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TheMalay language has a complex system ofstyles,titles andhonorifics which are used extensively inBrunei Darussalam,Malaysia andSingapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles.^{[citation needed]} What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has aform of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.^{[citation needed]}

Singapore, whose Malay royalty was abolished by theBritish colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. However, when the officials and leaders who were bestowed the Malay titles by Malaysia and Brunei, the title will be only referred to on their visit to the title's state's local media.

Much of thePhilippines washistorically accustomed to the usage of Malay titles byits royals and nobles, such asRaja Sulayman andDayang Kalangitan in Luzon. Malay titles are still prominently used by the royal houses ofSulu^[1][2] andMaguindanao among other noble lineages inMindanao in preservation of genealogies. Officially, the republic does not grant royal or noble titles according to the1987 Constitution.

Indonesia, meanwhile, as a republic, does not recognise hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems outside ofYogyakarta.

The sequence that should be used when formally writing or addressing a person's name is: honorary style, professional rank, royal hereditary title, federal title, state title, non-royal hereditary title, Doctor (of medicine or philosophy), Haji/Hajah (forMuslim men and women who have performed theHajj), name.

For instance, in Brunei, theWazir is a group of royal nobles, namely one of the royal princes who isgahara (pure descendants of theSultan), are the second-highest official post in the nation, right behind the Sultan. Following this, theCheteria, only bestowed upon thePengiran, who perform specific jobs and are ranked above theManteri, a group of non-royal nobles.^[3] An example of a Manteri would be the formerpolice commissioner of Brunei,Hasrin Sabtu, whose honorary title would beYang Dimuliakan (The Exalted One), noble rank isPehin Orang Kaya Pendikar Alam, state title isDato Paduka Seri and traditional Bruneian prefix title for non-royalty isAwang (Mr.).^[4]

When in the home state, the state title may precede thefederal title. An example is the currentPremier of Sarawak,Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg, whose federal title isTan Sri, whose state title isDatuk Patinggi and Bruniean title isDato Seri Setia. His title will be expressed as either:

• Yang Amat Berhormat Tan Sri Datuk Patinggi (Dr.) Abang Haji Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg (federally)
• Yang Amat Berhormat Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri (Dr.) Abang Haji Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg (in his home state).
• Yang Amat Berhormat Tan Sri Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Abang Haji Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg (inBrunei).

Another exception is when a person has received an award from a state other than the person's home state; when visiting the award-bestowing state, that state's title will take the place of a home state's title (if any). As an example, the current Prime Minister,Anwar Ibrahim will be titled as follows:

• Yang Amat Berhormat Dato' Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (federally)
• Yang Amat Berhormat Datuk Seri Panglima Anwar bin Ibrahim (inSabah)
• Yang Amat Berhormat Dato' Seri Utama Anwar bin Ibrahim (inPenang)
• Yang Amat Berhormat Dato' Seri Diraja Anwar bin Ibrahim (inPerlis)

A style carried by virtue of royal title always trumps those carried by non-royal titles. Male royals may choose to append 'al-Haj' to their name instead of using 'Haji'. The following example is correct:

• Yang Amat Mulia General Tengku Dato' (name) al-Haj.

The following titles are hereditary and reserved for the royal families ofBrunei and nine royal states ofMalaysia.

According to royal customs established during the reign ofSultanHassanal Bolkiah, and based on knowledge passed down by elders, any name, rank, title, position, or honorific must be preceded by aterasul before being mentioned or written. This tradition reflects the deep respect for hierarchical and cultural values in Brunei. Given that Brunei is an absolute monarchy, the correct use of official titles for members of the royal family is essential.^[5] Incorrect usage can cause discomfort or be perceived as disrespectful, emphasising the importance of adhering to these formal protocols.^[6]

Terasul for the Sultan:^[5]

• Before reaching puberty:Kebawah Duli Sultan (followed by the Sultan's given name).
• Before thecoronation:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan (followed by the Sultan's given name).
• After the coronation:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan (followed by the Sultan's given name), Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan.
• After the coronation and performing theHajj:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji^[a] (followed by the Sultan's given name), Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan.
• Uponabdication:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan (followed by the Sultan's given name).
• Upon abdication after performing the Hajj:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Haji^[b] (followed by the Sultan's given name).

Terasul for the Sultan's wife:^[7]

• Before being honoured:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Isteri (followed by her given name).
• After being honoured:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Raja Isteri (followed by her given name).
• After being honoured and performing Hajj:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah^[c] (followed by her given name).
• Second wife of the Sultan before his coronation:Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Raja^[d] (followed by her name without the term 'Isteri').
• Second wife of the Sultan after his coronation:Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Isteri^[e] (followed by her given name).
• Sultan's wife fromcommon lineage:^[f]Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Pengiran Isteri orPengiran Bini^[g] (followed by her given name).
• After abdication from the throne:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja^[h] (followed by her given name).

Terasul for thePengiran Muda Mahkota, 'Crown Prince' and his wife:^[8]

• Before performing the obligatory Hajj:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Muda Mahkota (followed by his given name).
• After performing the obligatory Hajj:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Muda Mahkota Pengiran Muda Haji (followed by his given name).
• Wife of thePengiran Muda Mahkota:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Isteri^[i] (followed by her given name).
• Wife of thePengiran Muda Mahkota from common lineage: After being officially declared and granted the title of eitherPengiran Isteri,Pengiran Bini, or any other title, herterasul depends on the bestowed honour (followed by her given name).

Terasul for thegahara^[j] son of Sultan and his wife:^[9]

• Gahara son of Sultan:Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Duli Pengiran Muda^[k] (followed by his given name).
• If he becomes aWazir:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri (followed by his title)Pengiran Muda (followed by his given name).
• Wife of thegahara son of Sultan:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak Isteri (followed by her given name).
• Wife of thegahara son of Sultan from common lineage: After being officially declared and granted the title of eitherPengiran Isteri,Pengiran Bini, or any other title, herterasul depends on the bestowed honour (followed by her given name).

Terasul for thegahara daughter of Sultan:^[10]

• For thegahara daughter of Sultan:Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Puteri (followed by her given name).
• If married to a Wazir orCheteria: Same as above, preceded by the phraseisteri kepada (followed by her husband's title).

Terasul for the children ofgahara son of Sultan:^[11]

• For the male child of agahara son:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Muda (followed by his given name).
• For the female child of agahara son:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by her given name).

Terasul for the children ofgahara daughter of Sultan:^[11]

• For the male child of agahara daughter:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak^[l] (followed by his given name).
• For the female child of agahara daughter:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by her given name).

Terasul of themother ofRaja Isteri, 'Queen Consort':^[11]

• Yang Teramat Mulia Pengiran Babu Raja (followed by her given name).

• If the Queen Consort's mother is from a common lineage, or if she has been granted the title Pengiran or otherwise, theterasul to be used for her will depend on the title granted by the Sultan.

Terasul of the non-gahara children of Sultan:^[11]

• Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by their given name).

Terasul of the non-gahara grandchildren of Sultan:^[11]

• Yang Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by their given name).

Terasul of thePerdana Wazir and his wife:^[12]

• If he is thegahara son of the Sultan:Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Perdana Wazir Sahibul Himmah Wal-Waqar^[m] (followed by his given name).
• If he is the non-gahara son of the Sultan:Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Perdana Wazir Sahibul Himmah Wal-Waqar (followed by his given name).
• TheDuli Pengiran Perdana Wazir's wife from Pengiran lineage:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak Isteri^[n] (followed by her given name), wife ofDuli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Pengiran Perdana Wazir Sahibul Himmah Wal-Waqar.
• ThePengiran Perdana Wazir's wife from Pengiran lineage:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Isteri (followed by her given name).
• TheDuli Pengiran Perdana Wazir orPengiran Perdana Wazir's wife from common lineage: Theterasul isdecreed, subject to the Sultan's grant.

Terasul of the Wazir^[o] and his wife:^[13]

• Pengiran Bendahara:Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuaras^[p] (followed by his given name).
• Pengiran Di-Gadong:Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibul Mal^[q] (followed by his given name).
• Pengiran Pemancha:Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Pemancha Sahibul Rae' Wal-Mashuarah^[r] (followed by his given name).
• Pengiran Temenggong:Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar^[s] (followed by his given name).
• If the Wazir is a son of the Sultan and his wife is from Pengiran lineage:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak Isteri (followed by her given name).
• If all of Wazir's wives from Pengiran lineage:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Bini (followed by their given name).
• If the Wazir's wife from a common lineage:Yang Mulia (followed by her given name). Wife ofYang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Bendahara,^[t]Pengiran Di-Gadong,Pengiran Pemancha orPengiran Temenggong (followed by their given name), unless there is a special decree.

Terasul of the Cheteria and his wife:^[14]

• Cheteria:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran (followed by his title and given name).
• Wife of Cheteria if she is fromPengiran Peranakan Bertaras:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran (followed by her given name).
• Wife of Cheteria if she is from Pengiran or common lineages:Yang Mulia (followed by her given name), wife of Pengiran (followed by the husband's title).

Terasul of thegahara male and female child of Wazir:^[15]

• For the male child ofDuli Pengiran Perdana Wazir or Wazir (gahara son of Sultan):Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Muda^[u] (followed by his given name).
• If female:Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by her given name).
• For thegahara male child ofPengiran Perdana Wazir (but thePerdana Wazir is a non-gahara son of the Sultan):Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak^[v] (followed by his given name).
• For thegahara male child of Wazir (but the Wazir is a non-gahara son of the Sultan):Yang Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by his given name).
• For the non-gahara child of Wazir:Yang Mulia Pengiran (followed by their given name).

Terasul of the children of Cheteria:^[15]

• For thegahara children of Cheteria (if the wife of the Cheteria is agahara daughter of the Sultan):Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by their given name).
• For thegahara and non-gahara child of Cheteria:Yang Mulia Pengiran (followed by their given name).

Terasul of thegahara of Pengiran Anak:^[15]

• For the children of Pengiran Anak whose wife is a Pengiran Anak:Yang Mulia Pengiran Anak (followed by their given name).
• For the children of Pengiran Anak whose wife is not a Pengiran Anak:Yang Mulia Pengiran (followed by their given name).

Terasul of thePengiran Kebanyakan:^[16]

• For a male or female, whether gahara or not: Yang Mulia Pengiran (followed by the name of the individual).

Terasul of thePehin Manteri:^[16]

• For thePehin Datu Seri Maharaja:Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati.
• For thePehin Datu Perdana Manteri:Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati.
• For thePehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong andPehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Lela:Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati.
• For thePehin Manteri Berchiri:Yang Dimuliakan.
• For theManteri Bertauliah:Yang Mulia.

Terasul of the senior government officials:^[16]

• For the cabinet ministers:Yang Berhormat.
• For the members of theCouncil of Ministers: According to the respective title and position.^[w]
• For the high commissioners or ambassadors:Tuan Yang Terutama.

• Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (KDYMM) (literally 'He/She who is below the dust of The Almighty') is used for the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and state rulers alike. The title is a reference to the rulers being subjected to the Law of God with their powers below that ofAllah. However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong also uses the prefix 'Seri Paduka Baginda' (literally, 'Conqueror Majesty') and in English, his title is often translated as 'His Majesty'. However, the style differs from state to state as according to states' tradition.

Titles of Malaysian royalty and rulers:

• Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally, 'He who is made Supreme Lord' but usually 'Supreme Head' or 'Paramount Ruler') is the official title of the ruler of all Malaysia, elected from among the nine heads of the royal families. The title is often glossed 'King' in English. He is styled asKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda (His Majesty).
• Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally, 'Deputy of He who is made Supreme Lord', but usually 'Deputy Supreme Head' or 'Deputy Paramount Ruler') is the official title of the deputy ruler of all Malaysia who is also elected from among the nine heads of the royal families. The title is often glossed 'Deputy King' in English. He is styled asKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Permaisuri Agong (literally, 'The Supreme Lady') is the official title of the consort of the ruler of Malaysia. The title is often glossed 'Queen' in English. She is styled asKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda (Her Majesty).
• Yang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN) is not a royal title, but the title of 'The Head of the State' (the 'Supreme Head') for the state ofPenang,Melaka,Sabah, andSarawak, which do not have hereditary rulers.Yang di-Pertua Negeri is installed by theYang di-Pertuan Agong. The title is sometimes translated as 'Governor' in English. They are styledTuan/Puan Yang Terutama (His/Her Excellency).

• Yamtuan Besar, officiallyYang di-Pertuan Besar (literally 'He who is made Chief Ruler',) is the title of the ruler ofNegeri Sembilan. He is styled asDuli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Tunku Ampuan Besar ('The Chief Royal Consort') is the title of the queen consort of royal parentage for Negeri Sembilan. She is styled asDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che' Ampuan Besar is the title of the queen consort of non-royal blood (commoner). She is styled asDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tunku Ampuan ('The Chief Dowager') is the title of the queendowager. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tunku Puan Besar ('The Senior Chief Dowager') is the title of the senior queen dowager. She is styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• The children of rulers have the title and style ofYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tunku.
• The fiefs of the state, theUndangs are for the areas (luak) ofJelebu,Johol,Sungai Ujong, andRembau. They are all styledYang Teramat Mulia (His Grace). Their spouses are titled Tok Puan with the styleYang Mulia (Her Grace).
• The Tunku Besar ofTampin, a semi-autonomous area ruled by the Al-Qadri family. He is styledYang Teramat Mulia (His Grace). His spouse is accorded the title of Tunku Isteri (of royal parentage) and Cik Puan Isteri (of non-royal blood) with the style ofYang Mulia (Her Grace).
• The Tunku Besar (literally the 'Senior Prince') ofSeri Menanti is the title of eldest son of theYang di-Pertuan Besar. He is styledYang Amat Mulia (His Highness).

• Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler ofSelangor. He is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness). The style is also the title of thestate anthem.
• Tengku Ampuan Selangor is the title of the queen consort of royal parentage. She is styled asDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Permaisuri Selangor is the title for queen consort of non-royal blood. She is styled asDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che' Puan Besar Selangor is the title for second consort of the ruler (of non-royal blood) if he is still marries with queen consort. She is styled asYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan (literally 'Queen Dowager') is the title of the queendowager is she of royal blood. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Paduka Bonda Raja (literally 'Royal Mother') is the title of the Sultan's mother who was not installed as aTengku Ampuan. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Permaisuri is the title of the queen dowager if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Raja Muda Selangor (literally means 'Younger King') is the title of the heir apparent. He is then styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (His Highness).
• Raja Puan Muda Selangor (literally 'Younger Lady King') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Che' Puan Muda Selangor is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• The other children of the Sultan is titled and styledYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tengku.
• The palace dignitaries orOrang Besar Istana whom are responsible for any engagement involving the palace is titled and styled asYang Dimuliakan (His Highness) Tengku. His spouse is accorded the honorific prefix ofTo’ Puan.

• Raja and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler ofPerlis. He is styled asDuli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Perempuan (literally 'Female Queen') is the title of the queen consort of Perlis. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Perempuan Besar is the title of the queen dowager. She is styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Muda (literally 'Younger King') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Puan Muda (literally 'Younger Lady King') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• The other children of the Raja and Raja Muda are styled asYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Syed/Sharifah, with the suffix house name of Jamalullail.

• Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler of the state ofTerengganu. He is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan Besar is the title of the queen consort of the state for queens of royal blood. She is styled asKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Permaisuri is the title of the queen consort if she is not of royal blood initially used bySultanah Nur Zahirah until it was changed by Sultan Mizan. A Permaisuri is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Sultanah is a customarily title that is awarded to the consort of the Sultan. She is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan is the title of the Queen dowager. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan Tua (literally 'Grand Queen dowager') is the title of the senior queen dowager. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Besar is the title of the Sultan's mother if she has not been crowned. She is styled asYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Yang di-Pertuan Muda (literally 'He who is made the young Lord') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Tengku Puan Muda is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• To' Puan Seri is the honorific form of address for the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Amat Berbahagia (The Most Honourable).
• The other children of the Sultan is styled and titledYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tengku.

• Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler of the state ofKedah. He is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Sultanah is the title of the ruler's consort, of royal blood or not. She is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tunku Ampuan (Dowager Queen) was the title of the widow of the ruler who is of royal blood. She was styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che Puan Besar (literally 'Grand Dowager') is the title of the widow if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Muda (literally 'Crown Prince') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Puan Muda (literally 'Crown Princess') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tunku Mahkota (literally 'Deputy Crown Prince') is the title of the second heir apparent. He is titledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (His Highness).
• Tunku Puan Mahkota (literally 'Deputy Crown Princess') is the title of the consort of the second heir apparent. She is titledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• The other children of the Sultan and Raja Muda are titled and styledYang Teramat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tunku.

• Al-Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Kelantan is the title of the ruler of the state ofKelantan. He is styledKebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Perempuan Kelantan (literally 'Lady King') is the title of the consort of the Sultan if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Sultanah Kelantan is the title of the consort of the Sultan if she is not of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Perempuan (literally 'Queen Dowager') is the title of the queen dowager if she is of royal blood. She is styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Mahkota Kelantan (literally 'Crown Prince') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledYang Teramat Mulia (His Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan Mahkota Kelantan (literally 'Crown Princess') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Che Puan Mahkota Kelantan (equivalent to 'Crown Princess') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• The other children of the Al-Sultan are titledYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tengku. If they hold certain palace positions, they are titledYang Berhormat Mulia (His/Her Highness The Honourable) Tengku.

• Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler of the state ofPahang. He is styledKebawah Duli Paduka Baginda (His Royal Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan Pahang (literally 'Queen Consort') is the title of the consort of the Sultan if she is of royal blood. She is styledKebawah Duli Paduka Baginda (Her Royal Highness).
• Sultanah Pahang is the title of the consort of the Sultan if she is not of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Tengku Ampuan Besar ((literally 'Queen Dowager') is the title of the queen dowager if she is of royal blood. She is styled asYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che Puan Besar (literally 'Grand Dowager') is the title of the widow if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Tengku Mahkota Pahang (literally 'Crown Prince') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledKebawah Duli Paduka Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Tengku Puan Pahang (literally 'Crown Princess') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledKebawah Duli Paduka Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che Puan Pahang (equivalent to 'Princess Consort') is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledKebawah Duli Paduka Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• The children of the Sultan are titled and styledYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tengku. The children of the Tengku Mahkota are titled and styledYang Mulia (His/Her Highness).
• The other all descendants of the Sultan are titled Tengku.

• Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan is the title of the ruler ofJohor. He is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (His Majesty).
• Permaisuri is the customarily title for a queen consort of royal blood (direct daughter of the sultan) outside the Johor Sultanate's blood line. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Majesty).
• Sultanah is the title for his wife with non-royal blood or for his wife of noble birth (distant royal relatives). She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Majesty).
• Tunku Ampuan (archaic) is the title for the consort of the Sultan if she is from a junior branch of the Johor Royal Family. She was styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness). This was last used in 1895 for Tunku Ampuan Ungku Maimunah.
• Tunku Puan is the title of the queen dowager of royal blood. She is styledYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Enche' Besar is the title awarded to the mother of the Sultan if she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Tunku Mahkota (literally 'Crown Prince') is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Isteri Tunku Mahkota (literally 'Consort of the Crown Prince') is the title for the consort of the heir apparent. She is styledYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Che' Puan Mahkota (formerlyChe’ Puan Besar) is the customarily honorific form of address for the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styled asYang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Raja Muda (literally 'Younger King') is the title of the first son of the heir apparent. The situation is similar to France where during the reign ofLouis XIV, his son was titled thele Grand Dauphin and his grandson was also titledle Petit Dauphin. He is titledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• The other children of the Sultan are titled and styledYang Amat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Tunku.
• Related Royal paternal hereditary titles to Tunku, is Ungku. Denotes particular lineages of the Royal Family of Johor with the style ofYang Mulia (His/ Her Highness).

• Sultan, Yang di-Pertuan dan Raja Pemerintah is the title of the ruler ofPerak. He is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Perempuan Perak is the title of the consort of the ruler if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Permaisuri Perak is the title of the consort of the ruler if she is not of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Puan (of royal blood) andChe’ Puan (commoner) is a title of the second wife of the ruler. She is styledYang Teramat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Raja Perempuan is the title of the queen dowager if she is of royal blood. Would be granted the style ofYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Permaisuri is the title of the queen dowager is she is not of royal blood. She is styledYang Maha Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Muda Perak is the title of the heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (His Royal Highness).
• Raja Puan Besar Perak is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Che Puan Besar Perak is the title of the consort of the heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Teramat Mulia (Her Royal Highness).
• Raja Di-Hilir Perak is the title of second heir apparent. He is styledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (His Highness).
• Raja Puan Muda Perak is the title of the consort of the second heir apparent if she is of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• Che Puan Muda Perak is the title of the consort of the second heir apparent if she is not of royal blood. She is styledDuli Yang Amat Mulia (Her Highness).
• The other children of the Sultan andRaja Bergelar is styledYang Teramat Mulia (His/Her Highness) Raja/Engku.

In Malaysia, theYang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) grants honours to recipients nominated by theGovernment of Malaysia as awards which are honorary and non-hereditary. These honours may also be revoked by theYang di-Pertuan Agong or returned by the individual. Some of the highest honours bestowed carries with them the titles ofTun,Tan Sri, orDatuk.

There is a maximum number of Malaysian subjects who may be award-holders at any one time. These numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may be awarded such titles in a supernumerary and honorary capacity, and may use the title locally.

TheTun title has existed in Malay traditional society for hundreds of years. In ancient times,Tun was an honorific title used by noble people of royal lineage, inherited by the male descendants. Over time, theTun title has become a title conferred by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the most-deserving recipient who has highly contributed to the nation.

Tun is the most senior federal title awarded to recipients of either theSeri Maharaja Mangku Negara (Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm) (SMN) orSeri Setia Mahkota (Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia) (SSM). However, the SMN and SSM arenot the highest federal awards, ranking fourth and fifth, respectively. There may not be more than 25 (SMN) and 35 (SSM) living holders of each of these awards respectively at any one time. The title for the wife of aTun is calledToh Puan. The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style ofYang Amat Berbahagia or (The Most Honourable).

The SMN is usually awarded to newly appointedYang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN), and to all the retiredPrime Ministers of Malaysia, with the exception ofTunku Abdul Rahman (he is thePrince of the state ofKedah),Najib Razak,Muhyiddin Yassin, andIsmail Sabri Yaakob.

Examples:

• Yang Amat Berbahagia (The Most Honourable)TunDr.Mahathir MohamadSMN;
• Yang Amat Berbahagia (The Most Honourable)TunDr.Ling Liong SikSSM.

Tan Sri is the second-most senior federal title and a honorific, used to denote recipients of thePanglima Mangku Negara (Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm) (PMN) and thePanglima Setia Mahkota (Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia) (PSM). The wife of aTan Sri is calledPuan Sri. The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style ofYang Berbahagia or (The Honourable).

Examples:

• Tan Sri Datuk AmarP. Ramlee
• Yang Berhormat Tan Sri Dato' HajiMuhyiddin YassinPSM;
• Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Datuk Seri PanglimaAbdul Gani PatailPMN;
• Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri DrRunme Shaw,K.St.J;
• Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato' SeriMichelle YeohPSM;
• Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato Sri DrMuhammad Shafee AbdullahPSM.

Datuk is a federal title that has been conferred since1965. It is limited to recipients ofPanglima Jasa Negara (Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service) (PJN) andPanglima Setia Diraja (Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia) (PSD). There may be up to 200 living PJN holders and 200 living PSD holders at any one time. The title of the wife of a male Datuk isDatin; women with the title can take either the titleDatin orDatuk. The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style ofYang Berbahagia (The Honourable).

Examples:

• Yang Berbahagia DatukLee Chong WeiPJN;
• Yang Berbahagia DatukPunch GunalanPSD;
• Yang Berbahagia DatukAhmad Fauzi Hasan;
• Yang Berbahagia Datuk Prof. Dr.Mohamad Akram Laldin.

In Brunei, the titleDato is now comparable to theCommonwealth'sSir and is frequently used with a great non-royal chief.^[17]

In Malaysia, state honours are awarded by the respective heads of thethirteen states. Such titles are honorary and non-hereditary. State titles may be revoked or suspended by the head of state, or may be returned by the individual. Dato' Sri or Dato' Seri (sometimes Dato’ is spelled and pronounced Datuk in some states) is the highest state title conferred by the Ruler on the most deserving recipients who have contributed greatly to the nation or state. It ranks below the federal title Tun, and is an honour equivalent to federal title Tan Sri. The wife of a recipient is Datin Sri or Datin Seri. In many cases, the number of Malaysian nationals who may hold a state title or honour at one time is limited. Such limits do not apply to foreigners.

Title	Variant(s)	Awardingstate(s)	Associated honours
Dato Sri	Pehin Sri	Sarawak	Knight Grand Commander ofMost Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (SBS)
	Dato Sri		Knight Commander of theMost Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS)
Dato' Seri	Dato' Seri Utama	Kedah	Member of theSupreme Order of Sri Mahawangsa (DMK)
	Dato' Seri Utama		(SMDK)
	Dato’ Seri Diraja		Grand Commander of theOrder of Loyalty to Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (SHMS)
	Dato’ Seri Wira		Knight Grand Commander of theGlorious Order of the Crown of Kedah (SGMK)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Commander of theExalted Order of the Crown of Kedah (SPMK)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (SSDK)
	Dato’ Seri Utama	Negeri Sembilan	Principal Grand Knight of theOrder of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (SUNS)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Commander of theGrand Order of Tuanku Jaafar (SPTJ)
	Dato’ Seri		Grand Knight of theOrder of Loyalty to Tuanku Muhriz (SSTM)
	Dato’ Seri		Grand Knight of theOrder of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (SSNS)
	Dato' Seri Utama	Penang	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Defender of State (DUPN)
	Dato' Seri		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Defender of State (DPPN)
	Dato' Seri		Commander of theOrder of the Defender of State (DGPN)
	Dato’ Seri Diraja	Perak	Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (Ordinary Class) (SPSA)
	Dato’ Seri Diraja		Perak Family Order of Sultan Nazrin Shah (Ordinary Class) (SPSN)
	Dato’ Seri		Grand Knight of theAzlanii Royal Family Order (DSA)
	Dato’ Seri		Grand Knight of theOrder of Cura Si Manja Kini (SPCM)
	Dato’ Seri Panglima		Grand Knight of theOrder of Taming Sari (SPTS)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Perak State Crown (SPMP)
	Dato’ Seri DiRaja Bendahara Negara	Perlis	Member of theOrder of Dato’ Bendahara Sri Jamalullail (DBSJ)
	Dato’ Seri Diraja		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (SSPJ)
	Dato’ Seri Diraja		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (SSSJ)
	Dato’ Seri Setia DiRaja		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail of Perlis (SPSJ)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP)
	Dato’ Seri	Selangor	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS)
	Dato’ Setia		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (SSIS)
	Dato’ Seri Utama	Terengganu	Knight of theOrder of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SUMZ)
	Dato’ Seri		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SSMZ)
	Dato’ Seri		Member Grand Companion of theOrder of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Dato' Sri	Dato' Sri Diraja	Pahang	Grand Royal Knight of theGrand Royal Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SDSA)
	Dato' Sri		Grand Knight of theOrder of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP)
	Dato' Indera		Grand Knight of theOrder of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP)
Datuk Seri	Datuk Seri Utama	Federal Territory (Malaysia)	Grand Knight ofOrder of the Territorial Crown (SUMW)
	Datuk Seri		Grand Commander ofOrder of the Territorial Crown (SMW)
	Datuk Seri Utama	Malacca	Knight Grand Commander ofExalted Order of Malacca (DUNM)
	Datuk Seri		Grand Commander ofExalted Order of Malacca (DGSM)
	Datuk Seri Panglima	Sabah	Grand Commander ofOrder of Kinabalu (SPDK)
Datuk	Datuk Patinggi	Sarawak	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP)
	Datuk Amar		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA)
Dato	Datu	Sarawak	Order of Meritorious Service to Sarawak (DJBS)
	Dato		Commander of theMost Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PSBS)
Dato'	Dato'	Johor	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ)
	Dato’		Knight Grand Companion of theOrder of Loyalty of Sultan Ismail of Johor (SSIJ)
	Dato’		Grand Knight of theOrder of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor (SMIJ)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Johor (DPMJ)
	Dato’		Knight Companion of theOrder of Loyalty of Sultan Ismail of Johor (DSIJ)
	Dato’		Knight of theOrder of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor (DMIJ)
	Dato’ Paduka	Kedah	Knight Commander of theOrder of Loyalty to Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (DHMS)
	Dato’ Diraja		(DMDK)
	Dato’ Wira		Knight Commander of theGlorious Order of the Crown of Kedah (DGMK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theExalted Order of the Crown of Kedah (DPMK)
	Dato’		Knight Companion of theOrder of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (DSDK)
	Dato’	Kelantan	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Kelantan (SPMK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Kelantan (DPMK)
	Dato’		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (DJMK)
	Dato’		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Noble Crown of Kelantan (SPKK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Noble Crown of Kelantan (DPKK)
	Dato’		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Loyalty to the Crown of Kelantan (SPSK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Loyalty to the Crown of Kelantan (DPSK)
	Dato’		Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Services to the Crown of Kelantan (SPJK)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Services to the Crown of Kelantan (DPJK)
	Dato’	Negeri Sembilan	Knight of theOrder of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (DSNS)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (DPNS)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theGrand Order of Tuanku Jaafar (DPTJ)
	Dato’		Knight of theOrder of Loyalty to Tuanku Muhriz (DSTM)
	Dato’		Knight of theOrder of Loyal Service to Negeri Sembilan (DBNS)
	Dato'	Pahang	Knight Companion of theOrder of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (DSAP)
	Dato'		Knight Companion of theOrder of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP)
	Dato'	Penang	Companion of theOrder of the Defender of State (DMPN)
	Dato'		Officer of theOrder of the Defender of State (DSPN)
	Dato’	Perak	Knight of theOrder of Cura Si Manja Kini (DPCM)
	Dato’ Pahlawan		Knight Commander of theOrder of Taming Sari (DPTS)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Perak State Crown (DPMP)
	Dato’ Paduka	Perlis	Knight Companion of theOrder of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (DSSJ)
	Dato’ Wira		Grand Commander of theOrder of Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail of Perlis (DWSJ)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Perlis (DPMP)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (DSPJ)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DPPJ)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail of Perlis (DPSJ)
	Dato’	Selangor	Knight Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS)
	Dato’		Knight Companion of theOrder of Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (DSIS)
	Dato’	Terengganu	Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Terengganu (SPMT)
	Dato’		Knight Companion of theOrder of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (DSMZ)
	Dato’		Member Knight Companion of theOrder of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (DSMT)
	Dato’		Knight Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Terengganu (DPMT)
Datuk	Datuk	Federal Territory (Malaysia)	Knight Commander of theOrder of the Territorial Crown (PMW)
	Datuk Wira	Malacca	Knight Commander of theExalted Order of Malacca (DCSM)
	Datuk		Companion Class I of theExalted Order of Malacca (DMSM)
	Datuk		Companion Class II of theExalted Order of Malacca (DPSM)
	Datuk	Sabah	Commander of theOrder of Kinabalu (PGDK)
	Datuk	Sarawak	Grand Commander of theOrder of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (PGBK)

This title is mainly used in Brunei Darussalam. An example of the title in Brunei would bePehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti Di-Raja Dato Laila Utama Haji AwangIsa, the former Minister of Home Affairs and the current Special Adviser to the Sultan of Brunei.^[18] The titles refers to thetraditional ministers posts in Brunei.^[17]

This title is mainly used inSarawak. Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak or equivalent or higher. An example of the title in Sarawak would be Tun Pehin Sri HajiAbdul Taib Mahmud, Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak.

This title is mainly used inMalacca. Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca or equivalent or higher. An example of the title in Malacca would be Tun Seri Setia (Dr.) HajiMohd Ali Rustam, Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca.

Justice of Peace (JP) ranks below allDato' orDatuk. In Malaysia, Justices of Peace have largely been replaced in magistrates' courts by legally-qualified (first-class) stipendiarymagistrates. However, state governments continue to appoint Justices of Peace as honours. In2004, some associations of JPs pressed the federal government to allow JPs to sit as second-class magistrates to reduce the backlog of cases in the courts.

If a person has been awarded several honours from different states, the title used varies. For example, sometimes former Prime Minister,Mahathir Mohamad is usually referred to asYABhg Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad anywhere in Malaysia. However, different terms of addressmay be used in the states that he visits. In Sarawak, he will be referred to asYABhg Tun Pehin Sri Mahathir Mohamad as he received theKnight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (SBS) from theYang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak. While in Sabah, he is referred to asTun Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, as he received theGrand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) from theYang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah.

The following are used as styles, both before a person's title, and by themselves as forms of address:

• Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT) (lit. 'The Most Eminent Master') – the style of a state governor, equivalent to 'Your/His Excellency', and also as a title for serving Ambassadors to Malaysia, e.g. T.Y.T. TuanBrian D. McFeeters. Previously, the archaic equivalent to the styleHis Excellency. This was used by Singapore, Indonesia, and in Malaysia; for other Republic's leaders, while the style for Governors / Yang di-Pertuas were TuanYang Terutama.
• Yang Amat Berhormat (YAB) (lit. 'The Right Honourable') – the style of the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, thePremier of Sarawak, the chief ministers and theMenteri Besars of the states, and Tuns who are members of parliament. It used to be 'the Right Honorable', but since Malaysia withdrew as a member of thePrivy Council in the 1990s, the right to use 'Right Honourable' has been revoked.
• Yang Berhormat (YB) (lit. 'The Honourable') – the style of members of parliament and state legislative assemblymen. The prefixYang Berhormat is also used for recipients of the First and Second Classes of theJohor's Orders of Chivalry who is titled Dato' for men and Datin Paduka for women, regardless of whether a member of parliament or not.
• Yang Berhormat Mulia (YBM) (lit. 'His/Her Noble Honour') - the style for a member of royalty who is also a member of parliament (e.g. Yang Berhormat MuliaTengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji, the MP forRaub). This style is also used by royals with high ranking federal titles such as Tun (eg. Yang Berhormat Mulia TunRaja Uda).
• Yang Amat Arif (YAA) (lit. 'The Very Wise') – the style of theChief Justice of Malaysia, thePresident of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia, theChief Judge of the High Court of Malaya, and theChief Judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak.
• Yang Arif (YA) (lit. 'The Wise') – the style of a judge of the Federal Court or Court of Appeal, as well a judicial commissioner or judge of the High Court of Malaya or the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. It does not apply to session court judges or magistrates.
• Yang Amat Berbahagia (YABhg) (lit. 'The Most Honourable') – the style of persons with the titlesTun orToh Puan, and the spouses of state governors, the spouse of the prime minister, the spouse of the deputy prime minister, as well as the spouses of state chief ministers.
• Yang Berbahagia (YBhg) (lit. 'The Honourable') (and variants thereof) – the styles of persons with a chivalrous title.
• Yang Hormat (YHmt) (The Honourable) – the style for recipients of the First and Second Classes of thePahang's Orders of Chivalry.
• Yang Dihormati (YDhmti) (The Respected) -- The wife of a recipient of a Johor state honour conferred by theSultan of Johor, whose husband is titled The Honourable Dato' for example, The Respected Datin whose wife name followed by Dato' her husband name or Datin her husband surname, after her name.

The English versions of these styles followBritish usage. Thus the prime minister, cabinet ministers, senators, state executive councillors and judges of the High Court and above are styled theHonorable or theRight Honorable, although technically it is asolecism to style the prime minister or heads of courtsRight Honourable as they are not members of thePrivy Council of the United Kingdom.

• Permata orParamata, jewel or princess.
• Raja Muda crown prince or heir apparent.
• Simban, literally means 'worshipped'.
• Pengiran, equivalent to Tengku or Prince/Princess.
• Raja ruler determined by hereditary lineage.
• Tunku,Tengku,Ungku, Engku (for Johor) orprince /princess. A hereditary (paternal) title from one of the lineages of the Royal Family ofJohor,Negeri Sembilan andKedah with the style of Yang Mulia (His/ Her Highness).
• Tengku, Tuan, Ku (forKelantan,Pattani) orPrince /Princess. A hereditary (paternal) title from one of the lineages of the Royal Family of Kelantan andPattani.Tuan due to its colonial overtones, this title is mostly obsolete.In addition Tuan as an equivalent ofSir used in formal correspondence. When addressing an audience, the plural form 'tuan-tuan' (gentlemen) is used, usually combined as 'tuan-tuan dan puan-puan' (gentlemen and ladies).
• Teuku, name of the royal lineage inherited by the male line used by the Achehnese. The titleCut, for female will be inherited if her father is a descendant of Teuku or Ulee Balang (title for king/ruler).
• Raden, a royal family name used in the several Malay Sultanates inKalimantan, used extensively by thePontianak Malays.
• Andi,Daeng,Pengiran, Tengku, Raja is the title of (Buginese-Malays andMakassarese-Malays) given to those who are descendants from the Bugis Royal Family. This title is placed as the first name, for example (Andi Sipolan bin/binti Andi Sipolan) or (Andi Sipolan bin/binti Daeng Sipolan). This title is the highest and is only given to the children who descended from the Bugis Royal family, that is if the father is the descendent from Bugis Royalty. If the mother is a descendent from the Bugis Royal Family but the father is not, meaning he has no Bugis Royal Family title, the Father is a commoner who cannot use the titleAndi,Daeng,Pengiran, Tengku, Raja for his children. Examples of the House of Royal Buginese, (theHouse of Royal Buginese Luwu) and (theHouse of Royal Buginese Bone), (theHouse of Royal Makassarese Gowa), (theHouse of Royal Buginese Wajoq), (theHouse of Royal Buginese Riau), (theHouse of Opu Daeng Chelak). At least one royal family inMalaysia andBrunei also descended from Bugis Royalty.
• Abang, is a title that is particularly found inSarawak. Its use is rooted in the appointments of Datuk Patinggi, Datuk Temenggung, Datuk Bandar and Datuk Imam, centuries before the British colonisation. The children of these state dignitaries carry the title Abang (male) and Dayang (female). When an Abang marries a Dayang or a commoner, the issue will get to keep the title. The issue of a Dayang does not carry a title if they have a non-Abang father. However, if a Dayang marries a male aristocrat bearing a different title than hers, her issue will be named according to the husband's given title.
• Awang, is the term used for addressing men in Brunei equivalent to Mr. or as a given hereditary name amongst Sarawakian Malay. Anyone who inherited the name ofAwangku through patrilineal family lineage may later claim the titlePengiran since they are also related to the Brunei Sultanate. This, however, requires the approval of elders who must consider if he is mature enough to carry the title – or once he has married. As for the rule of inheritance of the name, it is the same as Abang. This Awang title is also found in theKutai tribe in Indonesia, which is generally used by aristocratic groups and their descendants.^[19]
• Dayang, is the term used for addressing women in Brunei and Kutai and it is equivalent to Ms.Dayang is also the female issue of anAbang and anAwang (see Abang and Awang).
• Syed,Sharif, (Malay, English),Habib,Syarif,Sayid, (Indonesia),Sayed, (Philippines, English,Sayyid,Sharif, (Arabic), is a title inherited by male descendants, through the male line, fromMuhammad via his grandsonsHassan andHussein. Female descendants are known asSyarifah,Habibah,Sayidah, (Indonesia),Sharifah, (Malay, English, Arabic)Sayyidah, (Arabic),Sayedah, (Philippines, English).
  • Meor,Mirza is a title inherited by the male issue of a Sharifah and non-Syed father. For females, the first letter of the name comes with 'Ma' as inMa Mastura. This is typically used in Perak and few other states such as Terengganu and Kelantan.
• Megat, (Malay), orPamegat orGat (Philippines), the title was historically inherited by a lineage from a royal maternal family with a commoner father.^[20] In the Philippines, this survives in common high-born surnamesGatdula andGatsalian, along with the Order of the PhilippinesGat (similar to a knight).
  • Puteri, is a title inherited by the female descendant of a Megat. In the Philippines, Puteri, commonly spelled asPutri,Potri,Potli, orPotre, is used to denote any royal princess of hereditary issue.
  • Tun, is a title inherited by the issue of a Puteri, the female descendant of a Megat and a commoner father, in turn inheritable through the male line. InPahang, it is the title of a male or female descendant of a Sultan through the female line. In the upper part of Terengganu,Tun is a title inherited by descendants of the now-abolishedBendahara of Terengganu.
• Wan, is a title inherited through the male line, given to a son or a daughter of a royal-family mother who married a commoner. This is typically found in Patani, Pahang, Kelantan, Kedah, Terengganu, andNatuna-Anambas. In Kedah, Wan is the title used by descendants of certain former chief ministers of the state, e.g. the descendants of Wan Mohd Saman. Wan can also be used as the title for a girl's name, though this is uncommon, e.g.Wan Azizah Wan Ismail.Wan can also be found in Sarawak, and is somehow related to the state's Syed lineage. A female issue ofWan carries the title Sharifah. AWan may later claim the titleTuanku. This, however, can only be done after he gains the approval of the elders and is considered mature enough to carry the title. The change is only eligible for those who inherit the nameWan from their family line. The issue of a Sharifah does not carry a title if he/she has a non-Wan father.
• Nik, is a title inherited by the issue of a male Nik. It is typically found in Patani,Kelantan, and Terengganu.
• Che, is a title inherited by the issue of a male Che descendants, and were also used by some Malay nobles in ancient time. Certain lineage of Raja Jembal descendants also uses the Che title. However the Che title can also be passed down from a descendant of a female Nik and non-Nik male. The Che title is commonly found in Pattani, Kedah, Kelantan, and Terengganu.

• Haji (orHajah for female) can be used by people who have completed theHajj. This title is abbreviated as 'Hj.' or 'Hjh.'.
• Tuan literally means 'master'. Due to its colonial overtones, this term is mostly obsolete. In some states likeKelantan,Pattani meansPrince /Princess. A hereditary (paternal) title from one of the lineages of the Royal Family. In addition Tuan as an equivalent ofSir, it is used in formal correspondence. When addressing an audience, the plural form 'tuan-tuan' (gentlemen) is used, usually combined as 'tuan-tuan dan puan-puan' (gentlemen and ladies).
• Encik (abbreviated 'En.') is equivalent toMr., and can be used by all men. Warrant Officers in theSingapore Armed Forces are also referred to asEncik informally.
• Puan (abbreviated 'Pn.') can be used by all married women. It is equivalent toMadam, notMrs., as most married women in Malay-speaking countries do not use the names or surnames of their husbands. For married women who use their husbands' names, they can be addressed asPuan (husband's name). It is also used in formal correspondence. When addressing an audience, the plural form 'puan-puan' (ladies) is used, usually combined with 'tuan-tuan' as 'tuan-tuan dan puan-puan'.
• Cik is equivalent toMiss, and can be used by all unmarried women.

Not allDatuks have lived exemplary lives, and some have been convicted of crimes. The various rulers have recently taken steps to ensure the integrity of the institution by means of consultation and the revoking of the given titles.

Mahathir Mohamad mentioned that one of the problems with titles in Malaysia is the numbers of them given out. He stated in an interview "Personally, I feel if you want to give value to anything, it must be limited... if you produce a million Ferrari cars, nobody will care about buying a Ferrari."^[21]

The SultanNazrin Shah of Perak, stated "That is my view. You degrade the award and the Ruler has the right to revoke it. In my opinion, it should be taken away." He also stated that "Sometimes, I think we give away too many datukships... it dilutes and devalues the award."^{[This quote needs a citation]}

In the first government following the independence of Malaya in 1957, 5 of 15 cabinet Ministers were Datuks. TheMinister of Finance of Malaysia at the time,Tan Siew Sin, held the titleJustice of Peace. Later, he was granted a Federal award which carried the titleTun. The father of Malayan independence,Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, received no awards and carried the titleTunku, which he inherited as the prince of the state of Kedah. He was honorarily referred to asYang Teramat Mulia (YTM). TheSenate held only 14Datuks, andHouse of Representatives held only seven.

The Malacca government was criticised for awarding theDatuk title to a non-Malaysian Indian actor,Shah Rukh Khan, for making movies and promoting the Malacca state internationally.^[22]

In 2024, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, SultanIbrahim Iskandar of Johor, stated "If a recipient is found to have tarnished the country’s image or commits a crime and has been punished by the court, then the award will be withdrawn. (Say) Goodbye to it." He also stated that "Accordingly, I have instructed the government to check the list of inmates in all prisons. I want any inmate with federal awards or honours to have their award withdrawn. This is only for federal awards and honours. As for awards conferred by other states, I do not interfere,".^[23]

• The Sultan of Johor revoked the titles of fourDato's in 2010.

• In 2018, the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan revoked the state honours bestowed uponMohammad Najib Abdul Razak and his wife,Rosmah Mansor.^[24]

• The Sultan of Pahang revoked the titles of twoDato's in 2004.

• TheDato's of Selangor attempted to set up an association of Selangor Dato's. It received approval from the registrar of societies, but was shelved when the Sultan forbade any Dato' from joining or otherwise risk losing their title.
• FourDatuks were removed in 2003 by the Sultan of Selangor.
• Dato' SeriAnwar Ibrahim had his title revoked by the Sultan of Selangor on 3 November 2014.^[25]
• In 2019, the Sultan of Selangor revoked the state honours bestowed uponNajib Razak and his wife,Rosmah Mansor, on 12 September 2022.^[26]

• Mohd. Jamil Al-Sufri, Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang (2003).Adat Istiadat Diraja Brunei (in Malay) (1st ed.). Bandar Seri Begawan:Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara,Jabatan Perdana Menteri.ISBN 978-99917-34-20-0.

• Special list of federal and state honours, awarded 2002–2009 —The Star, via Archive.org
• Correct forms of address in
• Selangor Sultan strips trader of title — August 2007,Malaysian Bar
• NasionCom founder charged with graft — 20 May 2008,The Star, via Archive.org

• Malay culture
• Noble titles of Malaysia
• Orders, decorations, and medals of Brunei
• Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia
• Culture of Brunei
• Culture of Malaysia
• Culture of Singapore
• Malaysian honours list
• Malaysian nobility
• Honorifics by language

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