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 M11 highlighted in blueShow interactive map _map.svg) Shown with UK motorway network Show UK motorways map | ||||
 The M11 north ofCambridge, 2008 | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Maintained byNational Highways | ||||
| Length | 55.0 mi (88.5 km) | |||
| Existed | 1975–present | |||
| History | Opened: 1975 Completed: 1980 | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| Southwest end | South Woodford | |||
| Major intersections |   M25 motorway | |||
| Northeast end | Girton | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United Kingdom | |||
| Counties | Greater London,Essex,Cambridgeshire | |||
| Primary destinations | London Harlow Stansted Airport Cambridge | |||
| Road network | ||||
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TheM11 is a 55-mile-long (89 km)motorway that runs north from theNorth Circular Road (A406) atSouth Woodford to theA14 atGirton, northwest ofCambridge, England. It was originally proposed as a trunk road as early as 1915; various plans were considered throughout the 1960s, with final construction being undertaken between 1975 and 1980. The motorway was opened in stages, with the first stage between junctions 7 and 8 opening in June 1975, and the completed motorway becoming fully operational in February 1980. The motorway provides direct access toHarlow and Cambridge, and since 2002 has greatly improved access toLondon Stansted Airport.
The M11 starts inSouth Woodford in northeast London, just north of Redbridge Roundabout, and crosses theNorth Circular (A406) at junction 4. It then headsNNE, passing east ofLoughton andTheydon Bois as well asEpping Forest, meeting theM25 motorway at junction 6, and then veering approximately north, passing to the east ofHarlow. The M11 gives access toBishop's Stortford and the motorway's onlyservice station via junction 8. This is followed immediately by the recently constructed junction 8A, which provides a free-flow link to the improvedA120 that links toStansted Airport. The M11 then traverses part ofCambridgeshire, meeting a spur for theA11 at junction 9, Stump Cross, and then finally ends at junction 14, the Girton Interchange, with the road continuing through the junction and becoming theA14, which continues the route on toHuntingdon and the north.
The motorway starts with two lanes southbound and three northbound; then, north ofWoodford Bridge, both directions have three lanes, a layout that continues up to junction 8A, except for a brief two-lane section at junction 6, beneath the M25. From junction 8 the motorway has two lanes in both directions all the way to junction 14 where the motorway terminates. The motorway is illuminated at the southern terminus near junction 4, at junction 6 (the M25 interchange), and also at the approach to junction 8/8A (Stansted Airport/Bishop's Stortford), and then at the northern terminus at junction 14, for the A14. All four of these sections use modernhigh-pressure sodium (SON) lighting. The older, yellow, low-pressure sodium (SOX) lighting originally used at junctions 4 and 6 was replaced in 2005. The M11 junctions 1, 2 and 3 do not exist (see theHistory section below for an explanation).
Plans for an 'Eastern Avenue' in London had been proposed as early as 1915, and the Eastern Avenue Extension was causing local concern in Leyton and Hackney during the late 1950s and early 1960s.[1] It was opposed by a number of groups, including the Hackney Society[2] and local residents as represented by their member of parliament in 1962.[3]
By 1966, theMinistry of Transport was planning a longer road and for it to be partly motorway. The first version had a mid-south section, to follow aRiver Lea route, starting atAngel southwest ofDalston, heading northeast then north, taking land by the river inWalthamstow,Chingford andWaltham Cross, and meeting the built road alignment of today north ofHarlow. The road from South Woodford toIslington would have been designated as the M12. The route was in planning stages with several options, with differences between the plans preferred by the Greater London Council and the Ministry of Transport[citation needed] – a different version called for this 'Eastern Avenue' to run more east–west alongside theRegent's Canal and the north side ofVictoria Park,Hackney Wick, where it would have connected to theNorth Cross andEast Cross Routes at the northeast corner of aninner ringway identified by theLondon Ringways[n 1] plan.[citation needed]
There were three proposed routes from the inner toouter ringway (North Circular) at the base of the current M11, and it is unclear which one was favoured.[citation needed]
Under one scheme, south of South Woodford a connection would have been made with the western end of a proposed "M12" towardsColchester. These proposals also made the case for anM15 motorway for the Ringway 2, a major upgrade of theNorth Circular Road to typical motorway standard. When the southern end of the current M11 ended here, space was provided between the two carriageways to enable an offshoot of 'the M12' to merge from the southwest: junctions 1, 2 and 3 were reserved for this additional inner London section. Part of the unbuilt route of a southern section of the M11 is seen from a sliproad from the North Circular to the M11 which travels over a bridge over bare land.
It was announced in March 1975 that from junction 8 (Bishops Stortford/Stansted exit) to the northern terminus, (thus including the Cambridge western bypass) would not be "constructed to M1 standard".[4] This was another way of stating that, following a change in government policy, this section would comprise two rather than three lanes in each direction.[4]
TheM11 Link Road, or more formally 'A12 Hackney to M11 link road' (in fact leading to the North Circular) was constructed during the 1990s fromHackney Wick byVictoria Park to the Redbridge Roundabout—the interchange with the North Circular—and was opened in 1999[n 2].[5] The route of this road, which followed a similar route to one of the initial proposals[citation needed] resulted in the protractedM11 link road protest between 1993 and 1995, one of a spate of majorUK road protests under theMajor ministry.
A new junction 7a was opened on 10 June 2022. The stated aims for this development are:[6][7]
An official plan to add north-facing connections at junction 5 inDebden,Loughton was abandoned in 1998.[8]
 A map showing the 2009 proposal for widening of the M11 and surrounding road proposals | |
| Location | Essex |
|---|---|
| Proposer | Highways Agency |
| Status | suspended |
| Type | road |
| Cost estimate | £698 million (2007) |
| Geometry | KML |
TheHighways Agency tabled proposals to upgrade the M11, between junction 6 and 8, from three lanes plus hard shoulder to four each way with an estimated cost of £698 million given in 2007.[9]A number of public consultations were made throughout 2007[10] and although efforts were made to limit environmental damage the scheme would cause disruption and loss of habitat to three designated ecological areas and aSite of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) at Gernon Bushes.[11] Maps of the proposal and previously discounted options were published by the Highways Agency. Plans were abandoned in March 2009 when theSecretary of State for Transport announced that no changes would be made to this section of motorway before 2021.[12]
The motorway was opened in stages. The stretch between junctions 7 and 8 opened in 1975, and that between junctions 4 and 7 in 1977.[n 3] The stretch from junctions 8 to 9 opened in 1979; that between junctions 9 and 14 in 1980; and the full length became fully operational in February 1980.[citation needed]
Budgets were tight during the 1970s when the road was built, so theroad surface was of unsurfacedconcrete between junction 14 and a point approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south of junction 7. South of this stretch, where the road runs on soft ground close to theRiver Roding, concrete was considered unsuitable owing to the looseness of thesubsoil and the consequent risk of random cracking, so the surface here was oftarmac from the start.
The motorway's first, and only, service station, Birchanger Green Services at junction 8, opened in 1996. The services also serve theA120, a major high-speed dual-carriageway road, running from junction 8A to the eastern fringe ofBraintree, it continues on toColchester as a busy single-carriageway road.[citation needed]
There had been plans for a service station on the motorway as long ago as 1969, namedChigwell, between that village andLoughton, which led to the construction of spur roads and a restricted lorry park; during theLondon Olympics 2012 these were used as a works unit.[citation needed] The plans for a service station at this site were officially dropped in 1980.[citation needed]
A service station was planned in the early 1970s at Whiteditch Farm, betweenWendens Ambo andNewport, Essex.[14]
From the late 1990s onward, the concrete surface that had greatly degraded was progressively replaced with standard layers of tarmac, anddrainage improvements were implemented at the same time. This work was completed in June 2008.
Junction 8A for the A120 road and Stansted Airport opened in December 2002.
By way of complementary plans forproposed expansion ofStansted Airport, the Highways Agency collaborated withBAA on improvements to transport access to the airport[11] including two proposals for the M11, one of which has been deemed unnecessary, junctions 6–8, see above and the other of which, including spur road and junction additions may be approved by the government if Stansted expansion takes place.[15]
 A map showing the proposed road development at the entry to Stansted Airport | |
| Location | Essex |
|---|---|
| Proposer | Highways Agency |
| Status | suspended |
| Type | Road |
| Cost estimate | £131 million |
A joint scheme involving works on junctions on the M11 andA120. This scheme was part of an aborted plan to add a second runway to Stansted Airport. It proposed changes to junction 8 of the M11 with the creation of junction 8B, linked to and situated just north of junction 8/8A and the creation of a new junction on the A120, to provide additional rapid access to the expanded airport.[16] The scheme was given an estimated cost of £131 million in May 2008.[17]
A number of public consultations and exhibitions were held throughout 2007. Findings from these showed that although the public had several concerns regarding environmental impact 57% of attendees agreed the scheme would be necessary if the Stansted Airport expansion proceeded.[16] Following the public consultation, the preferred route was published on 5 March 2008 and the draft orders on 27 March 2008. A pre-public inquiry meeting took place on 10 November 2008,[18] with a public inquiry due in April 2009.[19] However, this was delayed until further notice following BAA's appeal against theMarch 2009 ruling of the Competition Commission and the proposal lapsed when the application for a second runway was withdrawn by BAA in 2010.[20][21]
On 2 June 2002, a brake failure on anAero L-39 Albatross landing at theImperial War Museum Duxford caused the plane to run off the end of the runway and down an embankment onto the southbound carriageway of the motorway. The trainee pilot was killed when heejected at ground level, but the instructor survived the accident and no vehicles on the motorway were involved.[22] The main runway at Duxford had been shortened in 1977 from 6,000 feet (1,800 m) to 4,800 feet (1,500 m) when the motorway was built. More recently, even though Duxford already met all licensing requirements, the declared length was reduced to 4,010 feet (1,220 m) to increase safety further than existing measures.[23][24]
In January 2003, thousands of motorists became stranded on "White Friday" for up to 20 hours between junctions 7 and 9 during a snowstorm.[25]
 | This article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections whichshould be presented in a properly formatted junction table. Please consultthis guideline for information on how to create one. Pleaseimprove this article if you can.(December 2021) |
Data fromdriver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information.[26]
Life in the Fast Lane: The No M11 Story (1995) is a documentary film that recounts the story of the No M11 Campaign.
Geographic data related toM11 motorway atOpenStreetMap
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