| Maguindanaon | |
|---|---|
| Basa Magindanawn باس مڬندنون | |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Maguindanao del Norte,Maguindanao del Sur,Sultan Kudarat,Cotabato,South Cotabato,Sarangani,Zamboanga del Sur,Zamboanga Sibugay,Davao del Sur,Davao del Norte,Davao Occidental,Bukidnon |
| Ethnicity | Maguindanaon |
Native speakers | 2,021,099 (2020)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin Arabic (Jawi) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Regional language in thePhilippines |
| Regulated by | Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mdh |
| Glottolog | magu1243 |
 Areas where Maguindanaon is the majority language | |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Maguindanaon (Basa Magindanawn,Jawi:باس مڬندنون), orMagindanawn is anAustronesian language spoken byMaguindanaon people who form majority of the population of eponymous provinces ofMaguindanao del Norte andMaguindanao del Sur in thePhilippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts ofMindanao such as the cities ofZamboanga,Davao,General Santos, andCagayan de Oro, and the provinces ofCotabato,Sultan Kudarat,South Cotabato,Sarangani,Zamboanga del Sur,Zamboanga Sibugay,Davao del Sur,Davao Occidental,Bukidnon as well asMetro Manila,Bulacan,Cavite,Rizal andLaguna. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the ninth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 365,032 households still speaking the language.[2]
The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of theSultanate of Maguindanao, which lasted until near the end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century.
The earliest works on the language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of theSociety of Jesus who worked in the Philippines in the second half of the 19th century.[3][4] Aside from a number of Christian religious works in the language,[6] Juanmartí also published a Maguindanao–Spanish/Spanish–Maguindanao dictionary and reference grammar in 1892.[7] Shortly after sovereignty over the Philippines wastransferred from Spain to the United States in 1898 as a result of theSpanish–American War, the American administration began publishing a number of works on the language in English, such as a brief primer and vocabulary in 1903,[8] and a translation of Juanmartí's reference grammar into English in 1906.[9]
A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors.
Maguindanaon has 3 major dialects: Ilud, Laya, and Biwangen.
Maguindanaon dialects are:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ ~ə | u |
| Mid | (e) | (o) | |
| Open | a |
The vowels[e] and[o] only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | (dʒ) | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s (z) | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
The phonemes/z/ and/dʒ/ only appear in loanwords. The sound[dʒ] also appears an allophonic realization for the sequences/d+s/ (e.g.[dʒaɭumˈanika]/(ə)dsalumanika/ 'repeat that!') and/d+i/ (only before another vowel before vowel, e.g.[ˈmidʒas]/midias/ 'stockings'); the sound[z] also appears as an allophone of/s/ before voiced consonants./ɾ/ can also be trilled[r].Intervocalic/d/ is realized as[ɾ].[10][11]
/ɾ/ and/l/ are interchangeable in words which include a writtenl, and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon./l/ may also be heard as a retroflex[ɭ] in intervocalic positions.[10] The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flappedr overl, while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favorsl.
As in theMaranao language, Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.
| Nominative (free) | Nominative (bound) | Genitive/Ergative (bound) | Oblique (free) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | saki | aku | ku | laki |
| you (singular) | seka | ka | 'engka ~nengka | leka |
| he/she/it | sekanin | sekanin | nin | lekanin |
| we (dual) | sekita | ta | ta | lekita |
| we (including you) | sekitanu | tanu | tanu | lekitanu |
| we (excluding you) | sekami | kami | nami | lekami |
| you (plural) | sekanu | kanu | nu | lekanu |
| they | silan | silan | nilan | kanilan |
Maguindanaon numerals:
| Maguindanaon | |
|---|---|
| 1 | isa/sa |
| 2 | dua |
| 3 | telu |
| 4 | pat |
| 5 | lima |
| 6 | nem |
| 7 | pitu |
| 8 | walu |
| 9 | siaw |
| 10 | sapulu |
| 20 | dua pulu |
| 30 | telu pulu |
| 40 | pat pulu |
| 50 | lima pulu |
| 60 | nem pulu |
| 70 | pitu pulu |
| 80 | walu pulu |
| 90 | siaw pulu |
| 100 | magatus |
| 1,000 | sangibu |
| English | Maguindanaon |
|---|---|
| black | maitem |
| white | maputi |
| red | maliga |
| orange | kulit |
| yellow | binaning |
| green | gadung |
| blue | bilu |
| purple | lambayung |
| pink | kasumba |
| gray | kaumbi |
| brown | malalag |
| English | Maguindanaon | English | Maguindanaon |
|---|---|---|---|
| How are you? | Ngin i betad engka? | Good morning | Mapia mapita |
| Good noon | Mapia maudtu | Good afternoon | Mapia malulem |
| Good day | Mapia gay | Good evening | Mapia magabi |
| I will go now | Lemu aku den | Until next time | Sampay sa tundug a kutika |
| You're so diligent | Sangat i katulanged nengka / Matulanged ka a benal | You're so kind | Sangat i kalimu nengka / Malimu ka a benal |
| You're so beautiful | Sangat i kanisan nengka / Manisan ka a benal | Thanks! | Sukran! |
| Thank you! | Sukran sa leka! | Thank you very much! | Sukran a benal! |
| You're welcome | Apwan | Welcome! | Talus ka! |
| Yes | Uway | No | Di |
| None | Da | Not | Kena |
| Who? | Entain? | What? | Ngin? |
| Where? | Endaw? | Which? | Endaw san? |
| When? | Kanu? | How? | Panun? |
| Why? | Enduken? | This | Inia |
| That | Intu/Nan | There | San |
| Here | Sia | In | Lu |
Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with theJawi script. Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred historyCompendio de historia universal contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script.[5]
| Letter | Name | Sound |
|---|---|---|
| A | a | [a] |
| B | ba | [b] |
| D | da | [d] |
| E | e | [ə] |
| G | ga | [g] |
| H | ha | [h] |
| I | i | [i/e] |
| J | ja | [ʒ] |
| K | ka | [k] |
| L | la | [l] |
| M | ma | [m] |
| N | na | [n] |
| Ng | nga | [ŋ] |
| P | pa | [p] |
| R | ra | [ɾ/r] |
| S | sa | [s] |
| T | ta | [t] |
| U | u | [u/o] |
| W | wa | [w] |
| Y | ya | [j] |
| Z | za | [z] |
| Character | Name |
|---|---|
| ا | alip |
| ب | ba |
| ت | ta |
| ث | t̲a |
| ج | jim |
| ح | ḥa |
| خ | xo |
| د | dal |
| ذ | ḏal |
| ر | ro |
| ز | zai |
| س | sin |
| ش | šin |
| ص | ṣod |
| ض | ḍod |
| ط | ṭo |
| ظ | ẓo |
| ع | 'ain |
| غ | ǧain |
| ڠ | nga |
| ف | fa |
| ڨ | pa |
| ق | qaf |
| ک | kaf |
| ڬ | gaf |
| ل | lam |
| م | mim |
| ن | nun |
| و | wau |
| ه | ha |
| ء | hamza |
| ي | ya |
| ى | ye |
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