This article is about the men's football club. For former departments of the club, seeMalmö FF (disambiguation). For the women's football club, seeMalmö FF (women).
Football club
Malmö FF
Full name
Malmö Fotbollförening (Malmö)
Nicknames
Di blåe (The Blue Ones)[1] Himmelsblått (Sky Blue)[1]
Malmö Fotbollförening (Swedish pronunciation:[ˈmâlːmøːˈfûːtbɔlːfœˌreːnɪŋ]), commonly known simply asMalmö FF orMFF, is a Swedish professional football club based inMalmö,Scania. They compete in theAllsvenskan, the top division of Swedish football, and play home matches at theEleda Stadion. Malmö FF is Sweden's most successful football club in terms of domestic trophies won.[2] They hold 24Swedish championships and 16Svenska Cupen titles, both of which are national records.[3][A]
Malmö IP, the first home stadium for the club between 1910 and 1957
The club arose from a municipal initiative in 1905 to encourage young people in Malmö to play organised football. One of the youth teams, Bollklubben Idrott, also known simply as BK Idrott, was a predecessor to Malmö FF. BK Idrott joined the newly created football department ofIFK Malmö in 1909, but soon left because of issues between the two clubs. On 24 February 1910 the 19 members of BK Idrott founded Malmö FF; the first chairman wasWerner Mårtensson.[12][13]
The club spent its first ten years in local and regional divisions as there was no official national league competition, playing the majority of their matches in the city division called the Malmömästerskapen. They also competed in regional competitions inScania, and played matches against Danish clubs. In 1916 Malmö FF reached the final of the Scanian regional competition (Distriktsmästerskapen) for the first time, playing against rivalsHelsingborgs IF but losing 3–4.[14] The club defeated local rivals IFK Malmö three times during the season, and thus earned the unofficial but much desired title of Malmö's best football club.[15] In 1917 Malmö FF competed for the first time inSvenska Mästerskapet, a cup tournament for the title ofSwedish champions, but lost their first match in the second qualifying round 4–1 against IFK Malmö. The club continued to play in the cup until 1922, reaching the quarter-finals in 1920 when they were knocked out byLandskrona BoIS. The cup was eventually discontinued and the title of Swedish champions was given to the winners of theAllsvenskan which was first created for the1924–25 season.[16][A]
In 1920 theSwedish Football Association invited Swedish football clubs to compete in official national competitions. Malmö FF earned a place in the Division 2 Sydsvenska Serien. They won this division in the first season, and were promoted to the Svenska Serien Västra, the highest level of competition in Sweden at the time. However, they wererelegated after a single season, and found themselves back in Sydsvenska Serien for nearly a decade until they again achieved promotion to Allsvenskan, in 1931.[17]
First years in the Allsvenskan and early achievements
The club achieved mid-table league positions for two seasons, but was relegated in 1934 as a penalty for breaking amateur regulations. The club had paid their players a small sum of money for each game. Although against the rules, this was common at the time; Malmö FF was the only club to show it in the accounting records. In addition to relegation to Division 2, the club suffered bans for the entire board of directors and twenty-six players. The version of events told by Malmö FF and local press suggests that local rival, IFK Malmö, had reported the violation to the Swedish Football Association. This belief has contributed to the longstanding competitive tensions between the clubs.[18][19][20]
The club made their way back to the Allsvenskan in 1937 after two seasons in the Division 2. In the same yearEric Persson was elected as chairman after being secretary since 1929, and held the position until 1974. Persson is regarded by club leaders and fans as the most important person in the club's history, as he turned the club professional in the 1970s. Under his leadership the club went from being titleless in 1937 to holding ten Swedish championships by the end of the 1974 season.[21] In 1939 the club reached its highest position yet, third place in the Allsvenskan, nine points behind championsIF Elfsborg. Malmö FF's firstSwedish championship came in 1944, when the club won the penultimate game of the season againstAIK before 36,000 spectators at theRåsunda. The last game of the season was won 7–0 againstHalmstad BK.[22]
The following nine seasons, Malmö FF finished in the top three in the league. The club won the Swedish Championship in 1949, 1950, 1951 and 1953, and were runners-up in 1946, 1948 and 1952. The club also won theSvenska Cupen in 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951 and 1953, and finished as runners-up in 1945. Between 6 May 1949 and 1 June 1951, the team were unbeaten in 49 matches, of which 23 were an unbroken streak of victories.[23]
Young players in the 1960s
The club finished as runners-up in the Allsvenskan twice more, in 1956 and 1957. The following year the club left Malmö IP forMalmö Stadion, which had been built for the1958 FIFA World Cup, and was to host the club for 50 years. In 1964 Malmö FF contracted Spanish managerAntonio Durán; this was the first of a series of changes that led to the most successful era in the club's history. Young talents such as Lars Granström andBo Larsson emerged during the early 1960s and would prove to be crucial ingredients in the success that would come in the 1970s. The club finished second in 1964 but went on to win their sixth Swedish Championship in 1965, when Bo Larsson scored 28 goals to finish as the league's top goal scorer. Malmö FF once again won the Allsvenskan in 1967, after a less successful year in 1966. The club's young players, as well as talents bought in from neighbouring clubs in Scania in 1967, became a team that consistently finished in the top three in the Allsvenskan.[24]
Successful 1970s, European Cup 1979, 1980s and 1990s
After finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan for the final two years of the 1960s, Malmö FF started the most successful decade of their history with a Swedish Championship in 1970. The club won Allsvenskan in 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975 and 1977 as well as Svenska Cupen in 1976 and 1978. The 1977 Allsvenskan victory qualified the club for the1978–79 European Cup, and after victories againstAS Monaco,Dynamo Kyiv,Wisła Kraków andAustria Wien, Malmö FF reachedthe final of the competition, which was played at theOlympiastadion in Munich againstNottingham Forest.Trevor Francis, who scored the only goal of the match, won it 1–0 for Nottingham Forest. Nevertheless, the 1979 European Cup run is the biggest success in the history of Malmö FF.[25] The team were given theSvenska Dagbladet Gold Medal the same year, awarded for the most significant Swedish sporting achievement of the year, for their achievement in the European Cup.[7]
Malmö Stadion, the home stadium for the club between 1958 and 2008
Much of the success during the 1970s was due to new tactics and training methods brought to the club by EnglishmanBob Houghton, who managed the club between 1974 and 1980. Eric Persson was succeeded as chairman in 1974 byHans Cavalli-Björkman. After the team performed respectably under managersKeith Blunt andTord Grip in the early 1980s,Roy Hodgson took over in 1985.Roy Hodgson led Malmö FF to two Swedish Championships in 1986 and 1988, and the club won Allsvenskan five years in a row between 1985 and 1989. At the time, the championship was decided by play-offs between the best teams after the end of the regular season; this arrangement was in place from 1982 until 1992. The club reached the play-off final four times between 1986 and 1989 but only managed to win the final twice. Apart from Allsvenskan and Swedish Championships, Malmö FF won Svenska Cupen in 1984, 1986 and 1989.[26]
Other than finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan in 1996, the team did not excel in the 1990s, as the club failed to win Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen throughout the entire decade. The 1990s ended with relegation from Allsvenskan in 1999. Hans Cavalli-Björkman was succeeded as chairman byBengt Madsen in 1999, and former playerHasse Borg was contracted as Director of Sport. These operational changes, as well as the emergence of young talentZlatan Ibrahimović, led to the return to Allsvenskan in 2001. Ibrahimović rose to fame and became an important player in Malmö FF's campaign to return to the top league. He was later sold toAjax in 2001, before playing for several European clubs in Italy'sSerie A,FC Barcelona in Spain'sLa Liga,Paris Saint-Germain in France'sLigue 1,Manchester United F.C. in England'sPremier League,LA Galaxy in theMLS, and AC Milan again until his retirement in 2023.[27]
The return to Allsvenskan was the start of the successful early 2000s, under the management ofTom Prahl, when the club finished in the top three times in a row. In 2004, it won Allsvenskan, the club's fifteenth Swedish Championship. In 2005, the club reached the last qualifying round for theUEFA Champions League but were defeated byFC Thun. Successful sponsor work and player sales also made Malmö FF the richest club in Sweden.[28][29] This position was further cemented by the successiveChampions League group stage appearances the two following years.[30] Malmö FF moved from Malmö Stadion toEleda Stadion in 2009, a stadium built entirely for football and located next to the old one.[31]
In 2009, Madsen announced that he would step down as chairman, and was replaced byHåkan Jeppsson early the following year.[32]In 2010, the club marked their 100th anniversary with many celebratory events at the beginning of the season. On the day of the club's 100th anniversary in 2010, the Swedish football magazineOffside declared Malmö FF to be the greatest football club in Swedish history.[33] The season became a great success as the club won Allsvenskan for the nineteenth time and became Swedish champions for the sixteenth time.[34] Unlike in 2004, these successes were achieved without any major transfers before the season, and with a squad consisting mostly of younger players.[35]
In October 2013, Malmö FF won their seventeenth Swedish championship and 20th Allsvenskan title in the penultimate round of the league away from home. Similar to 2010, the title was the result of a young squad. The average age of the squad, 23.8 years, was the youngest team to become champions since the beginning of the 21st century.[36] The following year Malmö FF qualified for the group stage of the2014–15 UEFA Champions League by beatingVentspils,Sparta Prague andRed Bull Salzburg in the qualifying rounds.[37] This was the first time the club qualified for the competition proper since the re-branding from the European Cup in the1992–93 season and the first time since the2000–01 season that a Swedish club qualified. In the following months Malmö FF defended their league title, winning their eighteenth Swedish championship and 21st Allsvenskan title.[38] This was the first time a club defended the Allsvenskan title since the2003 season.
Chart of Malmö's yearly table positions in the Swedish football league system.
The2015 season saw Malmö FF failing to retaining the title and missing out on the top-four for the first time since 2009. However, the club managed to qualify once again to the group stages of the UEFA Champions League in the2015–16 UEFA Champions League edition, beatingŽalgiris Vilnius,Red Bull Salzburg andCeltic in qualifiers. In October 2016, Malmö FF won their nineteenth Swedish championship and 22nd Allsvenskan title.[39] The title was Malmö FF's third in the span of four years. This resulted in the club surpassingIFK Göteborg in terms of Swedish championship titles, indisputably becoming the most successful Swedish football club of all time in terms of domestic titles while still being second behind IFK Göteborg in terms of European titles.
The 2020s have brought renewed national success to the club, winning the Allsvenskan in 2020, 2021, 2023 and 2024, reaching a total of 27 league titles, while reaching the Champions League group stage in the2021–22 edition and reaching the knockout stages of theUEFA Europa League in2019–20, under the management ofJon Dahl Tomasson andHenrik Rydström.
Malmö FF is a dominant force in Sweden. As of the end of the2021 Allsvenskan season, the club are the leaders of the overall Allsvenskan tablemaratontabellen.[9] Malmö FF are also the record holders for the total number of Swedish championships, Allsvenskan titles and Svenska Cupen titles.[4][40]
Because of the club colours, sky blue and white, the club is often known by the nicknamesDi blåe (Scanian: The Blues) andHimmelsblått (The Sky Blues). The home kit is sky-blue shirts, white shorts, and sky-blue socks. The away strip is black. Various alternative kits have been used for European play such as an all-white kit introduced in the 1950s, and re-used for the 2011 and 2012 seasons, and all-black kits with sky-blue and golden trimmings were used for the European campaigns in 2005 and 2013.[41]
The club colours have not always been sky blue. The predecessor club BK Idrott wore blue and white striped shirts and white shorts, and this kit was still used for the first six months of 1910 after Malmö FF was founded. This was later changed to red and white striped shirts and black shorts to show that Malmö FF was a new, independent club. This colour combination has on occasion been used in modern times as the away kit. The present sky-blue kit was introduced in 1920.[42] Since 2010 a smallScanian flag is featured on the back of the shirt just below the neck.[43]
The crest of Malmö FF consists of a shield with two vertical sky-blue fields on the sides, and one vertical white field in the middle. Underneath the shield is "Malmö FF" spelled out in sky-blue letters with a sky-blue star under the text. In the top area of the shield is a white horizontal field over the three vertical fields. The abbreviation of the club name "MFF" is spelled out with sky-blue letters in this field. On top of the shield are five tower-like extensions of the white field. The present shield crest made its debut on the shirt in the 1940s.[44] There were other crests before this but they were never featured on the shirt. While the first crest was black and white, the second crest was red and white in accordance with the club's main colours between 1910 and 1920.[41]
In the original shield logo the full club name and sky-blue star beneath the shield were not featured, they were later added when club chairmanEric Persson discovered while abroad that people had trouble identifying what city the club came from just by looking at the club crest. The six-pointed star has its origins from the oldest seal of the City of Malmö.[citation needed]
For the 100th anniversary of the club in 2010, the years 1910 and 2010 were featured on each side of the shield on a sky-blue ribbon behind the shield.[43]
Malmö FF is the only Swedish club to weartwo stars above its crest, representing at least 20 domestic championship titles. The stars are only featured on match shirts and are not part of the club's crest.[45]
Malmö FF has several fan clubs, of which the largest is the official fan clubMFF Support, founded in 1992. MFF Support describes itself as "a non-profit and non-political organization working against violence and racism".[11] The chairman of MFF Support is Thelma Ernst.[46]
There are also several smaller independent supporter groups. The most prominent of these is Supras Malmö, which was founded in 2003 by a coalition of smallerultras groups and devoted fans.[47] The name "Supras" is derived from the wordssupporters andultras – the latter indicating that the group is inspired by a fan culture with roots in southern Europe. Supras Malmö is the most visible group in the main supporter stand atEleda Stadion, marking its presence with banners, flags and choreography. Another group with similar goals is Rex Scania. MFF Tifosi 96 (MT96) is a network of supporters creatingtifos for special occasions and important games.[48]Malmösystrar (Sisters of Malmö) is the largest female supporter faction in Europe with over 200 members.[49]
Malmö FF supporters maintains a friendship with the supporters ofHertha BSC.[50]
Because of geographical proximity, minor rivalries exist withTrelleborgs FF andLandskrona BoIS, which are both also located in Scania.[10] The main rivals of the club areHelsingborgs IF,IFK Göteborg andIFK Malmö. Therivalry between Malmö FF and Helsingborgs IF has existed since Malmö FF were promoted up toAllsvenskan in the 1930s, and is primarily geographic, since both teams are fromScania in southern Sweden. Therivalry with IFK Göteborg relates more to title clashes; the two are the most successful clubs in Swedish football history and the only two to have appeared in European cup finals, IFK Göteborg in theUEFA Cup in1982 and1987 and Malmö FF in theEuropean Cup in1979.[10]
During the 2000s, a rivalry between Malmö FF andFC Copenhagen has grown stronger. The rivalry is mainly about geographical proximity and the fact that the teams have played against each other more frequently. During a match in theRoyal League in 2005 atParken Stadium in Copenhagen, the meeting was given greater significance than before, this after Danish police, for unclear reasons, handed out blows with batons to Malmö supporters in the stands.
Therivalry with IFK Malmö is both geographical and historical. The two clubs come from the same city and used to play at the same stadium in the early 20th century. The supposed actions of board members of IFK Malmö in 1933, revealing Malmö FF's breaches of amateur football rules to theSwedish Football Association, further contribute to the competitive tensions between the two clubs.[18][19][20] IFK Malmö have not played in Allsvenskan since 1962; thus matches between the two sides are rare.[51]
Malmö FF are well known for their large average attendance.[53] Average attendances at Malmö FF's home matches in Allsvenskan and European competitions for the last ten seasons running.
Malmö FF's first stadium wasMalmö IP, which was shared with arch-rivalsIFK Malmö. The team played here from the founding of the club in 1910, until 1958. The stadium still exists today, albeit with lower capacity, and is now used by women's teamFC Rosengård, who were previously the women's section of Malmö FF. Capacity in 2012 is 7,600, but attendances were usually much higher when Malmö FF played there. For the last season in 1957, the average attendance was 15,500. The club's record attendance at Malmö IP is 22,436 againstHelsingborgs IF on 1 June 1956.[56] The stadium is still considered a key part of the club's history, as it was here that the club were founded, played their first 47 seasons, and won five Swedish championships.[57]
A new stadium was constructed inMalmö after Sweden was awarded the1958 FIFA World Cup – this saw the birth ofMalmö Stadion. Malmö FF played their first season at the stadium in 1958. The first time the club won the Swedish championship at the stadium was in 1965.[56] An upper tier was added to the stadium in 1992.[58] The club enjoyed the most successful era of their history at this stadium, winning ten out of twenty Swedish championships while based there. The stadium originally had a capacity of 30,000 but this was lowered to 27,500 due to changes in safety regulations. The club's record attendance at the stadium was 29,328 against Helsingborgs IF on 24 September 1967.[59]
Following the2004 victory in Allsvenskan,[60] plans were made to construct a new stadium. In July 2005, Malmö FF announced that work was to begin onEleda Stadion, designed for 18,000 seated spectators and 6,000 standing. The stadium can also accommodate 21,000 as anall-seater for international and European games in whichterracing is not allowed. Construction started in 2007 and was finished in 2009. The new stadium is located next to Malmö Stadion. Although there was still small-scale construction going on around the stadium at the time, the stadium was inaugurated on 13 April 2009 with the first home game of the 2009 season againstÖrgryte IS; Malmö FF'sLabinot Harbuzi scored the inaugural goal in the 61st minute.[61] The first Swedish championship won at the stadium occurred in 2010, when the club beatMjällby AIF on 7 November in the final game of the season 2–0. Attendance at this game set the stadium record of 24,148.[34][62] Stadion is aUEFA category 4 rated stadium.[63]
A panorama of Stadion from the Northern Stand, showing from left to right the Eastern Stand, the Southern Stand and the Western Stand
Malmö FF has a rich European legacy with participation in UEFA competitions since 1964. The club's best European performance was in the 1978–79 season, when they reached the final of theUEFA Champions League (then European Champion Clubs' Cup), where they were beaten 0–1 by English ChampionsNottingham Forest. This makes Malmö FF the only Nordic club to have reached this far in the European Cup or Champions League.[64] Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at theIntercontinental Cup (succeeded byFIFA Club World Cup) in which they competed for the1979 title.[65] Malmö FF is one of the four Swedish clubs to have participated in the UEFA Champions League group stages, along withIFK Göteborg,AIK, andHelsingborg.
Correct as of 14 June 2024.[66][67] The table shows the position of Malmö FF (highlighted), based on their UEFA coefficient club ranking for 2024, and the four clubs which are closest to Malmö FF's position (the two clubs with the higher coefficient and the two with the lower coefficient).
Malmö FF made the transition from an amateur club to fully professional in the late 1970s under the leadership of club chairmanEric Persson.[68] The club is an open member association, and the annual general meeting is the highest policy-making body where each member has one vote, therefore no shares are issued. The meeting approves the accounts, votes to elect the chairman and the board, and decides on incoming motions. During the successful 2010's eraHåkan Jeppsson was the chairman after taking over afterBengt Madsen in 2010, prior to his sudden death in 2018. The club's legal status means that any interest claims are made to the club and not to the board of directors or club members. Daily operations are run by a managing director who liaises with the chairman.[69]
With an equity of 497 millionSEK the club is the richest football club in Sweden as of 2019. The turnover for 2018 was 343 million SEK.[70] The highest transfer fee received by Malmö FF for a player was 86.2 million SEK (€8.7 million at that time) forZlatan Ibrahimović who was sold toAjax in 2001. At the time, this was the highest transfer fee ever paid to a Swedish football club.[71]
Malmö FF have been the subject of several films. Some examples are Swedish football documentariesBlådårar 1 andBlådårar 2, which portray the club from both supporter and player perspectives during the1997 and2000 seasons.Blådårar 1 is set in 1997, when the club finished third inAllsvenskan. The film focuses on devoted fan Lasse, playerAnders Andersson, former chairmanHans Cavalli-Björkman and other individuals.[73][74]Blådårar 2 is set in 2000, the year after the club had been relegated to Superettan, and follows the team as they fight for Malmö FF's return to Allsvenskan.[75][76] The second film continues to follow Lasse, but also has a significant focus onZlatan Ibrahimović, his progress and how he was eventually sold toAFC Ajax during the2001 season.[77][78]
The club have also been featured inMitt Hjärtas Malmö, a series of documentaries covering the history of Malmö. Clips used included match footage from the 1940s (Volume 7), and match footage from the1979 European Cup Final in Munich from a fan's perspective (Volume 8).[79] Volume 9 of the series is devoted entirely to coverage of the club's 100th anniversary in 2010.[80]
In the 2005 Swedish drama movieOm Sara, actorAlexander Skarsgård plays the fictional football star Kalle Öberg, who plays for Malmö FF.[81][82]Finally, a recurring sketch in the second season of the comedy sketch showHipphipp! involved a group of Malmö FF fans singing and chanting while performing everyday tasks, such as shopping or operating an ATM.[83]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Bo Larsson is Malmö FF's all-time leading goalscorer inAllsvenskan with 119 goals in 302 matches.[86]Zlatan Ibrahimović started his professional career at Malmö FF. He made 40 league appearances and scored 16 goals for the club between 1999 and 2001.[86]
player has been picked as one of the 11 best players in the official hall of fameSydsvenskan team that was selected by the newspapers readers for the club's 100th anniversary in 2010.[90]
Bob Houghton won three Swedish championships, four Svenska Cupen titles and reached the1979 European Cup Final during his time in Malmö.Roy Hodgson won five consecutive Allsvenskan titles and two Svenska Cupen titles during his five years at the club. He is pictured in 2012 as head coach ofEngland.
Malmö FF have played 86 seasons in Allsvenskan. The only clubs to have played more seasons areAIK with 93 andIFK Göteborg with 89 (2021).[95] The club are also the leaders of theall-time Allsvenskan table since the end of the 2012 season.[95] They are the only Nordic club to have played aEuropean Cup final, present day UEFA Champions League, having reached the1979 European Cup Final.[2][3] Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at theIntercontinental Cup (succeeded byFIFA Club World Cup) in which they competed for the1979 title.[96]
Malmö FF have won domestic honours. The club currently holds the records for mostSwedish championships,Allsvenskan andSvenska Cupen titles.[A] The club's most recent honour was in 2023 when they won Allsvenskan.[2][3] The club first played in Europe for the 1964–65 European season in theEuropean Cup, and most recently in the 2021–22 European season in the group stage for the UEFA Champions League. Including the qualification stages, they have participated in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League eighteen times and in the UEFA Cup andUEFA Europa League seventeen times. The club have also played in other now defunct European competitions such as theUEFA Cup Winners' Cup and theUEFA Intertoto Cup.[97][98]
^abcdThe title of "Swedish Champions" has been awarded to the winner of four different competitions over the years. Between 1896 and 1925, the title was awarded to the winner of theSvenska Mästerskapet, a stand-alone cup tournament. No club was given the title between 1926 and 1930 even though the first-tier leagueAllsvenskan was played. In 1931, the title was reinstated and awarded to the winner of Allsvenskan. Between 1982 and 1990, aplay-off in cup format was held at the end of the league season to decide the champions. After the play-off format in 1991 and 1992, the title was decided by the winner ofMästerskapsserien, an additional league after the end of Allsvenskan. Since the 1993 season, the title has once again been awarded to the winner of Allsvenskan.[4]
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