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Luvesilocin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound
Luvesilocin
Clinical data
Other namesRE-104; RE104; FT-104; FT104; 4-Glutaryloxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine; 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamineO-glutarate;O-Glutaryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine; 4-HO-DiPT glutarate;O-Glutaryl-4-HO-DiPT; 4-GO-DiPT
Routes of
administration
Oral,subcutaneous injection[1][2]
Drug classNon-selectiveserotonin receptor agonist;Serotonin5-HT2A receptoragonist;Serotonergic psychedelic;Hallucinogen
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolites4-HO-DiPT[2]
Onset of action≤1 hour (s.c.Tooltip subcutaneous injection)[2]
Eliminationhalf-life• Luvesilocin: 0.43–0.64 hours (s.c.Tooltip subcutaneous injection)[1][2]
4-HO-DiPT: 2.7–4.1 hours (s.c.Tooltip subcutaneous injection)[1][2]
Duration of action3.6 hours (range ~3–4 hours) (s.c.Tooltip subcutaneous injection)[1][2]
Identifiers
  • 1-[3-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl] pentanedioate
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H30N2O
Molar mass326.484 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)N(CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=CC=C2)OC(=O)CCCC(=O)O)C(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C21H30N2O4/c1-14(2)23(15(3)4)12-11-16-13-22-17-7-5-8-18(21(16)17)27-20(26)10-6-9-19(24)25/h5,7-8,13-15,22H,6,9-12H2,1-4H3,(H,24,25)
  • Key:LSDOIAGGRBGDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Luvesilocin, also known asRE104 andFT-104, as well as4-glutaryloxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-HO-DiPTO-glutarate or4-GO-DiPT), is apsychedelic drug of thetryptamine and4-hydroxytryptamine families which is under development for the treatment ofpsychiatric disorders.[3][4] It is takenorally or bysubcutaneous injection.[3][2]

The drug is aprodrugester of4-HO-DiPT, which acts as anon-selectiveserotonin receptor agonist including of theserotonin5-HT2A receptor.[5] 4-HO-DiPT produces psychedelic-like effects in animals.[5]

Luvesilocin was first described in the literature in 2021.[6][7] It is under development for the treatment ofpostpartum depression andtreatment-resistant depression.[8][9][10][11] As of September 2025, the drug has reachedphase 2clinical trials.[12] Aphase 3 trial is planned for 2026.[12]

Use and effects

[edit]
See also:4-HO-DiPT § Use and effects
Luvesilocin (RE104; 4-GO-DiPT)Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) "feel high" ratings at doses of 5 to 40 mg viasubcutaneous injection over 6 hours.[2]

The effects of luvesilocin have beenclinically studied.[2] It was evaluated at doses of 5 to 40 mg (equivalent to ~4–32 mg4-HO-DiPT) bysubcutaneous injection in this study.[2] The drug was specifically assessed in terms of modifiedDrug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) ratings, Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) ratings, andadverse effects.[2] The meanduration of thepsychedelic experience after administration of luvesilocin at a dose of 30 mg was found to be 3.6 hours.[2][1]

Interactions

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See also:Psychedelic drug § Interactions, andTrip killer § Serotonergic psychedelic antidotes

Pharmacology

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Pharmacodynamics

[edit]

Luvesilocin is aprodrug that ismetabolized into4-HO-DiPT.[5][13] Thismetabolite is ananalogue of theneurotransmitterserotonin and acts as anon-selectiveserotonin receptor agonist, including of theserotonin5-HT2A receptor.[5] Activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is thought to be specifically responsible for thehallucinogenic effects ofserotonergic psychedelics.[citation needed]

4-HO-DiPT produces thehead-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents.[14] Indrug discrimination tests, 4-HO-DiPT fully substituted for the psychedelic drugDOM, with 5-fold lowerpotency than DOM and 2-fold lower potency thanpsilocin (4-HO-DMT).[15]

The drug activatesbasolateral amygdala (BLA)interneurons via the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor to enhanceGABAergicinhibition of principalneurons in the BLA, which may mediate ananxiolytic effect of suppression of learned fear (fear extinction) in rodents.[6][16]

Pharmacokinetics

[edit]

Given bysubcutaneous injection, theelimination half-life of luvesilocin is 0.43 to 0.64 hours and of4-HO-DiPT is 2.7 to 4.1 hours.[2] The meanduration with thisroute at the employed dose was 3.6 hours.[2]

Chemistry

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Synthesis

[edit]

Thechemical synthesis of luvesilocin has been described.[5]

Analogues

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Analogues of luvesilocin include4-HO-DiPT (iprocin),4-AcO-DiPT (ipracetin),4-PrO-DiPT,4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin),4-PrO-DMT, and4-GO-DMT (RE-109), among others.

History

[edit]

Luvesilocin was first described in the literature in 2021.[6][7]

Society and culture

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Names

[edit]

Luvesilocin is thegeneric name of the drug and itsINNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name.[17] It is also known by its developmental code namesRE104 orRE-104 andFT104 orFT-104.[3]

Legal status

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

Luvesilocin is not acontrolled substance inCanada as of 2025.[18]

United States

[edit]

Luvesilocin is not an explicitlycontrolled substance in theUnited States.[19] However, it could be considered acontrolled substance under theFederal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption.

Research

[edit]

Luvesilocin is under development for the treatment ofpostpartum depression (PPD),treatment-resistant depression, and otherpsychiatric disorders.[3][1][20][21] As of September 2025, it has reachedphase 2clinical trials for these indications.[12] Aphase 3 trial is planned for 2026.[12] The drug is being developed by Reunion Neuroscience (formerly known as Field Trip Health).[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefPollack M, Hocevar-Trnka J, Bryson N, Taylor B, Johnson M, Alexander R (December 2024)."ACNP 63rd Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P609-P914: P697. RE104: A Novel, Shorter-Acting Psychedelic for Post Partum Depression".Neuropsychopharmacology.49 (Suppl 1): 418–594 (469–470).doi:10.1038/s41386-024-02013-y.PMID 39643635.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnLudbrook G, Bryson N, Taylor B, Hocevar-Trnka J, Johnson MW, Hirman J, et al. (2025)."Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous RE104: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Single Ascending Dose Placebo-Controlled Study".J Clin Psychopharmacol.45 (5):441–453.doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000002047.PMC 12379775.PMID 40685873.
  3. ^abcde"RE 104".AdisInsight. 23 September 2025. Retrieved8 October 2025.
  4. ^Braner S (May 8, 2024)."Reunion Neuroscience raises $103 million for a psychedelic to treat depression".Chemical & Engineering News.
  5. ^abcdeBryson N, Alexander R, Asnis-Alibozek A, Ehlers MD (June 2024)."RE104: Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Serotonergic Psychedelic Prodrug of 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine".ACS Chemical Neuroscience.15 (12):2386–2395.doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058.PMC 11191588.PMID 38758589.
  6. ^abc"4-HO-DiPT".Psychedelic Science Review. 23 June 2022. Retrieved8 October 2025.
  7. ^abBryson N. Tryptamine prodrugs. US 2021/0403425 A1, Field Trip Psychedelics, Inc0. Published online April 5, 2022. Accessed May 27, 2022.https://patents.google.com/patent/US11292765B2/en?q=field+trip+health&assignee=Field+Trip+Psychedelics+Inc.
  8. ^Hallifax J (11 August 2022)."An Inside Look into Field Trip's Next-Generation Psychedelic, FT-104".
  9. ^WO 2022/000091, Bryson N, "Tryptamine prodrugs", published 6 January 2022, assigned to Field Trip Psychedelics Inc. 
  10. ^US 2022/0024956, Slassi A, Araujo J, "Psilocin derivatives as serotonergic psychedelic agents for the treatment of CNS disorders.", published 27 January 2022, assigned to Mindset Pharma Inc. 
  11. ^WO 2022/246572, Slassi A, Araujo J, Higgin GH, Gabriele J, "Hallucinogen-Fatty Acid Combination", published 1 December 2022, assigned to Mindset Pharma Inc. 
  12. ^abcdAlexander R, Hocevar-Trnka J (June 26, 2024)."RE104: A Novel, Fast-Acting Psychedelic for Postpartum Depression".psychiatrictimes.com.
  13. ^"Reunion Neuroscience Announces Publication of Results from Early Preclinical Studies Demonstrating the Potential of RE104 for Development in Depressive Disorders". GlobalNewswire. May 20, 2024 – via Yahoo!Finance.
  14. ^Klein AK, Chatha M, Laskowski LJ, Anderson EI, Brandt SD, Chapman SJ, et al. (April 2021)."Investigation of the Structure-Activity Relationships of Psilocybin Analogues".ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.4 (2):533–542.doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176.PMC 8033608.PMID 33860183.
  15. ^Gatch MB, Hoch A, Carbonaro TM (April 2021)."Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Substituted Tryptamines in Rats".ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.4 (2):467–471.doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00173.PMC 8033599.PMID 33860176.
  16. ^Kelly TJ, Bonniwell EM, Mu L, Liu X, Hu Y, Friedman V, et al. (April 2024)."Psilocybin analog 4-OH-DiPT enhances fear extinction and GABAergic inhibition of principal neurons in the basolateral amygdala".Neuropsychopharmacology.49 (5):854–863.doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8.PMC 10948882.PMID 37752222.
  17. ^"International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)"(PDF).www.cdn.who.int. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  18. ^"Controlled Drugs and Substances Act".Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved19 January 2026.
  19. ^Orange Book: List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals (January 2026)(PDF),United States: U.S.Department of Justice:Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Diversion Control Division, January 2026
  20. ^Reunion Neuroscience Inc (2025-03-06).A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Dose-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of RE104 for Injection in the Treatment of Patients With Postpartum Depression (PPD) (Report). clinicaltrials.gov.
  21. ^Reunion Neuroscience Inc (2025-03-06).A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Dose-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of RE104 for Injection in the Treatment of Patients With Postpartum Depression (PPD) (Report). clinicaltrials.gov.

External links

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