Mallawan | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Map of Mallawan CD block | |
  Mallawan Location in Uttar Pradesh, India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Mallawan Mallawan (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:27°02′32″N80°08′54″E / 27.0421°N 80.1483°E /27.0421; 80.1483 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Lucknow |
| District | Hardoi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Council |
| • Body | Mallanwan Municipal Council |
| • Municipal Chairperson | Tabassum (IND)[1] |
| • Lok Sabha MP | Ashok Kumar Rawat (BJP) |
| • MLA | Ashish Kumar Singh (BJP) |
| Area | |
• Total | 11.43 km2 (4.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 36,915 |
| • Density | 3,230/km2 (8,365/sq mi) |
| Time zone | IST |
| Postal code | 241303 |
| Area code | 05851 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-30 |
Mallawan, also spelledMallanwan is a town andNagar Palika Parishad inHardoi district ofUttar Pradesh,India.[2] It served as the original district headquarters from 1856 to 1858.[3]It is located south ofBilgram, on the road toUnnao.[4] Mallawan is a major centre of handloom weaving, with handloom cloth being a major export.[3] As of 2011, the population of Mallawan is 36,915, in 6,086 households.[2] It is included in the legislative assembly constituency ofBilgram-Mallanwan.
It is located at 27°2'8"N 80°9'6"E[5] and its average elevation is 142metres. The RiverGanga passes Mallawan, touching its border withKannauj. Mallawan is located 47 km south-east ofHardoi and 92 km from state capitalLucknow.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 11,158 | — |
| 1911 | 10,757 | −3.6% |
| 1921 | 9,605 | −10.7% |
| 1931 | 10,150 | +5.7% |
| 1941 | 11,084 | +9.2% |
| 1951 | 11,508 | +3.8% |
| 1961 | Not given | — |
| 1971 | Not given | — |
| 1981 | 20,323 | — |
| 1991 | 26,922 | +32.5% |
| 2001 | 31,860 | +18.3% |
| 2011 | 36,915 | +15.9% |
| Source: 2011 Census of India[2] | ||
Per 2011 census Mallawan had a total population of 36,915, out of which 19,404 (53%) were male and 17,511 (47%) female.[6] It had a literacy rate of 68.71% & present literacy rate is 78.6%. It is divided into 25 wards. 57% of the population wereHindus, 42.5% wereMuslims, and the remaining 0.5% belonged to other religions.
It's possible that Mallawan was aBuddhist site at the same time thatKannauj was, given the short distance between them, but this is uncertain.[4] An image ofAsa Devi found in a temple here is "probably of Buddhist origin."[4]
In early times, the Mallawan area was ruled by theThatheras until they were driven out by theChandelas (in the west) and theKurmis (in the east).[4] Then, in 1033, it was invaded byGhazi Sayyid Salar Masud; the tomb of one of his companions is found in Mallawan, in the neighbourhood of Uncha Tola.[4] According to tradition, Mallawan was once called "Ghazipur" in Masud's honour. Mallawan'sSheikh community claims to have originally come to the town at this time.[4] Later, in 1544, three of the Sheikhs were given a grant in the neighbouring village of Mohiuddinpur bySher Shah Suri, on the condition that they reside there, recite prayers five times daily in the mosque, and shooting ten arrows after reading the afternoon prayers.[4]
The wandering saint Makhdum Shah, also called Misbah-ul-Ashiqin, came to Mallawan in 1415.[4] Hisdargah is located here.[4] Similar in style to that of Sadr Jahan inPihani, it is clad with largekankar blocks, along with somesandstone, and it is crowned by a plain dome supported by 8 "richly ornamented" Hindu-style pillars.[4] According to a book written in 1529 by one of his descendants, Makhdum Shah was invited to the imperial court atDelhi bySikandar Lodi, but he declined and instead sent two of his followers.[4] As a result, his follower Misbah-ul-Islam, aka Qazi Bhikari, was appointedqazi of MallawanPargana.[4]
Mallawan is listed in theAin-i-Akbari as the seat of a pargana.[4] The town'sjama masjid was built duringAkbar's reign out of kankar blocks taken from an older building.[4] By the turn of the 20th century, however, the mosque was described as being in ruins.[4]
In 1726, Shitab Rai was madechakladar of Mallawan.[4] He became infamous for acquiring property by burying landowners alive and then making their heirs sell it to him.[4] According to the first British settlement report in the mid-19th century, the landowners' bones were still sometimes dug up by farmers around the old chakladar compound.[4]
In 1765, Jesuit missionary and travellerJoseph Tiefenthaler visited Mallawan.[4] He described it as a small but densely populated town surrounded by trees, with most buildings being made out of brick.[4] There was a fort with towers, of mixed brick and mud construction, but by the early 1900s it had disappeared and the site had become farmland.[4]
The 1773 treaty between theNawab of Awadh and theBritish East India Company designated Mallawan as the site of a cantonment of British troops.[4] The cantonment was by the road to Bilgram, in the village ofFaizpur Kampu.[4] It was in use until 1777, when it was moved toKanpur, leading to Kanpur becoming a major city.[4] Meanwhile, the Nawab had a military garrison in Mallawan itself until the 1850s.[4]
With the advent ofBritish Rule, followed by the annexation ofOudh in 1856, Mallawan was made district headquarter and possessed considerable political importance.[7] During the struggle of 1857 the Raikawars, independence fighters from nearby village Rudamau, burned Mallawan's court house. Conditions worsened, leading to the move of the district headquarter to Hardoi.
At the turn of the 20th century, Mallawan was described as a very spread-out town, consisting of several villages agglomerated together.[4] They were Mohiuddinpur in the north; Gangarampur, Mirzapur, Gobardhanpur, and Mallawan itself in the middle, and Bhagwantnagar in the south.[4] Mallawan had sevenmuhallas at the time: Bhagwantnagar, Gurdasganj, Pathan Tola, Uncha Tola, Nasratnagar, Qazi Tola, and Chauhatta.[4] The town had a police station, a post office, a cattle pound, an inspection bungalow, and a middle school, along with a Sanskritpatshala in Bajiganj.[4] There was also a military encampment to the south of the road.[4] Markets were held at Gurdasganj on Mondays and Fridays, and at Bhagwantnagar on Sundays and Wednesdays.[4] Mallawan was not a major commercial centre at the time, although Bhagwantnagar was renowned for its dishes and brass spoons.[4] TheMan Devi fair, held in Kuar and Chait, then had an average attendance of about 4,000 people.[4]
Mallawan is home to one of the oldest high schools in India, founded in 1857 by Ram Sahai Bajpai as Adarsh Shri Prasad Mahavidyalaya at Bajiganj. B.N.Inter College is also one of the oldest colleges, Its full name is Bhagwant Nagar Inter College. It is in Bhagwant Nagar.[8]
Mallawan CD block has the following 83 villages:[2]