 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Maceral" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(August 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Amaceral is a component, organic in origin, ofcoal oroil shale. The term 'maceral' in reference to coal is analogous to the use of the term 'mineral' in reference toigneous ormetamorphic rocks. Examples of macerals areinertinite,vitrinite, andliptinite.[1]
Inertinite is considered to be the equivalent of charcoal and degraded plant material. It is highly oxidised in nature and may be said to be burnt. A large portion of South Africa's coal reserves consist of inertinite.[citation needed]
Vitrinite is shiny, glass-like material that is considered to be composed of cellular plant material such as roots, bark, plant stems and tree trunks. Vitrinite macerals when observed under the microscope show a boxlike, cellular structure, often with oblong voids and cavities which are likely the remains of plant stems. This has a highcalorific value (24 - 28 MJ/kg) and a large proportion of volatile matter (24 - 30%). It often occurs interbanded or interlaminated with inertinite and can be recognised as bright bands.
Liptinite macerals are considered to be produced from decayed leaf matter, spores, pollen and algal matter. Resins and plant waxes can also be part of liptinite macerals. Liptinite macerals tend to retain their original plant form, i.e., they resemble plant fossils. These are hydrogen rich and have the highest calorific values of all coal macerals.
Macerals of liptinite aresporinite,cutinite,resinite,alginite (telalginite andlamalginite),liptodetrinite,fluorinite, andbituminite.
Macerals are considered to be dehydrogenated plant fragments. Evidence for this includes remnantpollenspores, fossilised leaves, remnant cellular structure and similar. In rare cases, maceral and fossilised pollen can be found in terrestrial sedimentary rocks.
Maceral maturity can be estimated byvitrinite reflectance. This gives information on the carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the coal, and determines thetype of coal:lignite,bituminous coal, oranthracite.
Macerals found inkerogen source rocks are often observed under the microscope to determine the kerogen maturity of the sedimentary formations. This is a vital component of oil and gas exploration.
Macerals are observed under thepetrographic microscope under reflected light. Coal fragments must be extremely highly polished down to less than half a micrometre before they can be observed under the microscope.
 | This article about a specificmineral ormineraloid is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |
