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Major (rank)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Military rank
Not to be confused withMayor.

Comparative military ranks
Armies,
air forces
(non-Commonwealth)		Navies,
coast guards		Air forces
(Commonwealth system)
General officers,Flag officers,Air officers
Marshal or
field marshal		Admiral of the fleetMarshal of the air force
General or
colonel general or
army general		AdmiralAir chief marshal
Lieutenant general or
army corps general		Vice admiralAir marshal
Major general or
divisional general		Rear admiral or
counter admiral		Air vice-marshal
Brigadier or
brigadier general		Commodore or
flotilla admiral		Air commodore
Senior officers
Colonel(Ship-of-the-line)
Captain		Group captain
Lieutenant colonelCommander or
frigate captain		Wing commander
Major or
commandant		Lieutenant
commander orcorvette captain		Squadron leader
Junior officers
CaptainLieutenantFlight lieutenant
First lieutenant or
lieutenant		Lieutenant
junior grade or
sub-lieutenant		Flying officer
Second lieutenant or
junior lieutenant		Ensign or
midshipman		Pilot officer
Senior NCOs
Warrant officer or
sergeant major		Warrant officer or
chief petty officer		Warrant officer
Junior NCOs
SergeantPetty officerSergeant
Corporal or
bombardier		Leading seamanCorporal
Enlisted ranks
Lance corporal or
Lance bombardier or
specialist		Able seamanLeading aircraftman or
Air specialist
Private or
gunner or
trooper or
Sepoy or
sapper		SeamanAircraftman or
airman or
aviator

Major is a senior militaryofficerrank used in many countries. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank abovecaptain in armies and air forces, and one rank belowlieutenant colonel. It is considered the most junior of thesenior officer ranks.

Background

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The use ofMajor as part of an official title inMedieval Latin has given the Spanishmayor, Frenchmaire, and Engish "mayor". In English the unadapted form "major" is the title of a military officer now ranking between a captain and a lieutenant colonel. Originally the word was used adjectivally in the title "sergeant major", an officer of high rank (third in command of an army) who performed the same duties of administration, drill and encampments on the staff of the chief commander as the sergeant in a company performs as assistant to the captain. This was in the latter half of the 16th century, and very soon afterwards the "sergeant major" became known as the "sergeant major general"—hence the modern title ofmajor general.[1][2]

By the time of theEnglish Civil War "majors" had been introduced in eachregiment of foot, who corresponded in a lesser sphere to the "major general" of the whole army.[1] An early (1643) attestation of the term, used alone, can be found inBulstrode Whitelocke'sMemorials of the English affairs: "Major Gunter was shot dead in the place, and Hampden wounded, whereof he died a week after." referring to the deaths of John Hampden and Major John Gunter in theBattle of Chalgrove Field.[3]

In the 20th century, the word appears also in the British service in "brigade major" (the adjutant or staff officer of a brigade). "Town majors" (garrison staff officers) are now no longer appointed. In the French service up to 1871 the "major general" was the chief of the general staff of a field army, and thus preserved the tradition of the former "sergeant major" or "sergeant major general".[1]

The term major can also be used to denote the leader of a military band such as inpipe major ordrum major.

Links to major ranks by country

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Alphabetically sorted by name of country:

Insignia

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Army insignia

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See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toMajors.
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