TheUnited Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as thecities proper , the extent of theirurban area , or theirmetropolitan regions .
Definitions
The municipality of
Chongqing , China, whose administrative jurisdictional area is approximately the size of
Austria , has the largest population of any
city proper ; over 70% of its residents live in
rural areas .
A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known ascity proper .UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form oflocal government .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[ 4] [ 5] Chongqing , which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2 , around the size ofAustria . However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in arural setting .[ 6] [ 7]
Urban area A city can be defined as a conditionallycontiguous urban area , without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area.UNICEF defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According toDemographia , an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains norural land .
Metropolitan area Tokyo , the world's largest city and metropolitan areaA city can be defined by the inhabitants of itsdemographic population, as bymetropolitan area , orlabour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residentialdensity and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In theUnited States ,metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by theU.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).[ 8] Philippines , metropolitan areas have an official agency, such asMetropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which managesManila metropolitan area .[ 9] Indonesia , such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency forJakarta metropolitan area .[ 10]
List There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by theUnited Nations . The UN figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.[ 11]
City[ a] Country UN 2018 population estimates[ b] City proper [ c] Urban area [ 12] Metropolitan area [ d] Definition Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Tokyo Japan 37,468,000 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271 2,191 6,169[ 13] 37,785,000 8,231 4,591[ e] 37,274,000 13,452 2,771[ 14] Delhi India 28,514,000 Municipal corporation 16,753,235 1,484 11,289[ 15] 32,226,000 2,344 13,748[ f] 29,000,000 3,483 8,326[ 16] Shanghai China 25,582,000 Municipality 24,870,895 6,341 3,922[ 17] [ 18] 24,073,000 4,333 5,556[ g] — — — São Paulo Brazil 21,650,000 Municipality 12,252,023 1,521 8,055[ 19] 23,086,000 3,649 6,327[ h] 21,734,682 7,947 2,735[ 20] Mexico City Mexico 21,581,000 City-state 9,209,944 1,485 6,202[ 21] 21,804,000 2,530 8,618 21,804,515 7,866 2,772[ 22] Cairo Egypt 20,076,000 Urban governorate 10,044,894 3,085 3,256[ 23] 20,296,000 2,010 10,098 — — — Mumbai India 19,980,000 Municipal corporation 12,478,447 603 20,694[ 24] 24,973,000 976 25,587[ i] 23,598,000 6,328 3,729[ 25] Beijing China 19,618,000 Municipality 21,893,095 16,411 1,334[ 17] [ 18] 18,522,000 4,284 4,324 — — — Dhaka Bangladesh 19,378,000 Capital city 10,295,407 338 30,460[ 26] [ 27] 19,134,000 619 30,911 14,543,124[ 28] — — Osaka Japan 19,281,000 Designated city 2,725,006 225 12,111[ 13] 15,126,000 3,020 5,009[ j] 19,303,000 13,228 1,459[ 14] New York City United States 18,819,000 City 8,804,190 778 11,316[ 29] 21,509,000 12,093 1,779[ k] MSA : 19,557,311;CSA : 23,143,097[ 30] 12,093 1,665 Tehran Iran 16,896,000 Capital city 9,033,003 751 12,028[ 31] [ 32] 14,148,000 1,704 8,303 — — — Karachi Pakistan 15,400,000 Metropolitan city 15,738,000 591 26,629[ 33] [ 34] 20,249,000 1,124 18,015 20,249,000 1,124 18,015[ 35] [ 36] Kolkata India 15,333,000 Municipal corporation 4,496,694 206 21,829[ 37] 21,747,000 1,352 16,085 15,333,000 1,887 8,126[ 38] Buenos Aires Argentina 14,967,000 Autonomous city 3,054,300 203 15,046[ 39] 16,710,000 3,437 4,862 12,806,866[ 40] — — Chongqing China 14,838,000 Municipality 32,054,159 82,403 389[ 41] [ 18] 12,135,000 1,580 7,680 — — — Istanbul Turkey 14,751,000 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267 5,196 2,987[ 42] 14,441,000 1,471 9,817 — — — Manila Philippines 13,482,000 Capital city 1,780,148 43 41,399[ 43] 24,922,000 1,911 13,041[ l] 12,877,253 620 20,770[ 43] Lagos Nigeria 13,463,000 Metropolitan city — — — 16,637,000 1,966 8,462 21,000,000 1,171 17,933[ 44] Rio de Janeiro Brazil 13,293,000 Municipality 6,520,000 1,221 5,340[ 45] 12,592,000 2,020 6,234 12,644,321 5,327 2,374[ 46] Tianjin China 13,215,000 Municipality 13,866,009 11,920 1,163[ 17] [ 18] 10,368,000 2,813 3,686 — — — Kinshasa DR Congo 13,171,000 City-province 17,071,000 9,965 1,713[ 47] 12,836,000 474 27,080 — — — Guangzhou China 12,638,000 City (sub-provincial )18,676,605 7,434 2,512[ 17] 26,940,000 4,535 5,940[ m] — — — Los Angeles United States 12,458,000 City 3,990,456 1,214 3,287[ 29] 15,204,000 6,351 2,394 MSA : 13,291,486;CSA : 18,372,485[ 48] 12,559 1,058 Moscow Russia 12,410,000 Federal city 13,200,000 2,511 5,257[ 49] [ 50] 17,332,000 6,154 2,816 20,004,462[ 51] — — Shenzhen China 11,908,000 City (sub-provincial )17,494,398 2,050 8,534[ 17] 17,619,000 1,803 9,772 — — — Lahore Pakistan 11,738,000 Metropolitan city 13,004,135 1,772 7,339[ 52] 12,306,000 945 13,022 — — — Bengaluru India 11,440,000 Municipal corporation 8,443,675 709 11,909[ 53] 15,386,000 1,401 10,982 — — — Paris France 10,901,000 Commune 2,148,271 105 20,460[ 54] 11,060,000 2,853 3,877 12,244,807 18,941 646 Bogotá Colombia 10,574,000 Capital District 7,963,000 1,587 5,018[ 55] 10,085,000 562 17,945 12,545,272 5,934 2,114[ 56] Jakarta Indonesia 10,517,000 Special region 10,154,134 664 15,292[ 57] 33,756,000 3,546 9,519[ n] 33,430,285 7,063 4,733[ 58] Chennai India 10,456,000 Municipal corporation 6,727,000 426 15,791[ 59] [ 60] 12,395,000 1,085 11,424 11,564,000 2,280 5,072[ 61] Lima Peru 10,391,000 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000 2,672 3,329[ 62] 10,320,000 891 11,582 9,569,468 2,819 3,395[ 63] Bangkok Thailand 10,156,000 Special administrative area 8,305,218 1,569 5,293[ 64] 18,007,000 3,199 5,629 16,255,900 7,762 2,094[ 65] Seoul South Korea 9,963,000 Special city 10,013,781 605 16,552[ 66] 23,016,000 2,769 8,312 25,514,000 11,704 2,180[ 66] Nagoya Japan 9,507,000 Designated city 2,320,361 326 7,118[ 13] 9,197,000 3,704 2,483 9,363,000 7,271 1,288[ 14] Hyderabad India 9,482,000 Municipal corporation 6,993,262 650 10,759[ 67] [ 68] 10,494,000 1,404 7,474 — — — London United Kingdom 9,046,000 Capital city 8,825,001 1,572 5,614[ 69] 11,262,000 1,738 6,480 14,372,596[ 70] 8,382 1,715 Chicago United States 8,864,000 City 2,746,388 589 4,663[ 29] 9,057,000 7,006 1,293 MSA : 9,618,502;CSA : 9,806,184[ 71] 18,640 516 Chengdu China 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial )20,937,757 14,378 1,456[ 17] 20,937,757 1,935 10,821 — — — Nanjing China 8,245,000 City (sub-provincial )9,314,685 6,582 1,415[ 17] 8,422,000 1,614 5,218 — — — Wuhan China 8,176,000 City (sub-provincial )12,447,718 8,494 1,465[ 17] 12,447,718 1,722 7,229 — — — Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 8,145,000 Municipality 7,431,000 2,061 3,606[ 72] 15,136,000 2,165 6,991 — — — Luanda Angola 7,774,000 Municipality 2,165,867 116 18,671[ 73] 9,051,000 1,005 9,006 — — — Ahmedabad India 7,681,000 Municipal corporation 5,570,585 464 12,006[ 74] 8,009,000 404 19,824 6,300,000[ 75] — — Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 7,564,000 Capital city 1,768,000 243 7,276[ 76] 8,911,000 2,163 4,120 7,200,000 2,793 2,578[ 77] Xi'an China 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial )12,183,280 10,135 1,202[ 17] 12,328,000 1,826 6,751 — — — Hong Kong China 7,429,000 Special administrative region 7,298,600 1,104 6,611[ 78] [ 79] 7,450,000 290 25,690 — — — Dongguan China 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 10,466,625 2,465 4,246[ 17] 10,646,000 1,759 6,052 — — — Hangzhou China 7,236,000 City (sub-provincial )11,936,010 16,596 719[ 17] 9,523,000 1,344 7,086 — — — Foshan China 7,236,000 Prefecture-level city 9,498,863 3,848 2,469[ 17] —[ o] — — — — — Shenyang China 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial )8,294,000 12,980 639[ 17] 7,964,000 1,551 5,135[ p] — — — Riyadh Saudi Arabia 6,907,000 Municipality 6,694,000 1,913 3,499[ 80] 7,237,000 1,673 4,326 — — — Baghdad Iraq 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755 5,200 1,563[ 81] 6,183,000 694 8,909 — — — Santiago Chile 6,680,000 City (commune )236,453 22 10,748[ 82] 7,171,000 1,147 6,252 7,112,808 15,403 462[ 83] Surat India 6,564,000 Municipal corporation 4,466,826 327 13,660[ 84] 6,538,000 238 27,471 — — — Madrid Spain 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126 606 5,390[ 85] 6,211,000 1,365 4,550 6,641,649 — — Suzhou China 6,339,000 Prefecture-level city 12,748,262 8,488 1,502[ 17] 6,031,000 1,386 4,351 — — — Pune India 6,276,000 Municipal corporation 3,124,458 485 6,447[ 86] 8,231,000 650 12,663 7,276,000 7,256 1,003[ 87] Harbin China 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial )10,635,971 53,068 200[ 17] 3,830,000 671 5,708 — — — Houston United States 6,115,000 City 2,325,502 1,553 1,497[ 29] 6,500,000 4,931 1,318 6,997,384 21,395 327[ 88] Dallas United States 6,099,000 City 1,345,047 882 1,525[ 29] 6,950,000 5,278 1,317[ q] 7,470,158 22,463 333[ 89] Toronto Canada 6,082,000 City 2,731,571 630 4,336[ 90] [ 91] 6,771,000 2,344 2,889 5,928,040 5,906 1,004[ 92] Dar es Salaam Tanzania 6,048,000 City 5,383,728 1,393 3,865[ 93] 7,962,000 961 8,285 — — — Miami United States 6,036,000 City 470,914 93 5,069[ 29] 6,058,000 3,313 1,829 6,158,824 15,890 388 Belo Horizonte Brazil 5,972,000 City 2,502,557 331 7,563 5,328,000 1,287 4,140 5,156,217 9,459 545 Singapore Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 726 7,770 5,983,000 523 11,440 — — — Philadelphia United States 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 370 4,129 5,799,000 5,429 1,068 MSA : 6,096,120;CSA : 7,381,187— — Atlanta United States 5,572,000 City 498,715 354 1,408 5,478,000 7,400 740 5,949,951 21,690 274 Fukuoka Japan 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343 4,627 2,286,000 505 4,527 — — — Khartoum Sudan 5,534,000 — 1,410,858[ 94] — — 7,869,000 1,031 7,632 — — — Barcelona Spain 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343 101 15,980[ 95] 4,800,000 1,072 4,478 5,474,482[ 96] — — Johannesburg South Africa 5,486,000 Metropolitan municipality 4,803,262 1,643 2,924[ 97] 14,586,000 4,040 3,610[ r] — — — Saint Petersburg Russia 5,383,000 Federal city 5,601,911 1,400 4,001[ 98] 5,445,000 1,510 3,606 — — — Qingdao China 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial )10,071,722 11,229 897[ 99] 6,229,000 1,759 3,541 — — — Dalian China 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial )7,450,785 13,742 542[ 100] 4,135,000 1,044 3,961 — — — Washington United States 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455 177 3,969[ 29] 7,631,000 5,501 1,387[ s] 6,263,245 17,009 368[ 101] Yangon Myanmar 5,157,000 City 4,728,524[ 102] — — 6,874,000 666 10,321 — — — Alexandria Egypt 5,086,000 Urban governorate 5,441,866 2,300 2,366[ 103] 4,712,000 293 16,082 — — — Jinan China 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial )9,202,432 10,244 898[ 17] [ 18] 4,017,000 932 4,310 — — — Guadalajara Mexico 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621 151 9,176[ 21] 5,525,000 816 6,771 5,286,642 3,560 1,485
See also
Notes ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than onecore city , the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g.Dallas forDallas–Fort Worth metroplex ) or the best-known one (e.g.Manila forMetro Manila , instead ofQuezon City ). ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[ 11] ^ Figures taken from official census when possible ^ Figures taken from official census when possible ^ Includes large areasTokyo ,Kanagawa ,Chiba andSaitama prefectures and smaller areas ofGunma ,Tochigi andIbaraki prefectures. ^ IncludesFaridabad ,Ghaziabad ,Noida ,Gurgaon andBahadurgarh urban areas andNew Delhi . ^ IncludesTaicang ^ IncludesFrancisco Morato ^ IncludesKalyan and urban areas ofPanvel ,Bhiwandi andVasai-Virar . ^ Includes major cities ofKobe andKyoto , collectively also known asKeihanshin area. ^ IncludesBridgeport ,New Haven ,Trenton ,Danbury ,Waterbury andTwin Rivers urban areas. ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward itsMetro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such asBulacan ,Cavite ,Laguna ,Rizal ,Pampanga andBatangas provinces. ^ Includes the city ofFoshan . ^ IncludesTangerang ,South Tangerang ,Bogor ,Bekasi andKarawang . ^ Included in Guangzhou ^ Includes the city ofFushun . ^ Includes the city ofFort Worth , collectively known asDallas–Fort Worth metroplex . ^ Includes Pretoria ^ Includes the city ofBaltimore .
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