m1, m2, m3, m4 m1, m2, m4
Fifth and Madison Avenues Line
A 2021 Nova Bus LFS HEV (9741) on the Fort George-bound M3 arriving at the Park Avenue South & 23rd Street stop in December 2023.
Overview
System	MTA Regional Bus Operations
Operator	Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority
Garage	Mother Clara Hale Depot (M1) Manhattanville Depot (M2, M3, M4)
Vehicle	New FlyerXcelsior XDE40 Nova BusLFS HEV (except M1) Orion VII NG HEV (except M1)
Began service	1832 (trolley) 1886 (bus) 1966 (current alignment)
Route
Locale	Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Start	M1:SoHo –Grand Street M2-M3:East Village –8th Street M4:Midtown –5th Avenue-32nd Street
Via	Madison Avenue (northbound) Fifth Avenue (southbound) 110th Street (except M1)
End	M1:Harlem –147th Street M2:Washington Heights –168th Street M3:Fort George –193rd Street M4:Fort Tryon Park –The Cloisters
Length	M1 SB: 8.5 miles (13.7 km)[1] M2 SB: 9.3 miles (15.0 km)[2] M3 SB: 10.6 miles (17.1 km)[3] M4 SB: 9.8 miles (15.8 km)[4]
Other routes	Q32 (Midtown –Jackson Heights via Roosevelt Avenue) M98 3rd/Lexington Avs/Washington Heights M101 3rd/Lexington/Amsterdam Avs/125th St M102 3rd/Lexington/Lenox Avs M103 3rd/Lexington Avs/Bowery
Service
Operates	24 hours (M2) 4:50 AM- 12:50 AM (M1) 5:40 AM-12:00 AM (M3) 5:35 AM-11:20 PM (M4)
Ridership	2,559,859 (M1, 2024) 2,077,144 (M2, 2024) 2,912,505 (M3, 2024) 3,588,431 (M4, 2024)[5]
Transfers	Yes
Timetable	M1M2M3M4
Route map ← Bx46 (Bronx)  {{{system_nav}}}  M5 →

TheM1,M2,M3, andM4 are four local bus routes that operate along theone-way pair ofMadison andFifth Avenues in the borough ofManhattan inNew York City betweenGreenwich Village andHarlem.

The routes are the successors to theNew York and Harlem Railroad'sFourth and Madison Avenues Line, which began operations in 1832 as the firststreet railway in the world, and several lines of theFifth Avenue Coach Company, a bus operator that started running on Fifth Avenue in 1886.

The M1, M2, M3, and M4 all run betweenMidtown orLower Manhattan andUpper Manhattan, while theQ32 runs from Midtown north along Fifth and Madison Avenues and east over theQueensboro Bridge toJackson Heights, Queens. The M4 terminates and originates near32nd Street, while theQ32 begins atPenn Station, joining Madison Avenue at32nd Street (northbound) and leaving Fifth Avenue at37th Street (southbound). Thus, all four routes are on Fifth and Madison Avenues from 34th Street to 110th Street.

The M1 begins its route inSoHo at the intersection ofCentre Street andGrand Street. It continues up Centre andLafayette Streets, then 4th Avenue toUnion Square, where it changes names to Union Square East. Union Square East continues past Union Square asPark Avenue South. The M1 turns off Park Avenue South at East 25th Street for one block, and then immediately turns right onto Madison Avenue. The M1 follows Madison Avenue all the way to East 135th Street, where it again turns left for one block, and then immediately turns right onto Fifth Avenue (becoming a two-way at this point). It travels up Fifth to West 139th Street, turns left for a block, and turns right ontoLenox Avenue to its terminus at 148th Street. The M1 travels south the same route, but entirely on Fifth Avenue between 139th Street and 8th Street (except for a short deviation aroundMarcus Garvey Park at 124th Street), then onBroadway from 8th Street to Grand Street.^[6]

During weekdays, every other southbound trip terminates inEast Village, Manhattan, using 8th Street (St. Marks Place) to travel between 5th and 4th Avenues.^[6] All trips run to/from Grand Street on weekends. Some southbound trips may terminate at 5th Avenue and 42nd Street.

The M1 has a peak direction limited stop service on weekday rush hours, running to/from Grand Street and making limited stops between 8th Street and 110th Street. While the limited is running, local trips run to/from 8th Street; it is local at all other times.^[6]

The M2 follows the same route as the M1 north until East 110th Street, where it turns west. It travels aroundDuke Ellington Circle and alongCentral Park North toAdam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and turns right (north). The M2 follows 7th Avenue (as it is locally known) until West 155th Street, where it turns left and then turns right onto Edgecombe Avenue. The M2 follows Edgecombe Avenue to West 165th Street, and terminates at West 168th Street and Audubon Avenue. It follows the same route south, except using Fifth Avenue instead of Madison.^[7]

The M2 also has a limited-stop variant, making limited stops south of 110th Street with no local service during the daytime. At other times, it runs local only.^[7] Some northbound buses may terminate at 7th Avenue and 145th Street.

The M3 follows the same route as the M2, except it continues west past Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard along West 110th Street to Manhattan Avenue. It follows Manhattan Avenue, which becomes St. Nicholas Avenue. At 190th Street, the northbound M3 turns east, then continues north along Amsterdam Avenue to a terminus at St. Nicholas Avenue and West 192nd Street. Southbound buses begin on St. Nicholas Avenue and West 192nd Street and continue down St. Nicholas Avenue, Manhattan Avenue, Central Park North, and Fifth Avenue. During late nights the M3 terminates at St. Nicholas Avenue and West 125th Street.^[8]

The M4 begins at the intersection of East 32nd Street and Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It turns left onto Madison Avenue and follows the same route as the M3 from here, except it continues west past Manhattan Avenue along West 110th Street, then Cathedral Parkway, to Broadway. The M4 turns north onto Broadway and travels along Broadway to West 165th Street. At 165th Street, the M4 turns left and then immediately turns right onto Fort Washington Avenue. The M4 continues up Fort Washington Avenue to the entrance of Fort Tryon Park. WhenThe Cloisters Museum is open, the M4 continues north along Margaret Corbin Drive to the entrance to the museum.^[9]

M4 buses make limited-stops in the peak direction during weekday rush hours (downtown in the morning, uptown in the evening), making limited stops south of 157th Street while also making local stops along 110th Street. Local service runs at all other times.^[9] Some northbound buses may terminate at Broadway and 135th Street.

TheNew York and Harlem Railroad (NY&H) was the first railroad in Manhattan, opening fromCity Hall north alongCentre Street,Broome Street (northbound trains were later moved toGrand Street),the Bowery,Fourth Avenue, and Park Avenue toHarlem in the 1830s, and was extended southwest alongPark Row toBroadway in 1852. A branch opened along42nd Street and Madison Avenue to73rd Street in 1870, and the NY&H began to operate streetcars along this route; it was later extended to Harlem.

Buses were substituted for streetcars by theMadison Avenue Coach Company in March 1936. TheNew York City Omnibus Corporation took over operations in 1951, and changed its name toFifth Avenue Coach Lines in 1956; theManhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority took over operations in 1962.

When the bus that replaced theLexington and Lenox Avenues Line was terminated, the Madison Avenue bus was extended west on 139th Street and north onLenox Avenue to147th Street. When Madison Avenue became one-way northbound, southbound traffic was moved to Fifth Avenue, replacing the original route of theFifth Avenue Coach Company. TheFifth Avenue Transportation Company (later the Fifth Avenue Coach Company) began operatingstages on Fifth Avenue between11th Street and59th Street on January 23, 1886.^[10] The company was formed because the wealthy residents of Fifth Avenue did not want astreet railway.^[11][12] The route was later extended south toWashington Square Park and north to89th Street,^{[citation needed]} and in 1900 the company was authorized to extend north to135th Street, and to operate on other streets including110th Street andRiverside Drive to124th Street.^[13] More extensions, on32nd Street from Fifth Avenue west toSeventh Avenue (Penn Station) and north from 110th Street onSeventh Avenue andManhattan Avenue/St. Nicholas Avenue to155th Street, were soon authorized.^{[citation needed]} After the company'shorse cars were replaced withmotor buses in July 1907, it began operating these extensions,^{[citation needed]} and assigned them numbers in 1916 or 1917:^[14][15]

1. Fifth Avenue to 135th Street
2. Fifth and Seventh Avenues toPolo Grounds (155th Street and St. Nicholas Place)
3. Fifth and St. Nicholas Avenues to Polo Grounds
4. Fifth Avenue and Riverside Drive via 110th Street to 135th Street and Broadway
5. Fifth Avenue and Riverside Drive via 57th Street to 135th Street and Broadway
6. 72nd Street Crosstown via 57th Street

The Fifth Avenue Coach Company (FACCo) obtained a permit on July 1, 1925, and on July 9 began operating its15 and16 routes.^[16] The 15 (now theQ32) began at Fifth Avenue and25th Street atMadison Square Park, and traveled north on Fifth Avenue, east via57th Street to theQueensboro Bridge, and alongQueens Boulevard,Roosevelt Avenue, and 25th Street (now 82nd Street) toNorthern Boulevard inJackson Heights, Queens. The short 16 (Elmhurst Crosstown) was renamed Q89 on July 1, 1974,^[17][18] began at Roosevelt Avenue and 82nd Street and used Baxter Avenue andBroadway to reach Queens Boulevard inElmhurst.^[19]

Even before the Fifth Avenue company began operating its coaches, theNew York and Harlem Railroad was operating itsFourth and Madison Avenues Line ofhorse cars, latertrolleys, mainly onFourth Avenue below andMadison Avenue above42nd Street (Grand Central Terminal). TheMadison Avenue Coach Company, aNew York Railways subsidiary,^[20] started operating replacement buses on February 1, 1935. Several changes were made to the route: instead ofthe Bowery, a shorter alignment viaCentre Street andLafayette Street was used, and a variant stayed on Madison Avenue south to26th Street and short-turned atAstor Place.^[21] As part of theNew York City Omnibus Corporation system (NYCO; also a New York Railways subsidiary), these two routes were numbered 1 (via Park Avenue) and 2 (short-turnvia Madison Avenue).^[22]

On July 17, 1960,Lexington Avenue andThird Avenue became aone-way pair. The NYCO's4, which had traveled along Lexington Avenue,116th Street, andLenox Avenue to northernHarlem, was discontinued. To cover this travel pattern, the 1 was extended west on 135th Street and north on Lenox Avenue, and the 2 was realigned to turn west on 116th Street and north on Lenox Avenue.^[23] The path of the 1 and 2 south ofUnion Square was changed on November 10, 1963, to useBroadway rather than Fourth Avenue and Lafayette Street, due to Lafayette Street becomingone-way northbound and Broadway becoming one-way southbound.^[24] On that same day, the southern terminus for FACCo's 2 and 3 was moved to8th Street andFourth Avenue,^[25] after terminating the prior two months at 8th Street between Fifth Avenue andUniversity Place following a ban on all bus traffic through their prior terminus ofWashington Square imposed by the city on September 2, 1963.^[26] As part of the new pattern, the 2 and 3 turned at Fourth Avenue ontoWanamaker Place and then onto Fifth Avenue.

Fifth and Madison Avenues becameone-way streets on January 14, 1966, and the four FACCo routes on Fifth Avenue past Central Park and the two NYCO routes on Madison Avenue were combined into four routes on both avenues. In particular, the following changes were made:^[27][28]

• The NYCO's 1 and FACCo's 1 were combined. The northbound route of the new 1 followed the old NYCO 1 along Park Avenue, 39th Street, Madison Avenue, 135th Street, and Lenox Avenue, and the southbound route used Lenox Avenue and 135th Street to join the old FACCo 1 at Fifth Avenue. Buses left the old FACCo route at 40th Street, heading south on the old NYCO route on Park Avenue and Broadway.
• The NYCO's 2 and FACCo's 2 (since extended to168th Street viaEdgecombe Avenue) were combined. Again, the southbound route generally followed the FACCo's 2, and the northbound route was the NYCO's 2. North of 110th Street, the combined route had two variants, watching the two divergent routes. One, designated by MaBSTOA as the Seventh Avenue branch (and numbered 2A), followed the FACCo's 2 along 110th Street and Seventh Avenue, continuing along Seventh and Edgecombe Avenues to 168th Street, while the other (designated the Lenox Avenue branch) used 116th Street and Lenox Avenue to 147th Street (NYCO's 2). FACCo's 2 was renamed 2A from 1966 to 1974, while NYCO's 2 had its route south of 116th Street moved toThird Avenue northbound andLexington Avenue southbound, and its route number changed to 101A, on March 2, 1969 (renumberedM102 on July 1, 1974).^[29]
• The FACCo's 3 (since extended toFort George via St. Nicholas Avenue), 4 (since extended toFort Tryon Park viaFort Washington Avenue, and ending atPenn Station in the south), and 15 were essentially moved northbound from Fifth Avenue to Madison Avenue south of 110th Street. Where it made a difference, the NYCO's 2 was more closely followed.

The 1 and 4 routes (later the M1 and M4, respectively) were among the first routes to get limited-stop service, in 1973.^[30] In 1976, eight double-decker buses were placed into service on the M4 andM5 routes as part of a two-year test.^[31] The buses were 14.5 feet (4.4 m) tall, which required the relocation of several traffic lights and removal of tree limbs along the routes.^[32][33]

Limited-stop service on the M2 began between 110th Street and 8th Street on October 14, 1991, replacing local service between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.^[34] In September 1995, limited-stop service was implemented on Saturdays between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. In January 2000, the MTA Board announced plans to implement limited-stop M2 service on Sundays between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. due to continued increases in weekend ridership. The change was to take effect in spring 2000, and was expected to reduce costs by $25,000 a year.^[35] On May 21, 2000, this change took effect. On the same day, Sunday M3 service began starting 17 minutes earlier.^[36]

In March 2000, plans were announced to reroute the M4 to run via the same route in both directions between West 159th Street and West 165th Street. Buses would run via Broadway, West 165th Street, and Fort Washington Avenue. At the time, northbound buses ran via Broadway and West 168th Street before turning north onto Fort Washington Avenue, while southbound buses ran via Fort Washington Avenue before turning south onto Broadway. The change would be made to eliminate the M4's asymmetric route and reroute it from a congested block of West 168th Street.^[37] In May 2000, the MTA announced plans to revise the terminal loop for the M2 and M18 bus routes and relocate their terminal from West 167th Street between Audubon Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue to the northern side of West 168th Street between Audubon Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. The M2 made a circuitous route to reach the 168th Street subway station, including a u-turn from northbound St. Nicholas Avenue to southbound Broadway, and the M18 misses the subway station. The M18 bus route missed the terminal loop of the M2 would be revised to run along Audubon Avenue, West 168th Street, and Broadway instead of Audubon Avenue, West 167th Street, St. Nicholas Avenue, West 168th Street, and Broadway. The M18 bus terminal loop would be revised from consisting of Audubon Avenue, West 167th Street, and St. Nicholas Avenue to consisting of Audubon Avenue, West 168th Street, Broadway, West 166th Street, and St. Nicholas Avenue. The revised changes would eliminate the u-turn and, by having southbound M18 buses share a stop with the M2 and M3 at Broadway and West 168th Street, could potentially equalize boarding on those routes. The change was expected to be implemented in mid-2000.^[38] On July 2, 2000, the changes in M2, M4, and M18 bus service took effect.^[36]

Plans were announced in April 2002 to reroute northbound evening and late night M2 service off of Wanamaker Place, University Place, and East 14th Street and onto Fourth Avenue, which was the route used by M2 during the rest of the day. The change was made so M2 service would not be split between two corridors overnight, to simplify M2 service, reduce travel times by three to five minutes, and consolidate late night M1 and M2 service.^[39] The service change took effect on June 30, 2002.^[40]

On June 25, 2010, as a result of service cuts, MTA no longer operated weekend M1 service into Midtown, instead terminating at 106th Street. After numerous requests to rescind some of the 2010 service cuts, the MTA restored the M1 to 8th Street on the weekends on January 6, 2013.^[41] There was a proposal underway to re-extend this line back down toWorth Street in early 2017. In this proposal, every other bus would go to Worth Street viaBowery andThird Avenue, returning uptown viaCentre Street andLafayette Street.^[42] The M1 was extended back down toGrand Street on September 3, 2017, though downtown buses run onBroadway. Service will eventually be re-extended to Worth Street, after which the downtown buses running below 8th Street will be rerouted onto Bowery.^[42]

In April 2018, it was proposed to permanently truncate the M4's southern terminal to 41st Street. This was due to a street-widening along 32nd Street that would cause delays for M4 buses from terminating there, since that portion of the route was shared with theQ32, which continues northward from Penn Station toJackson Heights, Queens. The change would occur in summer 2018.^[43] To allow M4 riders to access Penn Station, and vice versa, free transfers would be available between Q32 and M4 buses going in the same direction.^[44] However, the plan was then changed to have the M4 continue down to 32nd Street, where it would terminate midway between 5th and Madison Avenues, two blocks from Penn Station.^[45] This was likely done to minimize the impact of the route changes because of the 32nd Street widening, while still maintaining the same connectivity with other routes, like theM34 andM34A SBS at 34th Street.

On June 30, 2024, the M2 stop on Audubon Avenue at West 165th Street was discontinued and was redirected to Amsterdam Avenue,^[46] and the M3 stop terminal was relocated to St. Nicholas Avenue at West 192nd Street.^[47] The northbound M4 stop on East 32nd Street at Fifth Avenue was relocated to Madison Avenue at East 32nd Street. The stop on East 32nd Street at Fifth Avenue was changed to be a drop-off only stop.^[48]

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