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Māngere (electorate)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electoral district in Auckland, New Zealand

Māngere
Single-member general constituency for theNew ZealandHouse of Representatives
Formation1969
RegionAuckland
CharacterSuburban
Term3 years
Member for Māngere

Lemauga Lydia Sosene[1]
since14 October 2023
PartyLabour
Previous MPWilliam Sio (Labour)
Party vote distribution




Māngere (spelledMangere before 1997) is a New Zealand parliamentaryelectorate, returning one member of parliament to theRepresentatives of New Zealand. The current MP for Māngere isLemauga Lydia Sosene of theLabour Party. She has held this electorate since2023.[2]

Population centres

[edit]

Through an amendment in the Electoral Act in 1965, the number of electorates in theSouth Island was fixed at 25, an increase of one since the 1962 electoral redistribution.[3] It was accepted that through the more rapid population growth in theNorth Island, the number of its electorates would continue to increase, and to keep proportionality, three new electorates were allowed for in the 1967 electoral redistribution for the next election.[4] In the North Island, five electorates were newly created (including Mangere) and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[5] In the South Island, three electorates were newly created and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[6] The overall effect of the required changes was highly disruptive to existing electorates, with all but three electorates having their boundaries altered.[7] These changes came into effect with the1969 election.[4]

Māngere is based around theSouth Auckland suburbs ofMāngere,Māngere Bridge,Favona andMāngere East. It has existed as an electorate since 1969; its boundaries were extended ahead of the introduction ofmixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in1996, swallowing up a section of the formerPapatoetoe electorate.

In the 2007 boundary redistribution,Papatoetoe andMiddlemore were transferred to theManukau East electorate.[8] The 2013/14 and 2020 redistributions did not change the boundaries further.[9] The 2025 boundary review moved an area inPapatoetoe betweenState Highway 1 and theNorth Island Main Trunk fromManurewa while transferring back an area inWiri.[10]

History

[edit]

Māngere, and all of South Auckland, forms the safest part of the Labour Party's core vote. Even during landslide elections in theNational Party's favour, such as in1975 and1990, no Labour candidate for Māngere was seriously troubled.

Māngere was first represented byColin Moyle of the Labour Party in1969. Moyle represented the electorate until his resignation in 1977 over what became known as the 'Moyle Affair', and asubsequent by-election was won by a young barrister namedDavid Lange, who would become Prime Minister after Labour's1984 election victory. Lange retired in 1996 and the nomination was handed to Taito Phillip Field, at the time the MP forOtara. Field was returned with a high share of the vote in subsequent elections, but following his expulsion from the Labour caucus in 2007, his former party nominated formerManukau City deputy mayorWilliam Sio in his place, who won the seat with a majority of over 7,000 votes in the2008 election.[11] In the2011 and2014 elections, Sio's majority was circa 15,000 votes.[12][13]

Members of Parliament

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and started at general elections.

Key

  Labour  National  Independent

ElectionWinner
1969 electionColin Moyle
1972 election
1975 election
1977 by-electionDavid Lange
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
1996 electionTaito Phillip Field[a]
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 electionWilliam Sio
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election
2020 election
2023 electionLemauga Lydia Sosene

List MPs

[edit]

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Māngere electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

ElectionWinner
2005 electionClem Simich
2013Claudette Hauiti[b]
2019Agnes Loheni[c]

Election results

[edit]

2023 election

[edit]
2023 general election: Māngere[14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourLemauga Lydia Sosene17,29759.61–14.3518,04260.72–15.66
NationalRosemary Bourke5,58519.24+7.375,65619.03+10.04
GreenPeter Sykes2,7009.30+3.132,3067.76+3.83
Te Pāti MāoriHilda Peters9343.216282.11+1.23
ACTPothen Joseph6702.306242.10+0.58
Vision NZFuiavailili Alailima5351.84
IndependentBrooke Pao Stanley5021.73
NZ First 9733.27+0.55
Opportunities 2720.91+0.51
Freedoms NZ 2660.89
NewZeal 2440.82+0.58
Legalise Cannabis 1200.400.00
NZ Loyal 940.31
New Conservatives 540.18–1.52
Animal Justice 410.13
Women's Rights 260.08
DemocracyNZ 170.05
Leighton Baker Party 120.04
New Nation 110.03
Informal votes793327
Total valid votes29,01629,713
LabourholdMajority11,71240.36–21.73

2020 election

[edit]
2020 general election: Māngere[15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYWilliam Sio23,10473.96+5.2724,16776.38+5.94
NationalAgnes Loheni3,70811.87−3.492,8468.99−8.20
GreenPeter Brian Sykes1,9306.17+1.781,2463.93+1.24
New ConservativeFuiavailili Alailima8662.77+2.085401.70+1.44
IndependentWayne Tetou Nooroa1660.53
Climate FirstLeslie Jones570.18
NZ First 8622.72−2.38
ACT 4831.52+1.40
Advance NZ 3331.05
Māori Party 2800.88−1.14
Legalise Cannabis 1280.40+0.14
Opportunities 1270.40−0.27
Vision NZ 1020.32
ONE 790.24
Sustainable NZ 120.03
Social Credit 110.03
Outdoors 90.02+0.01
TEA 90.02
Heartland 30.01
Informal votes1,255400
Total valid votes31,23731,637
Turnout31,90868.35[16]
LabourholdMajority19,39662.09+8.76

2017 election

[edit]
2017 general election: Māngere[17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYWilliam Sio18,81068.69−2.4019,93170.44+3.51
NationalAgnes Loheni4,21315.36+0.414,86417.19+1.68
GreenElaine Dyett1,2034.39−0.087602.69−1.24
NZ FirstMataroa Paroro1,0974.011,4475.10−2.18
Māori PartyEsther Tofilau-Tevaga8803.225732.02+1.57
Mana PartyJames Papali'i3301.21−0.81480.17
ConservativeKevin Stitt1890.69730.26−2.78
Communist LeagueFelicity Coggan480.18
Opportunities 1910.67
Legalise Cannabis 740.26−0.05
People's Party 370.13
ACT 350.12−0.13
United Future 100.04−0.05
Internet 60.02
Ban 1080 30.01−0.03
Outdoors 30.01
Democrats 20.01−0.02
Informal votes613240
Total valid votes27,36328,297
LabourholdMajority14,95753.33−2.82

2014 election

[edit]
2014 general election: Māngere[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYWilliam Sio18,90871.09−4.8118,47066.93−4.89
NationalMisa Fia Turner3,97514.95+2.354,28115.51+1.15
ConservativeEdward Saafi1,4735.54+3.108393.04+1.43
GreenMuamua Sofi Strickson-Pua1,1904.47+0.171,0843.93+0.08
ManaJames Papali'i5362.02+0.26
NZ First 2,0087.28+1.42
Internet Mana 3241.17+0.16[d]
Māori Party 1240.45−0.09
Legalise Cannabis 860.31−0.07
ACT 680.25−0.06
United Future 260.09−0.11
Ban 1080 100.04+0.04
Democrats 70.03+0.03
Independent Coalition 50.02+0.02
Focus 30.01+0.01
Civilian 30.01+0.01
Informal votes514514
Total valid votes26,59627,597
Turnout27,59766.69+3.44
LabourholdMajority14,93356.15−7.15

2011 election

[edit]
2011 general election: Māngere[12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYWilliam Sio18,17775.90+23.4917,96071.82+10.22
NationalClaudette Hauiti[b]3,01812.60-1.353,59214.36-2.07
GreenTodd Ross1,0304.30+2.069623.85+1.81
NZ FirstOlivia Ilalio5972.49+2.491,4665.86+2.55
ConservativeFa'avae Gagamoe5842.44+2.444021.61+1.61
ManaJames Papali'i4221.76+1.762521.01+1.01
ACTCasey Costello1210.51-0.52770.31-0.81
Māori Party 1340.54-0.43
Legalise Cannabis 950.38-0.003
United Future 490.20-0.67
Alliance 140.06+0.03
Libertarianz 40.02-0.01
Democrats 00.00-0.01
Informal votes856518
Total valid votes23,94925,007
LabourholdMajority15,15963.30+33.78

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 39,534[19]

2008 election

[edit]
2008 general election: Māngere[20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourWilliam Sio12,65152.4015,44661.60
PacificRed XNTaito Phillip Field5,52522.892,68310.70
NationalMita Harris3,36813.954,12016.43
Family PartyGalumalemana Jerry Filipaina9994.142971.18
GreenMuamua Sofi Strickson-Pua5412.245112.04
United FuturePulotu Selio Solomon4431.842180.87
ACTMichael Tabachnik2471.022801.12
RAMRoger Fowler1540.64160.06
ProgressiveTala Po'e1500.621650.66
IndependentLemalu Talia Matatumua630.26
NZ First 8303.31
Māori Party 2410.96
Legalise Cannabis 960.38
Bill and Ben 750.30
Kiwi 650.26
Workers Party 160.06
Alliance 60.02
Libertarianz 60.02
Democrats 20.01
RONZ 10.00
Informal votes411279
Total valid votes24,14125,074
LabourholdMajority7,12629.52


Note: lines coloured beige denote the winner of the electorate vote. Lines coloured pink denote a candidate elected to Parliament from their party list.

2005 election

[edit]
2005 general election: Māngere[21]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYTaito Phillip Field19,63370.6420,90072.89
NationalClem Simich3,61313.003,89413.58
DestinyEdward Saafi8923.214451.55
NZ FirstToa Greening8312.991,1894.15
GreenMua Strickson-Pua7672.765031.75
United FutureNeville Wilson5732.064671.63
Māori PartySolomon Matthews5221.883301.15
ProgressiveTala Po'e3411.234291.50
Family RightsSusie Po'a Williams3051.101840.64
AllianceLen Richards2040.73480.17
Direct DemocracyPaul Teio560.2070.02
IndependentMark Muller560.20
ACT 1410.49
Legalise Cannabis 590.21
Christian Heritage 420.15
One NZ 80.03
Democrats 50.02
Libertarianz 50.02
99 MP 20.01
RONZ 20.01
Informal votes453293
Total valid votes27,79328,674
LabourholdMajority16,020

2002 election

[edit]
2002 general election: Māngere[22]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYTaito Phillip Field17,99573.1517,58670.28
NationalSylvia Taylor2,62010.651,8397.35
GreenSteve Abel8743.558063.22
United FutureBruce Settle7543.078893.55
ProgressiveRosie Brown6092.486182.47
ACTJuanita Angell4671.905732.26
Christian HeritageSteven Panapa4421.803451.38
AllianceLen Richards3502.192731.09
NZ First 1,5856.33
Legalise Cannabis 1640.66
ORNZ 830.33
Mana Māori 310.12
One NZ 90.04
NMP 30.01
Informal votes488218
Total valid votes24,59925,022
LabourholdMajority15,37562.50

1999 election

[edit]
1999 general election: Māngere[23][24]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourGreen tickYTaito Phillip Field15,88868.60+12.6615,88167.32+12.55
NationalSylvia Taylor2,84112.272,86312.14-5.52
AllianceFinau Kolo2,2799.841,9458.25-0.66
Christian HeritageSteven Aotearoa Panapa5732.473961.68
NZ FirstJerry Nuia Hohepa5712.476882.92-7.21
ACTAdrian Jon Dixon4581.985442.31+0.26
IndependentKelvyn Glen Alp3891.68
Natural LawGrant Bilyard890.380.00660.28+0.04
Mana Wahine Te Ira TangataTe Aroha Wepiha Reo710.31
Green 6032.56
Legalise Cannabis 1820.77-0.61
Christian Democrats 1490.63
Mauri Pacific 560.24
United NZ 560.24-0.20
Libertarianz 520.22+0.18
Animals First 360.15-0.03
McGillicuddy Serious 220.09-0.09
Mana Māori 200.08+0.03
One NZ 100.04
Freedom Movement 60.03
Republican 50.02
The People's Choice 50.02
NMP 40.02
South Island 10.00
Informal votes947516
Total valid votes24,10624,106
LabourholdMajority13,04756.33+17.08

1996 election

[edit]
1996 general election: Mangere[25][26][27]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
LabourTaito Phillip Field13,27755.9413,11854.77
NationalDavid Broome3,96016.684,23017.66
AllianceLen Richards3,19013.44-2.322,1348.91
NZ FirstThomas Moana1,9728.312,42610.13
Christian CoalitionJames Ward5632.377283.04
ACTKevin Mathewson4091.724922.05
Advance New ZealandAfamasaga Rasmussen1800.76880.37
United NZFrancis Ifopo940.401050.44
Natural LawGrant Bilyard900.38570.24
Legalise Cannabis 3301.38
Ethnic Minority Party550.23
Progressive Green 490.20
McGillicuddy Serious 440.18
Animals First 420.18
Green Society 130.05
Mana Māori 110.05
Asia Pacific United90.04
Libertarianz 90.04
Superannuitants & Youth 70.03
Conservatives 50.02
Te Tawharau00.00
Informal votes469252
Total valid votes23,73523,952
LabourholdMajority9,31739.25

1993 election

[edit]
1993 general election: Mangere[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange8,34555.12+4.02
AllianceLen Richards2,38715.76+3.97
NZ FirstBryan Archer2,03713.45−8.92
NationalHinu Te Hau1,1207.39
Christian HeritageClark Nemeth1350.89
Communist LeagueKaren Davis840.55
McGillicuddy SeriousAlister Webb770.50
Natural LawGrant Bilyard530.35
Majority5,95839.36+10.63
Turnout15,13783.00−3.27
Registered electors18,237

1990 election

[edit]
1990 general election: Mangere[29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange7,18451.10−19.50
NationalBryan Archer3,14522.37
NewLabourLen Richards1,65811.79
GreenBrian Edwards8325.91
DemocratsKen Harris1481.05
IndependentJoshua Deane550.39
Majority4,03928.73−19.54
Turnout14,05879.73−1.62
Registered electors17,631

1987 election

[edit]
1987 general election: Mangere[30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange8,80470.60−2.23
NationalRon Jeffery2,78522.33
DemocratsKen Harris7245.80
Mana MotuhakeK K Pene1561.25
Majority6,01948.27−8.86
Turnout12,46981.35−4.86
Registered electors15,326

1984 election

[edit]
1984 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange10,67672.83+10.58
NationalPeter Saunders2,30115.69
NZ PartyJohn Meyer1,0967.47
Social CreditTerry John Brooks5843.98
Majority8,37557.13+15.78
Turnout14,65786.21+3.64
Registered electors17,001

1981 election

[edit]
1981 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange8,73962.25−3.98
Social CreditJohn Pettit2,93320.89
NationalDavid Perry2,36616.85
Majority5,80641.35−4.21
Turnout14,03882.57+18.65
Registered electors17,001

1978 election

[edit]
1978 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange9,10466.23+7.96
NationalPeter Saunders2,84120.67
Social CreditH J Meiklejohn1,65512.04
ValuesV A Strachan1441.04
Majority6,26345.56+17.76
Turnout13,74463.92−0.39
Registered electors21,499

1977 by-election

[edit]
1977 Mangere by-election[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourDavid Lange9,76658.27
NationalClem Simich5,10730.48
Social CreditBill Owens1,0266.10−0.07
ValuesFrank Grayson7894.71−1.02
Worker's LabourBarry Moss280.17
AlphaPaul Magoffin180.11
Independent LabourBarry Shaw170.10
Socialist ActionBrigid Mulrennan70.04
Majority4,65927.80
Turnout16,75864.31−15.35
Registered electors26,058
LabourholdSwing

1975 election

[edit]
1975 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourColin Moyle8,33248.64−11.08
NationalStanley Lawson6,72839.28+6.33
Social CreditBill Owens1,0576.17
ValuesFrank Grayson9835.73
Socialist UnityElla Ayo140.08
SocialistT A Gribble140.08
Majority1,6049.36−17.40
Turnout17,12879.66−8.05
Registered electors21,499

1972 election

[edit]
1972 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourColin Moyle8,78859.72−2.59
NationalStanley Lawson4,84932.95
Social CreditGavin Logan9826.67
New DemocraticP J Quinn960.65
Majority3,93926.76−3.91
Turnout14,71587.71+1.75
Registered electors16,775

1969 election

[edit]
1969 general election: Mangere[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourColin Moyle9,32162.31
NationalNeville Charles Slater4,73331.63
Social CreditErnest Richard James9056.04
Majority4,58830.67
Turnout14,95985.96
Registered electors17,401

Table footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^Field was expelled from the Labour caucus on 14 February 2007.
  2. ^abHauiti entered Parliament on 8 May 2013 followingAaron Gilmore's resignation.
  3. ^Loheni entered Parliament on 12 February 2019 followingChris Finlayson's resignation.
  4. ^2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes forMana in 2011; it shared a party list withInternet in the 2014 election.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"Māngere – Official Result".Electoral Commission. Retrieved27 February 2025.
  2. ^"Lemauga Lydia Sosene".www.parliament.nz. New Zealand Parliament. 20 October 2023. Retrieved25 November 2023.
  3. ^McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 111, 112.
  4. ^abMcRobie 1989, p. 111.
  5. ^McRobie 1989, pp. 107, 111.
  6. ^McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 112.
  7. ^McRobie 1989, pp. 111f.
  8. ^"Mana: Electoral Profile".New Zealand Parliament. September 2012. p. 3. Retrieved3 October 2014.
  9. ^Report of the Representation Commission 2014(PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9.ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved2 October 2014.
  10. ^Report of the Representation Commission 2025(PDF). Representation Commission. 8 August 2025. p. 19.ISBN 978-0-473-75233-0. Retrieved22 September 2025.
  11. ^"Official Count Results — Māngere". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Archived fromthe original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved25 November 2023.
  12. ^ab"Official Count Results – Māngere".Electoral Commission. Retrieved10 September 2013.
  13. ^"Official Count Results – Māngere".Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved4 October 2014.
  14. ^"Māngere – Official Result".Electoral Commission. Retrieved25 November 2023.
  15. ^"Māngere – Official Result".Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Retrieved6 November 2020.
  16. ^"Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate (2020)".Electoral Commission. Retrieved1 December 2021.
  17. ^"Māngere – Official Result".Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved13 October 2017.
  18. ^"Official Count Results – Māngere (2014)".Electoral Commission. Retrieved11 April 2016.
  19. ^"Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived fromthe original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved26 November 2011.
  20. ^"Official Count Results – Māngere". Chief Electoral Office. 22 November 2008. Retrieved5 October 2014.
  21. ^"Official Count Results – Mangere".Electoral Commission. 1 October 2005. Retrieved17 September 2017.
  22. ^"Official Count Results – Mangere (2002)".Electoral Commission. Retrieved17 September 2017.
  23. ^"Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate".NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved7 March 2018.
  24. ^"Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details".NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved7 March 2018.
  25. ^"Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Mangere, 1996"(PDF). Retrieved20 July 2013.
  26. ^"Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties"(PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  27. ^"Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties"(PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  28. ^Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
  29. ^Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  30. ^Norton 1988, p. 268.
  31. ^abcdefgNorton 1988, p. 267.

References

[edit]
  • McRobie, Alan (1989).Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books.ISBN 978-0-477-01384-0.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988).New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.ISBN 978-0-475-11200-2.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913].New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.OCLC 154283103.

External links

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