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Malkheda Manyakheta | |
|---|---|
  Malkheda Location in Karnataka, India Show map of Karnataka Malkheda Malkheda (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:17°11′42″N77°9′39″E / 17.19500°N 77.16083°E /17.19500; 77.16083 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Kalaburagi district |
| Taluk | Sedam |
| Lok Sabha Constituency | Kalaburagi |
| Established | 9th Century CE |
| Government | |
| • Type | Gram |
| • Body | Panchayat of Malkheda |
| Population (2001) | |
• Total | 11,180 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN CODE | 585 317 |
| Vehicle registration | KA 32 |
Malkheda originally known asManyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa,Prakrit:"Mannakheḍa"), and also known asMalkhed,[1][2] is a town inKarnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river inSedam Taluk ofKalaburagi district, around 40 km fromKalaburagi.
The city reached the peak of its prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries, serving as the Imperial capital of theRashtrakutas and historical heart ofJainism where most Jain present at the time. At Manyakheta, there is ahistorical fort whose restoration is in progress based on a proposal submitted by HKADB (Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board).
As of 2001[update] Indiacensus, Malkheda had a population of 11,180 with 5,679 males and 5,501 females and 2,180 households.[3]
Manyakheta rose to prominence when the capital ofRashtrakutas was moved fromMayurkhandi in present-dayBidar district to Mānyakheṭa during the reign ofAmoghavarsha I. He is said to have built the imperial capital city to "match that of Lord Indra". The capital city was planned to include elaborately designed buildings for the royalty using the finest of workmanship. After the fall of the Rāṣṭrakūṭas, it remained the capital of their successors, the KalyaniChalukyas orWestern Chalukyas until about 1050 CE. According to Dhanapāla'sPāiyalacchi, the city was sacked by the Paramāra kingHarṣa Sīyaka in CE 972-73, the year he completed that work.[4]
Manyakheta is home to two ancient institutions.
The renownedApabhramsha poet Pushapadanta lived here.
From 814 CE to 968 CE Manyakheta rose to prominence when the capital ofRashtrakuta Empire was moved fromMayurkhandi in present-dayBidar district to Mānyakheṭa during the reign ofAmoghavarsha I (Nrupatunga Amoghavarsha), who ruled for 64 years and wroteKavirajamarga the first classical Kannada work.Amoghavarsha I a Jain ruler, patronised several Jain scholars, including the mathematician Mahaviracharya and intellectuals Ajitasenacharya, Gunabhadracharya, and Jinasenacharya, who contributed to the development of Kannada literature during his reign. This period is often regarded as a high point in the development of Kannada literary culture. According to Dhanapāla'sPāiyalacchi, the city was sacked by the Paramāra kingHarṣa Sīyaka in 972–73 CE, the year he completed that work.[7] In the year 1007 CE, Rajendra Chola destroyed the capital[8][9][10] as per inscription in Tanjore Big Temple. Most probably the destruction was so much that today nobody knows the exact location where the Rashtrakuta's capital existed.[11] After the fall of the Rāṣṭrakūṭas, it remained the capital of their successors, the KalyaniChalukyas orWestern Chalukyas until about 1050 CE. It was later ruled by the IndicKalyani Chalukyas,Southern Kalachuris,Cholas,Yadavas,Kakatiyas and theTurko-PersianDelhi Sultanate,Bahmani Sultanate,Bidar Sultanate,Bijapur Sultanate,Mughal Empire andNizam of Hyderabad by 1948.
EconomyIndustrial Sector
Malkheda hosts one of the largest industrial establishments in the region—Rajashree Cement Works, operated by UltraTech Cement Limited of the Aditya Birla Group [official website / company profile].The complex comprises four operational units (RC 1–RC 4) with a fifth (RC 5) under development [company report / news release]. The industrial township, known as Adityanagar, functions as a self-contained settlement with a CBSE-affiliated school (Aditya Birla Public School), branches of HDFC Bank and Canara Bank, staff quarters, gardens, and civic facilities [school website / local directory].The plant is connected by both road and rail (Malkhaid Road station) [Indian Railways info / news article] and employs roughly 10 percent of the local population [local news / district economic survey]. About 400 trucks serve the factory daily [transport union record / local media].A smaller unit, South India Cement Limited (Balaji Cements Ltd.), has remained closed for more than two years [business registry / news coverage].
Agriculture
Agriculture remains central to Malkheda’s livelihood base [district agriculture office data].Mixed and large-scale cropping dominates, with major crops including maize, jowar, cotton, sugarcane, pulses, and sunflower [agricultural report / Krishi Vibhag document].The Kagina River, historically linked to the Uttarimath Jain School of Thought [historical source / tourism dept.], provides irrigation alongside canals and borewells.Malkheda hosts an agricultural mandi and livestock market active on Tuesdays, drawing traders from nearby taluks [local mandi board / district administration notice].
Livestock and Dairy
Livestock rearing occurs mainly at the household level [animal husbandry dept. data].Common species include cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and oxen.A government veterinary hospital provides animal healthcare [dept. website].Milk is mainly retailed through Nandini Milk Parlour and HAP Daily [company listings]. About 10–25 families rely primarily on livestock income [local survey / news].
Commodity Trade
The mandi trades in maize, jowar, pulses, cotton, and groundnut, marketed via auctions, agents, and direct buyers [APMC Sedam data].Transport uses trucks, campers, and pickups connecting to Kalaburagi and Sedam [transport dept. info].Storage is limited to small public and private warehouses [warehousing corp data].
Construction Material Supply
No quarrying exists within Malkheda; materials are imported from nearby areas [geological survey / district report].Handling and retail distribution are overseen by the Gram Panchayat [local administration page].
Infrastructure
The village lies on State Highway 10 (SH-10) [PWD road map], connecting Sedam, Kalaburagi, and Chittapur.The Malkhaid Road railway station (4–5 km) handles passenger and freight traffic [Indian Railways data].Power is supplied by GESCOM [GESCOM official site]; water from Kagina River and borewells [minor irrigation dept. data].Telecom by BSNL, Airtel, Jio, VI, and Railwire [DoT coverage map].Fuel services include IOCL, BPCL, and Jio-BP [petroleum retail list].Overall civic amenities are satisfactory [panchayat audit / district report].
Commerce and Local Enterprises
The village sustains numerous furniture, carpentry, welding, fabrication, hardware, lubricant, cement, retail, and service businesses [local directory / trade registry].These meet most local needs, establishing Malkheda as a self-reliant rural-commercial hub [business feature / district gazetteer].
Employment and Workforce
Employment divides approximately 50 % agriculture, 30 % industry, 20 % services [census / labour dept. data].Women work mainly in education and agriculture, men in industry and transport [social survey].Self-employment and small businesses are common [block report].Unemployment persists among low-educated youth [labour study].
Government and Policy Influence
Roughly 60 % of development stems from state programs [Karnataka govt budget doc]; 40 % from central schemes [central rural development data].Sectors like education and health show satisfactory performance, while agriculture support remains moderate [DAHD / agriculture dept.].Occasional delays occur during administrative transitions [local news report].
Challenges and Constraints
Seasonal rainfall variation influences farm output [IMD / district agri report].Economic reliance on a single industry limits diversification [industrial survey].Youth debt and credit dependence noted [microfinance report].Administrative delays manageable through local governance [panchayat record].
Future Prospects
Though no large official projects announced [news check], potential expansion of UltraTech’s operations may enhance employment [corporate statement].Agriculture expected to modernize gradually, with youth increasingly entering industry and services [youth survey / district economic outlook].Growing access to digital finance and market awareness indicates steady progress [financial literacy programme data].
Malkheda is well connected by road and rail. Malkheda lies onState Highway 10. Malkaheda is 40 km southeast to the District HeadquartersKalaburagi district and 12 km west to the Taluk HeadquartersSedam. There is also a railway station near the village, Malkhaid Road.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Jayatirtha is credited with twenty-two works, the most important being Nyaya-sudha, a commentary on Madhva's commentary on the Brahma Sutra, known as Anuvyakhyana. His samadhi is located at Malkhed.