similar to English "'s" as in "the doctor's uniform".

The following are theinterrogative words or "w-words" in Manado Malay:

Ada ('to be') can be used in Manado Malay to indicate theperfective aspect, e.g.:

• Dorang ada turung pigi ka Wenang = 'They already went down to Wenang'
• Torang so makang = 'We ate already' or 'We have eaten already'

The final nasals/m/ and/n/ in Indonesian are replaced by the "-ng" group in Manado Malay, similar withTerengganu dialect ofMalaysia (as well as other languages in Sulawesi such asBuginese andMakassarese), e.g.:

• makang (Indonesianmakan) = 'to eat',
• jalang (Indonesianjalan) = 'to walk',
• sirang (Indonesiansiram) = 'to shower', etc.

Theber- prefix in Indonesian, which serves a function similar to the English-ing, is modified intoba- in Manado Malay. E.g.:bajalang (berjalan, 'walking'),batobo (berenang, 'swimming'),batolor (bertelur, 'laying eggs')

° =ng,n, orm depending on phonological context.

Theme(°)- prefix in standard Indonesian, which also serves a function to make a verb active, is modified intoma(°)- in Manado Malay. E.g.:mangael (mengail, 'hooking fish'),manari (menari, 'dancing'),mancari (mencari, 'searching'),mamasa (memasak, 'cooking'),manangis (menangis, 'crying').

Due to the historical presence of theDutch and thePortuguese in eastern Indonesia, several Manado Malay words originate from their languages. However, there is little influence from the localMinahasan languages, and borrowings fromSpanish are not very prominent either – in spite of the historical Spanish dominance – suggesting that Manado Malay was transplanted from outside the Minahasa region.^[9] On the other hand, Portuguese influence is comparatively significant,^[9] considering that the Portuguese presence in the area was relatively limited.^[10] There is also some influence of loanwords from another Austronesian language group calledGorontalo–Mongondow languages. There is also a layer of loanwords from the non-Austronesian language ofTernate, which was controlled by the Portuguese in the period 1512–1655.^[9]

Several words in Manado Malay areloaned to standard Indonesian:

• baku (which indicates reciprocality) e.g.:baku hantam ('to punch each other'),baku ajar ('to hit each other'), Originally a loanword from Ternate, it has spread through Manado Malay into other regions of Indonesia.^[11]

Examples :

• Kita or ta= I
• Ngana or na= you
• Torang or tong= we
• Dorang or dong= they
• Io= yes
• Nyanda’, nda'= no (' = glottal stop)

Sentences :

• Kita/ta pe mama da pi ka pasar : My mother went to the market
• Nyanda’/Nda’ makang Ngana dari kalamareng. : You haven't eaten since yesterday.
• Jang badusta ngana pa kita! : Don't lie to me!

Note that the apostrophe (') is not used in everyday writing; just to indicate the glottal stop.

Manado Malay test ofWikipedia atWikimedia Incubator

Wikivoyage has a phrasebook forManado Malay.

• Alkitab Bahasa Manado, the first Bible translation into Manado Malay (2017).
• Manado Malay-English-Indonesian Dictionary, Webonary.

• Malay-based pidgins and creoles
• Languages of Sulawesi

• Pages containing links to subscription-only content
• Language articles citing Ethnologue 18
• Articles with short description
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