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Lynn, Massachusetts

Coordinates:42°28′N70°57′W / 42.467°N 70.950°W /42.467; -70.950
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City in Essex County, Massachusetts, US
For other uses, seeLynn (disambiguation).

Historic city in Essex County, Massachusetts
Lynn
City
Flag of Lynn
Flag
Official seal of Lynn
Seal
Nicknames: 
"City of Sin" and "City of Firsts"
Location in Essex County and Massachusetts.
Lynn is located in the United States
Lynn
Lynn
Location in the United States
Coordinates:42°28′N70°57′W / 42.467°N 70.950°W /42.467; -70.950
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyEssex
Settled1629
Incorporated (Town)1629
Named1637[1]
Incorporated (City)May 14, 1850[2][3]
Named afterKing's Lynn,Norfolk,England[1]
Government
 • TypeMayor-council city
 • BodyExecutive Branch (Mayor) and Legislative Branch (City Council)[4]
 • Mayor[5]Jared C. Nicholson (D)
 • Council[6]John M. Walsh Jr
(President, Ward 7) (D)
Dianna Chakoutis
(Vice President,
Ward 5) (D)
Brian M. Field
(at-large) (D)
Brian P. LaPierre
(at-large) (D)
Hong L. Net
(at-large) (D)
Nicole McClain
(at-large) (D)
Peter Meany
(Ward 1) (D)
Obed Matul
(Ward 2) (D)
Constantino “Coco” Alinsug
(Ward 3) (D)
Natasha Megie-Maddrey
(Ward 4) (D)
Frederick W. Hogan
(Ward 6) (D)
Area
 • Total
13.52 sq mi (35.02 km2)
 • Land10.74 sq mi (27.81 km2)
 • Water2.78 sq mi (7.20 km2)
Elevation
30 ft (9 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
101,253
 • Density9,428.6/sq mi (3,640.41/km2)
DemonymLynner
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Codes
01901–01905
Area codes339/781
FIPS code25-37490
GNIS feature ID0613376
Websitewww.lynnma.gov

Lynn is the eighth-largestmunicipality in Massachusetts, United States,[8] and the largest city inEssex County. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north of theBoston city line atSuffolk Downs, Lynn is part ofGreater Boston's urban inner core[9] and is a major economic and cultural center of theNorth Shore.[10]

Settled by Europeans in 1629, Lynn is the 5th oldest colonial settlement in the Commonwealth.[11] An early industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the "City of Sin", owing to its historical reputation for crime and vice. Today, however, the city is known for its[12][13][14][15] immigrant population,historic architecture, downtown cultural district,loft-style apartments, and public parks and open spaces,[16] which include the oceanfrontLynn Shore Reservation; the 2,200-acre,Frederick Law Olmsted-designedLynn Woods Reservation; and theHigh Rock Reservation and Park designed byOlmsted's sons.[17] Lynn also is home toLynn Heritage State Park,[18] the southernmost portion of theEssex Coastal Scenic Byway,[19] and the seaside,National Register-listedDiamond Historic District.[20] The population was 101,253 at the2020 United States census.[21]

History

[edit]
See also:Timeline of Lynn, Massachusetts

Indigenous

[edit]

The area that is now known as Lynn was inhabited for thousands of years byNative Americans prior toEnglish colonization in the 1600s. At the time of European contact, the area today known as Lynn was primarily inhabited by theNaumkeag people[22] under the powerfulsachemNanepashemet who controlled territory from theMystic to theMerrimack Rivers. Colonists would not establish a legal agreement with the Naumkeag over the use of their land in Lynn until 1686 after a smallpox epidemic in 1633,King Philip's War, and missionary efforts significantly reduced their numbers and confined them to thePraying Town ofNatick.[22]

17th century

[edit]

English colonists settled Lynn not long after the 1607 establishment ofJamestown, Virginia and the 1620 arrival of theMayflower atPlymouth.[23] European settlement of the area was begun in 1629 byEdmund Ingalls, followed by John Tarbox ofLancashire in 1631. The area today encompassing Lynn was originally incorporated in 1629 asSaugus, theMassachusett name for the area. Three years after the settlement in Salem, five families moved onto Naumkeag lands in the interior of Lynn, then known as Saugus, and the Tomlin family constructed a large mill between today's Sluice and Flax Ponds. The mill not only supplied grains and sustenance for the settlers and trade with the Naumkeag people, but was used to create brews and many fermented casks of hops and wines to send back to King George in England.[citation needed]

Lynn takes its name fromKing's Lynn,Norfolk,England, in honor ofReverend Samuel Whiting (Senior), Lynn's first official minister who arrived from King's Lynn in 1637.[1][24]

A noteworthy early Lynn colonist, Thomas Halsey, left Lynn to settle the East End of Long Island, where he and several others founded the Town ofSouthampton, New York. The resultingHalsey House—the oldest extant frame house in New York State (1648)—is now open to the public, under the aegis of the Southampton Colonial Society.[25]

As English settlement pushed deeper into Naumkeag territories,disease,missionary efforts, and loss of access to seasonal hunting, farming, and fishing grounds caused significant disruption to Naumkeag lifeways. In 1675, NaumkeagsachemWenepoykin joinedMetacomet in resisting English colonization inKing Philip's War, for which he was enslaved and sent toBarbados.[22] In 1686, under pressure to demonstrate legal title for lands they occupied during the administrative restructuring of theDominion of New England, the selectmen of Lynn and Reading purchased a deed fromWenopoykin's heirs Kunkshamooshaw andQuonopohit for 16 pounds of sterling silver,[22] though by this time they and most surviving Naumkeag were residents of theNatick Praying Town.

Further European settlement of Lynn led to several independent towns being formed, withReading created in 1644;Lynnfield in 1782;Saugus in 1815;Swampscott in 1852; andNahant in 1853. The City of Lynn was incorporated on May 14, 1850.[2][3]

Colonial Lynn was an early center of tannery and shoe-making, which began in 1635. The boots worn byContinental Army soldiers during theRevolutionary War were made in Lynn, and the shoe-making industry drove the city's growth into the early nineteenth century.[24] This legacy is reflected in the city's seal, which features a colonial boot.[26]

19th century

[edit]
Aerial Illustration of Lynn,c. 1881

In 1816, a mail stage coach was operating through Lynn. By 1836, 23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day. TheEastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28, 1838. This was later merged with theBoston and Maine Railroad and called the Eastern Division. In 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn, but no telegraph service station was built until 1858.[27]

Nahant Street in Diamond Historic District

During the middle of the nineteenth century, estates and beach cottages were constructed along Lynn's shoreline, and the city's Atlantic coastline became a fashionable summer resort.[28] Many of the structures built during this period are today situated within the National Register-listedDiamond Historic District.

Further inland, industrial activity contemporaneously expanded in Lynn. Shoe manufacturers, led byCharles A. Coffin and Silas Abbott Barton, invested in the early electric industry, specifically in 1883 withElihu Thomson,Edwin J. Houston, and theirThomson-Houston Electric Company.[29] That company merged withEdison Electric Company ofSchenectady, New York, formingGeneral Electric in 1892, with the two original GE plants being in Lynn and Schenectady. Coffin served as the first president ofGeneral Electric.[30]

Initially theGeneral Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, and meters. Later it specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII because of research contacts at MIT in Cambridge.[31]Gerhard Neumann was a key player in jet engine group at GE in Lynn. The continuous interaction of material science research at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency and power have kept the jet engine plant in Lynn ever since.[citation needed]

Postcard depicting a soldier monument in Lynn, MA

One of the largest strikes of the early labor movement began in the shoe factories of Lynn on February 22, 1860, when Lynn shoemakers marched through the streets to their workplaces and handed in their tools, protesting reduced wages.[32] Known as the1860 New England Shoemakers Strike, it was one of the earliest strikes of its kind in the United States.[33]

In 1841, abolitionistFrederick Douglass, moved to Lynn as a fugitive slave. Douglass wrote his first autobiography,Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, while living in Lynn. The publication would become Douglass's best-known work. Douglass, his wife, and their five children lived in Lynn until 1848.[34]

In 1870,Esther Hill Hawks, a renowned female physician, and activist during theAmerican Civil War, moved to Lynn becoming one of the three first female physicians in Lynn, providing her gynecology services to many women. Later on in 1874, opening her own practice.

On February 1, 1866,Mary Baker Eddy experienced the "fall in Lynn", in which Eddy was badly injured but reportedly healed herself through prayer alone. This was a significant milestone in the development of theChristian Science religion.[35]

In 1889 a massive fire swept through the downtown of Lynn, and would not be matched in size until nearly 100 years later.[36] At the time the loss was the third largest from fire in New England history. A total of 296 building were destroyed, including 142 homes, 25 stores, the Central Square railroad depot, four banks and four newspaper buildings. It was estimated that 200 families were made homeless and 10,000 jobs were lost. Estimates put the total loss as high as$6,000,000 (equivalent to about $209,980,000 in 2024).[37]

20th century

[edit]

Lynn experienced a wave of immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s. During the 30 years between 1885 and 1915, Lynn's immigrant population increased from 9,800 to 29,500, representing nearly one-third of the city's total population.[38] Polish and Russian Jews were the largest single group, numbering more than 6,000.[38] The first Jewish settlers in Lynn, a group of twenty Hasidic European families, mostly from Russia, formed the Congregation Anshai Sfard, a Hasidic Jewish synagogue in 1888.[39]

Catholic churches catering to the needs of specific language and ethnic groups also testify to the waves of immigrants. St. Jean Baptiste parish, eventually including a grammar school and high school, was founded in 1886, primarily for French-Canadians. Holy Family Church conducted services in Italian beginning in 1922, and St. Michael's church also provided church services and a grammar school for the Polish-speaking community, beginning in 1906.[40] St. Patrick's church and school was a focus of the Irish-American community in Lynn.[41] St. George's Greek Orthodox Church was founded in Lynn in 1905.[42] Later in the 20th century, the city became an important center of greater Boston's Latino community.[43] Additionally, several thousand Cambodians settled in Lynn between 1975 and 1979 and in the early 1980s.[44]

At the beginning of the 20th century, Lynn was the world-leader in the production of shoes. 234 factories produced more than a million pairs of shoes each day, thanks in part to mechanization of the process by an African-American immigrant namedJan Ernst Matzeliger.[45] From 1924 until 1974, the Lynn Independent Industrial Shoemaking School operated in the city.[46][47] However, production declined throughout the 20th century, and the last shoe factory closed in 1981.[48]

In the early 1900s, the Metropolitan District Commission acquired several coastal properties in Lynn and Nahant, in order to createLynn Shore andNahant Beach Reservations, and to construct adjoiningLynn Shore Drive.[49] When it opened to the public in 1910, Lynn Shore Drive catalyzed new development along Lynn's coastline, yielding many of the early 20th century structures that constitute a majority of the contributing resources found in the National Register-listedDiamond Historic District.[3]

On January 20, 1942, a fire swept through the Melvin Hall Apartments on Spring Street, resulting in the deaths of 13 occupants.[50][51]

In 1970, Massachusettsauthorized rent control in municipalities with more than 50,000 residents.[52] Voters in Lynn, Somerville, Brookline, and Cambridge subsequently adopted rent control.[52] Voters in Lynn approved a measure to continue rent control measures, which had been in place since February 1972, on November 7, 1972, by a 22,229 to 15,568 margin.[53] On June 4, 1974, the city council, led by mayorDavid L. Phillips, voted 7–4 in favor of abolishing the existing rent control measures, replacing them with a "Rent Grievance and Elderly Assistance Board."[54][55]

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lynn suffered several large fires. On November 28, 1981, a devastating inferno engulfed several former shoe factories, located at Broad and Washington Streets. Seventeen downtown buildings were destroyed in less than twelve hours, with property losses estimated to be totaling at least$35,000,000 (equivalent to about $121,050,000 in 2024). At least 18 businesses were affected, resulting in the estimated loss of 1,500 jobs.[56] The Lynn campus of theNorth Shore Community College, planning for which was already underway at the time of the fire, now occupies much of the burned area.[57]

Lynn Washington Street at Broad Street
View over Lynn Shore Drive to Nahant and Boston
View over Lynn Shore Drive to Nahant and Boston

Some data suggest a reputation for crime and vice in Lynn.[58][59]

In order to counter its reputation as "the city of sin", Lynn launched a "City Of Firsts" advertising campaign in the early 1990s, which promoted Lynn as having:[citation needed]

In a further effort to rebrand the municipality, city solicitor Michael Barry proposed renaming the city Ocean Park in 1997, but the initiative was unsuccessful.[65]

Despite losing much of its industrial base during the 20th century, Lynn remained home to many companies, such as:

  • A division ofGeneral Electric Aviation, focused on manufacturing jet engines[66]
  • West Lynn Creamery (now part ofDean Foods's Garelick Farms unit)
  • C. L. Hauthaway & Sons, a polymer producer
  • Old Neighborhood Foods, a meat packer
  • Lynn Manufacturing, a maker of combustion chambers for the oil and gas heating industry
  • Sterling Machine Co.
  • Durkee-Mower, makers of"Marshmallow Fluff"[67]

21st century

[edit]

In the early 2000s, the renovation and adaptive re-use of downtown historic structures, together with new construction, launched a revitalization of Lynn, which remains ongoing.[68] Arts, culture, and entertainment have been at the forefront of this revitalization, with new arts organizations, cultural venues, public art projects,[69] and restaurants emerging in the downtown area.[70] In 2012, the Massachusetts Cultural Council named downtown Lynn one of the first state-recognized arts and culture districts in Massachusetts.[71]

In 2015, Massachusetts GovernorCharlie Baker established a task force, composed of representatives of multiple state and municipal public agencies, to further Lynn's revitalization.[72]

Lynn "Flatiron" Building Undergoing Conversion to Loft Apartments, November 2016
Public Library
High Rock Tower Reservation

Formerly vacant industrial buildings continue to be converted intoloft spaces,[73] and historic homes, particularly Lynn'sDiamond Historic District, are being restored.[74] In 2016, several large land parcels in Lynn were acquired by major developers.[75] In November 2018, construction began on downtown Lynn's first luxury midrise—a 259-unit, 10-story building on Monroe Street.[76][77] in December 2019, ground was broken on a 331-unit waterfront development on Carroll Parkway.[78] Many of the recent and pending large real estate projects in Lynn areTransit-oriented developments, sited within a half-mile ofLynn station, which provides 20-minute train service toNorth Station.[79]

Lynn's revitalization has been bolstered by the city's emergence as a center of creativeplacemaking.[80]

In 2017, swaths of the city's downtown were transformed by a series of large-scale murals, painted on buildings by local, national, and international artists, as part of the city's inaugural Beyond Walls festival.[69] Light-based interventions, including projections ontoHigh Rock Tower,[81] the installation of vintage neon signs on downtown buildings, and large-scale LED-illuminations of theMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority rail underpasses bisecting Lynn's Downtown,[82] also have been deployed.[15] In 2017, Mount Vernon Street, in the core of the downtown Central Square area, began to host block parties, food trucks, and other special events.[83][84]

In recent years, Lynn has attracted a substantial and growingLGBT population.[85]

In April 2018,The Boston Globe named Lynn one of the "Top spots to live inGreater Boston in 2018."[86]

On August 18, 2021, the newFrederick Douglass Park on Exchange Street was dedicated, directly across the street from the site of theCentral Square railroad depot where Douglass was forcibly removed from the train in 1841. The park features a bronzebas-relief sculpture of Douglass.[87] The park had been in the works since at least 2019 when a bill was filed in the Massachusetts Senate to designate the park area and its management by theMassachusetts DCR.

On September 16, 2021, Mayor McGee introducedVision Lynn, a 20-year comprehensive planning project to expand Lynn's diversity and improve infrastructure further.[88] In the following year and a half, Lynn's Planning Department held many opportunities for Lynners to discuss what they see for the future of the city. On April 10, 2023,[89] adraft of the plan was shared on the planning departments website to allow for greater public comment. After May 15, 2023, the public comment window will be closed and the committee will release a final draft to be endorsed and adopted by the city.

Lynn earned the moniker "Condom Capital of the USA"[90] after Global Protection, a subsidiary ofKarex, the world's largest condom manufacturer, relocated to the formerGarelick Farms facility.[91]

Top employers

[edit]
#Employer# of employees
1GE Aerospace2,500
2Lynn Public Schools1,243
3North Shore Community College991
4All Care VNA630
5Eastern Bank500
6Kettle Cuisine500

Geography

[edit]

According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.5 square miles (35 km2), of which 10.8 square miles (28 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) (19.87%) is water. Lynn is located besideMassachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Lynn's shoreline is divided in half by the town ofNahant, which divides Lynn Harbor to the south from Nahant Bay to the north. The city lies north of theSaugus River, and is also home to several brooks, as well as several ponds, the largest being Breed's Pond and Walden Pond (which has no relation to asimilarly named pond inConcord). More than one-quarter of the town's land is covered by theLynn Woods Reservation, which takes up much of the land in the northwestern part of the city. The city is also home to two beaches, Lynn Beach and King's Beach, both of which lie along Nahant Bay, as well as a boat ramp in Lynn Harbor.

Lynn is located in the southern part of Essex County and is 10 miles (16 km) northeast ofBoston and 22 miles (35 km) west-southwest ofCape Ann. The city is bordered by Nahant to the southeast,Swampscott to the east,Salem to the northeast,Peabody to the north,Lynnfield to the northwest,Saugus to the west andRevere (inSuffolk County) to the south. Lynn's water rights extend into Nahant Bay and share Lynn Harbor with Nahant. There is no land connection to Revere; the only connection is the General Edwards Bridge across the Pines River. Besides its downtown district, Lynn is also divided into East Lynn and West Lynn, which are further divided into even smaller areas.

Lynn is loosely segmented into the following neighborhoods:

Central:

  • Downtown / Business District
  • Central Square

West Lynn:

  • Pine Hill
  • McDonough Sq./ Barry Park
  • Tower Hill / Austin Sq. – Saugus River
  • The Commons
  • The Brickyard
  • Walnut St./Lynnhurst
  • Veteran's Village

East Lynn:

  • Diamond District / Lynn Shore
  • Wyoma Sq.
  • The Highlands
  • The Fay Estates
  • Ward 1 / Lynnfield St.
  • Goldfish Pond
  • The Meadow / Keaney Park

Climate

[edit]

Lynn experiences cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The climate is similar tothat of Boston.

According to theKöppen climate classification, Lynn has either ahot-summer humid continental climate (abbreviatedDfa), or a hot-summerhumid sub-tropical climate (abbreviatedCfa), depending on the isotherm used.

Climate data for Lynn, 1991–2020 simulated normals (59 ft elevation)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)36.7
(2.6)		38.7
(3.7)		45.1
(7.3)		55.4
(13.0)		64.9
(18.3)		74.1
(23.4)		80.1
(26.7)		79.3
(26.3)		73.0
(22.8)		61.9
(16.6)		51.6
(10.9)		42.1
(5.6)		58.6
(14.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)28.8
(−1.8)		30.6
(−0.8)		37.0
(2.8)		47.1
(8.4)		56.7
(13.7)		66.0
(18.9)		72.1
(22.3)		71.1
(21.7)		64.6
(18.1)		53.6
(12.0)		43.7
(6.5)		34.5
(1.4)		50.5
(10.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)20.8
(−6.2)		22.5
(−5.3)		29.1
(−1.6)		38.8
(3.8)		48.6
(9.2)		58.1
(14.5)		64.0
(17.8)		63.0
(17.2)		55.9
(13.3)		45.1
(7.3)		35.8
(2.1)		27.1
(−2.7)		42.4
(5.8)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.70
(93.96)		3.49
(88.76)		4.66
(118.45)		4.24
(107.58)		3.50
(88.79)		4.03
(102.48)		3.57
(90.76)		3.45
(87.61)		3.63
(92.08)		4.82
(122.46)		4.01
(101.79)		4.74
(120.37)		47.84
(1,215.09)
Averagedew point °F (°C)18.9
(−7.3)		19.4
(−7.0)		24.8
(−4.0)		34.2
(1.2)		45.5
(7.5)		56.1
(13.4)		62.1
(16.7)		61.5
(16.4)		55.6
(13.1)		44.6
(7.0)		34.0
(1.1)		25.2
(−3.8)		40.2
(4.5)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[92]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17902,291—    
18002,837+23.8%
18104,087+44.1%
18204,515+10.5%
18306,138+35.9%
18409,367+52.6%
185014,257+52.2%
186019,083+33.9%
187028,233+47.9%
188038,274+35.6%
189055,727+45.6%
190068,513+22.9%
191089,336+30.4%
192099,148+11.0%
1930102,320+3.2%
194098,123−4.1%
195099,738+1.6%
196094,478−5.3%
197090,294−4.4%
198078,471−13.1%
199081,245+3.5%
200089,050+9.6%
201090,329+1.4%
2020101,253+12.1%
2024*103,489+2.2%
* = population estimate.
Source:United States census records andPopulation Estimates Program data.[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[105]
Map of racial distribution in Lynn, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person:⬤ White⬤ Black⬤ Asian⬤ Hispanic⬤ Multiracial⬤ Native American/Other

2020 census

[edit]
Lynn, Massachusetts – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000[106]Pop 2010[107]Pop 2020[108]% 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)55,63042,96934,53662.47%47.57%34.11%
Black or African American alone (NH)8,1659,49410,7359.17%10.51%10.60%
Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH)1681781150.19%0.20%0.11%
Asian alone (NH)5,6866,2106,8226.39%6.87%6.74%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)3937280.04%0.04%0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH)3494071,0770.39%0.45%1.06%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)2,6302,0213,3802.95%2.24%3.34%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)16,38329,01344,56018.40%32.12%44.01%
Total89,05090,329101,253100.00%100.00%100.00%

2010 census

[edit]

As of the census of 2010, there were 90,329 people, 33,310 households, and 20,988 families residing in the city.[109]

The racial makeup of the city was:

Hispanic orLatino of any race were 32.1% of the population (10.5% Dominican, 6.3% Guatemalan, 5.4% Puerto Rican, 2.8% Salvadoran, 1.7% Mexican, 0.6% Honduran, 0.4% Colombian, 0.4% Spanish, 0.2% Peruvian, 0.2% Cuban).[109]

Cambodians form the largestAsian origin group in Lynn, with 3.9% of Lynn's total population ofCambodian ancestry. Other large Asian groups are those ofVietnamese (1.0%),Indian (0.4%),Chinese (0.3%), andLaotian (0.2%) ancestry.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18 and 75.1% over 18. Males accounted for 49% and females 51%.[109]

Between 2009 and 2013, themedian household income in Lynn was $44,849. The per capita income was $22,982. About 21.0% of the population was considered below the poverty line.[110]

Asian population

[edit]
See also:History of the Vietnamese in Boston

In 1990 Lynn had 2,993 persons of Asian origin. In 2000 Lynn had 5,730 Asians, an increase of over 91%, making it one of ten Massachusetts cities with the largest Asian populations. In 2000 the city had 3,050persons of Cambodian origin, making them the largest Asian subgroup in Lynn. That year the city had 1,112persons of Vietnamese origin and 353persons of Indian origin. From 1990 to 2000 the Vietnamese and Indian populations increased by 192% and 264%, respectively.[111]

By 2004 the Cambodian community in Lynn was establishing the Khmer Association of the North Shore.[111]

Income

[edit]
See also:List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[112][113][114]

RankZIP Code (ZCTA)Per capita
income		Median
household
income		Median
family
income		PopulationNumber of
households
Massachusetts$35,763$66,866$84,9006,605,0582,530,147
Essex County$35,167$67,311$84,185750,808286,008
101904$33,409$80,903$91,40918,8036,833
United States$28,155$53,046$64,719311,536,594115,610,216
Lynn$22,982$44,849$53,55790,78833,122
201901$20,625$23,467$24,1252,0231,096
301902$20,391$37,275$45,27644,82716,528
401905$19,934$42,490$42,16325,0908,642

Government

[edit]
See also:List of mayors of Lynn, Massachusetts

Lynn is represented in thestate legislature by officials elected from the following districts:[115]

Lynn presidential election results[116]
YearDemocraticRepublicanThird partiesTotal VotesMargin
202460.31%18,98237.70%11,8651.99%62531,47222.51%
202068.93%24,66229.14%10,4251.93%69035,77739.79%
201667.51%22,16428.36%9,3114.13%1,35532,83039.15%
201272.09%23,12426.54%8,5121.37%44032,07645.55%
200868.18%20,27629.32%8,7192.50%74429,73938.86%
200469.17%19,37229.90%8,3730.94%26228,00739.27%
200068.87%18,83624.78%6,7766.35%1,73827,35044.10%
199667.84%18,37020.81%5,63411.36%3,07527,07947.03%
199250.43%15,27524.27%7,35025.31%7,66530,29025.12%
198859.30%18,54038.96%12,1821.73%54231,26420.34%
198453.90%17,10345.52%14,4450.57%18231,7308.38%
198049.20%15,77737.32%11,96613.48%4,32332,06611.88%
197662.24%21,43033.63%11,5804.13%1,42234,43228.61%
197262.06%24,12437.28%14,4900.66%25538,86924.79%
196871.93%28,74023.77%9,5004.30%1,71839,95848.15%
196484.07%36,67115.54%6,7790.39%16943,61968.53%
196064.73%31,00134.96%16,7460.31%14947,89629.76%
195649.68%24,19150.05%24,3680.27%13148,6900.36%
195252.19%27,46047.24%24,8560.56%29752,6134.95%
194859.36%27,95437.70%17,7532.93%1,38247,08921.66%
194457.10%26,57842.60%19,8260.30%14046,54414.51%
194055.84%26,50943.43%20,6170.73%34647,47212.41%
Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 26, 2024 – Lynn[117]
PartyNumber of votersPercentage
Democratic20,18132.39%
Republican3,5295.66%
Unenrolled38,02961.04%
Political Designations1790.29%
Total62,305100%

Arts and culture

[edit]

Notable locations

[edit]
See also:National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts andNational Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts

Parks and recreation

[edit]

Lynn was among the first communities in America to set aside a significant portion of its total land areas for open space—initially to secure a common public wood source. In 1693, Lynn restricted use of areas today encompassed by theLynn Woods Reservation, and imposed fines for removing young trees. Although this land area was subsequently divided, in 1706, rights of public access were maintained, and, during the 19th century, recreational use of the woods increased.[118]

In 1850, the first hiking club in New England—the Lynn Exploring Circle—was established. In 1881, a group of Lynn residents organized the Trustees of the Free Public Forest to protect Lynn Woods by acquiring land and gifting it to the city.[119]Frederick Law Olmsted was hired as a design consultant for Lynn Woods, in 1889, whereupon he recommended keeping the land wild, adding only limited public access improvements.[118]

Lynn Woods was among the natural resources that inspired landscape architectCharles Eliot and others to create Boston'sMetropolitan Park System. In 1893, Eliot noted that Lynn Woods"constitute the largest and most interesting, because the wildest, public domain in all New England."[118]

Today, Lynn has 49 parks encompassing 1,540 aggregate acres, representing about 22% of the city's total 6,874-acre land area. Consequently, 96% of all Lynn residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park or open space.[120][121] The city's parks and open spaces include:

Education

[edit]
Lynn English High School

Lynn has three public high schools (Lynn English,Lynn Classical, andLynn Vocational Technical High School), four middle/junior high schools, twoalternative schools, and, as of Autumn 2015, 18 elementary schools.[126] They are served by theLynn Public Schools district.

KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program operates the KIPP Academy Lynn, a 5–8charter middle school, and a charter high school called KIPP Academy Lynn Collegiate.

There is also an independent Catholic high school located in the city,St. Mary's High School. There are two Catholic primary schools, St. Pius V School and the now defunct Sacred Heart School. There is also one interdenominational Christian school, North Shore Christian School.[127]

North Shore Community College has a campus in downtown Lynn (with its other campuses located inDanvers andBeverly).

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

Lynn has noInterstate or controlled-access highways, the nearest beingU.S. Route 1 inSaugus andLynnfield, and the combinedInterstate 95 andRoute 128 in Lynnfield. (The original design of Interstate 95 called for a route that would have paralleled Route 107 and crossed Lynn—includingLynn Woods—but the project was cancelled in 1972.[128][129]) However, Massachusetts StateRoute 1A,Route 107,Route 129 andRoute 129A all pass through Lynn. Route 107 passes from southwest to northeast along a relatively straight right-of-way through the city. It shares a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) concurrency with Route 129A, which follows Route 129's old route through the city between its parent route and Route 1A. Route 129 passes from the north of the city before turning south and passing through the downtown area and becoming concurrent with Route 1A for 1 mile (1.6 km). Route 1A passes fromRevere along the western portion of the Lynnway, a divided highway within the city, before passing further inland intoSwampscott. The Lynnway itself runs along the coastline, leading to a rotary, which links the road to Nahant Road andLynn Shore Drive, which follows the coast into Swampscott.

Lynn is served byLynn station on theNewburyport/Rockport Line of theMBTA Commuter Rail system, as well asRiver Works station (which is forGE Aviation employees only). A number ofother stations were open until the mid 20th century. NumerousMBTA bus routes also connect Lynn with Boston and the neighboring communities. An extension of theBlue Line to downtown Lynn has been proposed, but not funded.MBTA ferry route F5 service operates between Blossom Street Pier and downtown Boston. The nearest airport is Boston'sLogan International Airport, about 5 miles (8.0 km) south.

Notable people

[edit]

In literature and the arts

[edit]
  • Many versions of theMother Goosenursery rhyme "Trot, trot to Boston" include Lynn as the second destination.[131]
  • Scenes from the movieSurrogates (2009), especially the chase scene, were filmed in downtown Lynn.[132] Lynn native Jack Noseworthy starred in the film, and has said he pushes Lynn as a location whenever involved in a project.
  • The character of Freddie Quell inThe Master (2012) is from Lynn and returns there for a scene, though it was filmed in California.[133]
  • The movieBlack Mass (2015) starringJohnny Depp feature several scenes shot in Lynn.[134][135][136][137]
  • The high school scene inCentral Intelligence (2016) was filmed at Lynn Classical and Lynn English high schools.[138]
  • Several scenes inSound of Metal (2019) were filmed in Lynn.[139]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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Bibliography

[edit]
See also:Bibliography of the history of Lynn, Massachusetts

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toLynn, Massachusetts.
Wikisource has the text of the 1921Collier's Encyclopedia articleLynn.
Places adjacent to Lynn, Massachusetts
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