Luton Town was the first club in southern England to turn professional. It joined theFootball League before the1897–98 season, left in 1900 because of financial problems, and rejoined in 1920. Luton reached the First Division in1955–56 and contested a major final for the first time againstNottingham Forest in the1959 FA Cup final. The team was then relegated from the top division in1959–60, and demoted twice more in the following five years, playing in theFourth Division from the1965–66 season, before they were promoted back to the top level in1974–75.
Luton Town Football Club was formed on 11 April 1885.[4][5] Before this there were many clubs in the town, the most prominent of which were Luton Wanderers and Luton Excelsior. A Wanderers player, George Deacon, came up with the idea of a 'Town' club which would include all the best players in Luton. Wanderers secretary Herbert Spratley seized upon Deacon's idea and arranged a secret meeting on 13 January 1885 at the St Matthews school rooms inHigh Town. The Wanderers committee resolved to rename the club Luton Town—which was not well received by the wider community. The local newspapers referred to the club as 'Luton Town (late Wanderers)'. When George Deacon and John Charles Lomax then arranged a public meeting with the purpose of forming a 'Luton Town Football Club', Spratley protested, saying there was already a Luton Town club; and the atmosphere was tense when the meeting convened in the town hall on 11 April 1885. The meeting, attended by most football lovers in the town, heard about Spratley's secret January meeting and voted down his objections. The motion to form a 'Luton Town Football Club', put forward by G H Small and seconded by E H Lomax, was carried. A club committee was elected by ballot and the team colours were agreed to be pink and dark blue shirts and caps.[6]
The Luton Town squad of 1897–98, which won the United League title
Initially based at Excelsior'sDallow Lane ground,[5] Luton Town began making payments to certain individual players in 1890. The following year, Luton became the first club in southern England to be fully professional.[7] The club was a founder member of theSouthern Football League in the 1894–95 season and finished as runners-up in its first two seasons. It then left to help form theUnited League and came second in that league's inaugural season before joiningthe Football League (then based mostly in northern and central England)[A] for1897–98,[8] concurrently moving to a new ground atDunstable Road.[9] The club continued to enter a team to the United League for two more seasons, winning the title in 1897–98.[8][10] Poor attendance, high wages, in addition to the high travel and accommodation costs that resulted from Luton's distance from the northern heartlands of the Football League crippled the club financially;[10] it became too expensive to compete in that league.[10] A return to the Southern League was therefore arranged for the1900–01 season.[8][10]
1936:Joe Payne(white shirt, left) scores one of his record-breaking 10 goals in one match
The Luton side first played in the white and black colours which it has retained for much of its history during the1920–21 season, when the club rejoined the Football League;[15] the players had previously worn an assortment of colour combinations, most permanentlysky blue shirts with white shorts and navy socks.[16] Such was the quality of Luton's team at this time that despite playing in the third tier, a fixture between Ireland and England atWindsor Park on 22 October 1921 saw three Luton players on the pitch—Louis Bookman andAllan Mathieson for Ireland, and the club's top goalscorer, Simms, for England.[17][18] However, after Luton finished fourth in the division, the squad was broken up as Simms, Bookman and Mathieson joinedSouth Shields,Port Vale andExeter City respectively.[18][19] Luton stayed in theThird Division South until1936–37, when the team finished top and won promotion to theSecond Division, at that time the second tier of English football.[20] During the promotion season,strikerJoe Payne scored 55 goals in 39 games; during the previous season he had scored 10 in one match againstBristol Rovers, which remains a Football League record today.[21] Towards the end on the 1936-37 seasonEddie Parris became the first Black player to represent Luton when he made his debut on 13 March 1937 in a home game againstNorthampton Town.[22]
Inyo-yo club fashion, Luton were to return. A team includingBruce Rioch,John Moore andGraham French won the Fourth Division championship in1967–68 under the leadership of former playerAllan Brown;[8] two years laterMalcolm Macdonald's goals helped them to another promotion,[37] while comedianEric Morecambe became a director of the club.[37] Luton Town won promotion back to the First Division in1973–74, but were relegatedthe following season by a solitary point.[8][38] Former Luton playerDavid Pleat was made manager in 1978, and by1982–83 the team was back in the top flight.[8] The team which Pleat assembled at Kenilworth Road was notable at the time for the number ofblack players it included; during an era when many English squads were almost entirely white, Luton often fielded a mostly black team. Talented players such asRicky Hill,Brian Stein andEmeka Nwajiobi made key contributions to the club's success during this period,[39] causing it to accrue "a richer history of black stars than any in the country", in the words of journalist Gavin Willacy.[40]
On the last day of the 1982–83 season, the club's first back in the top tier, it narrowly escaped relegation: playingManchester City atMaine Road, Luton needed to win to stay up, while City could escape with a draw.[41] A late winner byYugoslavian substituteRaddy Antić saved the team and prompted Pleat to dance across the pitch performing a "jig of joy",[41] an image that has becomeiconic.[42] The club achieved its highest ever league position, seventh, underJohn Moore in1986–87,[43] and, managed byRay Harford, won theFootball League Cup a year later with a3–2 win overArsenal. With ten minutes left on the clock and Arsenal 2–1 ahead, a penalty save from stand-in goalkeeperAndy Dibble sparked a late Luton rally:Danny Wilson equalised, beforeBrian Stein scored the winner with the last kick of the match.[8][44][45] The club reached theLeague Cup Final once more in1988–89, but lost 3–1 to Nottingham Forest.[8]
Luton Town players and staff celebrate winning theConference Premier title in 2014
The club was relegated from the top division at the end of the1991–92 season,[8] and sank to the third tierfour years later.[8][46] Luton stayed in the third-tier Second Division until relegation at the end of the2000–01 season.[47] Under the management ofJoe Kinnear, who had arrived halfway through the previous season,[48] the team won promotion from the fourth tier at the first attempt.[8] "Controversial"[49] ownerJohn Gurney unsettled the club in 2003,[49] terminating Kinnear's contract on his arrival in May;[49][50] Gurney replaced Kinnear withMike Newell before leaving Luton as the club enteredadministration.[49][51] Newell's team finished as champions of the rebranded third-tierFootball League One in2004–05.[8][52]
While Newell's place was taken first byKevin Blackwell and later former playerMick Harford,[53][54] the team was then relegated twice in a row, starting in2006–07, and spent the latter part of the2007–08 season in administration, thus incurring a ten-point deduction from that season's total.[8][55] The club then had a total of 30 points docked from its2008–09 record bythe Football Association and the Football League for financial irregularities dating back several years.[56] These deductions proved to be too large an obstacle to overcome,[57] but Luton came from behind in the final of theFootball League Trophy to win the competition for the first time.[58]
Relegation meant that2009–10 saw Luton playing in theConference Premier, a competition in which the club had never before participated. The club unsuccessfully contested the promotion play-offs three times in four seasons during their time as a non-League club, employing five different managers. In the2012–13 FA Cup fourth round, Luton won theiraway tie againstPremier League clubNorwich City 1–0 and, in doing so, became the first non-League team to beat a side from England's top division since 1989.[59] In the2013–14 season, under the management ofJohn Still, Luton won the Conference Premier title with three games to spare, and thereby secured a return to the Football League from2014–15.[60] After reaching theLeague Two play-offs in2016–17,[61] when they were beaten 6–5on aggregate byBlackpool in the semi-final,[62] Luton were promoted back toLeague One thefollowing season as runners-up.[63][64] Luton achieved a second successive promotion in2018–19, after they won the League One title, marking the club's return to theChampionship after a 12-year absence.[65][66] Luton reached theChampionship play-offs in2021–22, where they were beaten 2–1 on aggregate byHuddersfield Town in the semi-final. At the end of the2022–23 season, Luton Town secured a consecutive place in the Championship play-offs having finished in 3rd place.[67] Luton Town beatSunderland 3–2 on aggregate in the play-off semi-finals to reach the play-off final againstCoventry City.[68] They went on to beat Coventry City 6–5 on penalties after a tense 1–1 draw to secure promotion to thePremier League for the first time.[69] After collecting one point in their first five matches of the season, Luton won their first Premier League game on 30 September 2023, beatingEverton 2–1 away atGoodison Park.[70] After a stable first half of the season, the club's form significantly regressed after January, winning one in seventeen matches before being relegated in May 2024.[71]
Luton first wore white and black between 1920 and 1973.
Luton Town badge,1973–87
The club's nickname, "the Hatters", reflects Luton's historical connection with thehat making trade, which has been prominent there since the 17th century.[72][73] The nickname was originally a variant on the now rarely seenstraw-plaiters.[further explanation needed] Supporters of the club are also called Hatters.[74]
The club is associated with two very different colour schemes—white and black (first permanently adopted in 1920), and orange, navy and white (first used in 1973, and worn by the team as of the2015–16 season). Luton mainly wore a combination of light blue and white before 1920, when white shirts and black shorts were first adopted. These colours were retained for over half a century, with the colour of the socks varying between white and black, until Luton changed to orange, navy and white at the start of the1973–74 season. Luton began playing in white shirts, shorts and socks in 1979, with the orange and navy motif reduced to trim; navy shorts were adopted in 1984. This palette was retained until the1999–2000 season, when the team played in orange shirts and blue shorts. From 2000 to 2008, Luton returned to white shirts and black shorts; orange was included as trim until 2007. The white, navy and orange palette favoured in the 1980s was brought back in 2008, following the results of a club poll,[75] but a year later the colours were changed yet again, this time to a predominantly orange strip with white shorts.[76] Navy shorts were readopted in 2011. Luton wore orange shirts, navy shorts and white socks during the2015–16 season.[16]
Luton Town have traditionally used the town's crest as its own in a manner similar to many other teams. The club's first badge was a white eight-pointed star, which was emblazoned across the team's shirts (then a deepcochineal red) in 1892. Four years later a crest comprising the club's initials intertwined was briefly adopted. The shirts were thereafter plain until 1933, when Luton first adopted a badge depicting a straw boater, which appeared on Luton shirts. The letters "LTFC" were added in 1935, and this basic design remained until 1947. The club then played without a badge until 1970, when the club began to wear the town crest regularly, having first done so in the 1959 FA Cup Final.[77]
In 1973, concurrently with the club's switch to the orange kit, a new badge was introduced featuring the new colours. The new emblem depicted a stylised orange football, bearing the letters "Lt", surrounded by the club's name in navy blue text.[77] In 1987, the club switched back to a derivative of the town emblem, with the shield portion of the heraldic crest becoming the team's badge; the only similarity with the previous design was the inclusion of the club name around the shield in navy blue. The "rainbow" badge, introduced in 1994, featured the town crest below an orange and blue bow which curved around to meet two footballs, positioned on either side of the shield, with the club name underneath.[77] This badge was used until 2005, when a replacement very similar to the 1987 version was adopted, featuring black text rather than blue and a straw boater in place of the outstretched arm depicted in the older design. The club's founding year, 1885, was added in 2008.[16] The badge was altered once more during the2009–10 pre-season, with the red of the town crest being replaced with orange to better reflect the club colours.[78]
The club released the song "Hatters, Hatters", a collaboration between the Luton team and the Bedfordshire-based musical comedy groupthe Barron Knights, in 1974.[79] Eight years later another song featuring vocals by the Luton players, "We're Luton Town", was released to celebrate the club's promotion to the First Division.[80]
The first sponsor to appear on a Luton Town shirt was Tricentrol, a local motor company based inDunstable, who sponsored the club from March 1980 to 1982; the deal was worth £50,000.[81]
A list of subsequent Luton Town shirt sponsors are as follow:
The view from the Kenilworth End in 2007. To the left is the Main Stand, and to the right is the Oak Road End.Luton Town's average home league attendances at Kenilworth Road from1946–47 to2016–17. Attendances rose with Luton's promotion in 1955 before plummeting during the early 1960s as the club suffered three relegations. Spectators returned with the promotions of the late 1960s and mid 1970s, before seeing a decline with the introduction of anall-seater stadium in 1986.
Luton Town's first ground was atDallow Lane, the former ground of Excelsior.[5] The ground was next to theDunstable to Luton railway line, and players regularly claimed to have trouble seeing the ball because of smoke from the trains.[9] A damaging financial loss during1896–97 forced Luton to sell the stadium to stay afloat and, as a result, the club moved across the tracks to a stadium between the railway and Dunstable Road.[9] TheDunstable Road ground was opened byHerbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, who also donated £50 towards the £800 building costs.[9] When the site was sold for housing in 1905, the club was forced to move again at short notice,[9] to its presentKenilworth Road site, in time for the start of the1905–06 season.[7][9]
The stadium has an all-seater capacity of 11,600[100] and is situated in theBury Park area ofLuton. It was named after the road that runs along one end of it, although the official address of the club is 1 Maple Road. Opposite the eponymous Kenilworth Stand is the Oak Road End, which has evolved from a stand first used exclusively by Luton supporters, then later by away supporters, and now used by both except in times of high ticket demand from away clubs. The Main Stand is flanked by theDavid Preece Stand, and opposite them stands a row of executive boxes. These boxes replaced the Bobbers Stand in 1986, as the club sought to maximise income.[101]
The original Main Stand burnt down in 1921, and was replaced by the current stand before the1922–23 season. The ground underwent extensive redevelopment during the 1930s, and the capacity by the start of theSecond World War was 30,000.Floodlights were installed before the1953–54 season, but it was 20 years before any further modernisation was carried out. In 1973 the Bobbers Stand became all-seated, and in 1985 the grass pitch was replaced with anartificial playing surface; it quickly became unpopular and was derided as "the plastic pitch".[18][101][102][103]
Aserious incident involving hooliganism before, during and after a match againstMillwall in 1985 led to the club's then chairman,ConservativeMember of Parliament (MP)David Evans, introducing a scheme effective from the start of1986–87 supposedly banning all visiting supporters from the ground, and requiring home fans to carry membership cards when attending matches.[104] Conversion to an all-seater ground also began in 1986.[101] Away fans returned for1990–91,[105] and grass a year later.[106] The David Preece Stand was erected in 1991, and the conversion of the Kenilworth Stand to an all-seater was completed in 2005.[101]
The club first expressed an interest in building a new stadium away from Kenilworth Road in 1955, the year it won promotion to the First Division for the first time. Even then the ground was small compared to those of most First and Second Division clubs, and its location made significant redevelopment difficult. The team has since made several attempts to relocate.[33] Leaving Luton for the nearby new town ofMilton Keynes was unsuccessfullyproposed several times, most notably in the 1980s.[107] The club sold Kenilworth Road to Luton Council in 1989, and has since leased it.[108] A planning application for a new 20,000-seater indoor stadium, the "Kohlerdome" proposed by chairmanDavid Kohler in 1995, was turned down by theSecretary of State in 1998, and Kohler left soon after.[109]
In 2007, the club's then-owners proposed a controversial plan to relocate to a site near Junction 12 of theM1 motorway, nearHarlington andToddington.[110] A planning application was made on the club's behalf by former chairman Cliff Bassett, but the application was withdrawn almost immediately following the club's takeover in 2008.[111][112] In 2009, the club began an independent feasibility study to determine a viable location to move to.[113][114] The club did not rule out redeveloping Kenilworth Road and, in October 2012, entered talks to buy the stadium back from Luton Borough Council.[108] By 2015, these plans had been dropped in favour of a move to a new location, with managing director Gary Sweet confirming that the club was in a position to "buy land, secure the best possible professional advice ... and to see the [planning] application process through to the receipt of consent."[115]
In April 2016, the club announced its intention to build and move into a 17,500-capacity stadium on the Power Court site in central Luton.[116] Outline planning permission for this ground, with potential to expand to 23,000 seats, was granted by Luton Borough Council on 16 January 2019.[117] In March 2021, the club announced that it intended to make a number of changes to the initial scheme to reflect changes caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic, but that the capacity of the new stadium was still to be 23,000 and had a target opening date of 2024.[118] This plan was revised in 2023, to delivering the first phase, a 19,500-seat stadium, by 2026, followed by the second, a further 4,000 safe standing seats, at a later date.[119][120] In September 2024, the club submitted revised plans to the Luton Borough Council for a 25,000 stadium with a planned opening date of 2027.[121][122] The council approved the plans in January 2025.[123]
During the2014–15 season, Luton Town had an average home league attendance of 8,702—the second highest inLeague Two behind onlyPortsmouth.[B] In the2013–14 season, when the club were in theConference Premier, the club had significantly higher support than the other clubs in its league, with an average home attendance of 7,387; more than twice compared to the second highest of 3,568.[C] Average attendances at Kenilworth Road fell with the installation of seats and the club's reduction in stature, dropping from 13,452 in1982–83 to their 2014–15 level—a slump of 35% over 32 years.[124] Asupporters' trust,Trust in Luton, owns shares in the club and elects a representative to the club's board.[125][126] The club's official supporters' group, Luton Town Supporters' Club, merged with Trust in Luton in 2014.[127] The club is associated with another supporters' group, the breakaway Loyal Luton Supporters Club.[128] Trust in Luton has, since March 2014, held the legal right to veto any changes to the club's identity, including name, nickname, colours, club crest and mascot.[129]
Luton Town supporters maintain a bitter rivalry withHertfordshire-basedWatford.[130][131][132] Watford were the higher ranked team at the end of every season from 1997 until 2022. However, overall Luton still hold the superior record in the fixture between the two clubs; out of 120 competitive matches there have been 55 Luton victories and 38 for Watford, with 29 draws. The 2003Football Fans Census showed that there was also animosity between Luton Town fans and those of west London clubQueens Park Rangers.[130] The fans also maintain a friendly relationship with Dutch sideGo Ahead Eagles.
The club produces an official match programme for home matches, entitledOur Town.[133] A character known as Happy Harry, a smiling man wearing a straw boater, serves as the team's mascot and appears on the Kenilworth Road pitch before matches.[134] In December 2014, after the seafrontstatue of Eric Morecambe in his birthplaceMorecambe was restored, Luton andMorecambe F.C. jointly announced that the winners of future Luton–Morecambe fixtures would be awarded the "Eric Morecambe Trophy".[135]
The first player to becapped while playing for Luton was left wingerRobert Hawkes, who took to the field forEngland againstIreland atGoodison Park on 16 February 1907.[11] The most capped player isMal Donaghy, who earned 58Northern Ireland caps while at the club.[142] The first player to score in an international match wasJoe Payne, who scored twice in his only game for England againstFinland on 20 May 1937.[143] Payne also holds the Football League record for the most goals in a game—he hit 10 pastBristol Rovers on 13 April 1936.[21]
The highest transfer fee received for a Luton Town player is the feeLeicester City paid for Luton-born full-backJames Justin on 28 June 2019.[147] The most expensive player Luton Town have ever bought was wing-backRyan Giles, for a reported fee of £5 million fromWolverhampton Wanderers on 27 July 2023.[citation needed]
The youngest player to make afirst-team appearance for Luton Town isConnor Tomlinson at 15 years and 199 days old in theEFL Trophy, replacingZane Banton as a 92nd-minutesubstitute in a 2–1 win overGillingham on 30 August 2016, after the club were given permission for him to play from his headteacher.[148]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
The club operates a Development Squad, made up of contracted senior players, youth team scholars and trialists, which plays in the Southern Division ofThe Central League.[150] The club also fields an under-18 team in theFootball League Youth Alliance South East Conference.[151] Luton's youth set-up consists of ten Soccer Centres acrossBedfordshire andNorth Hertfordshire, two Centres of Excellence (one inLuton, one inDunstable), and an academy inBaldock that caters for players in the under-9 to under-16 age groups.[152]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Joe Kinnear, seen in 2009, was Luton manager from 2001 to 2003.Richard Money(2007 photograph), a player for Luton during the1982–83 season, managed the club from 2009 to 2011.
As of 19 May 2024. Only managers in charge for a minimum of 50 competitive matches are counted.[154][155][156]
Key: M = matches; W = matches won; D = matches drawn; L = matches lost
A. ^ The only other club from the south of England in the Football League at the time wasWoolwich Arsenal.
B. ^ Calculated by adding together all the home league attendances for the2014–15 season to calculate the total attendance (200,157) and then dividing by the number of home league matches (23) to reach an average of 8,702. Attendances taken from BBC report for match that day and Soccerbase statistics.[157]
C. ^ Calculated by adding together all the home league attendances for the2013–14 season to calculate the total attendance (169,906) and then dividing by the number of home league matches (23) to reach an average of 7,387. Attendances taken from BBC report for match that day and Soccerbase statistics.[158]
^Collings, Timothy (1985).The Luton Town Story 1885–1985. Luton: Luton Town F.C. pp. 1–2.ISBN978-0-9510679-0-1.
^abcHayes, Dean P. (2002).Completely Top Hatters!. Dunstable: Book Castle Publishing. p. 55.ISBN978-1-903747-27-8.
^"Chapter Six – 11th April 1885".Straw Plaiters: Luton Town Football Club in the Victorian era. Brian Webb.Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved24 November 2018.
^abcCollings, Timothy (1985).The Luton Town Story 1885–1985. Luton: Luton Town F.C. pp. 3–4.ISBN978-0-9510679-0-1.
^"Volume 114".The Listener. London: BBC Magazines: 9. 1985.... Luton has an attractive team led by some of the finest black players in the country, such as Brian Stein, Ricky Hill and the exciting Nigerian Nwajobi. Sometimes half the Luton team has been black.
^Willacy, Gavin (23 October 2008)."Opportunity knocked".When Saturday Comes. London. Archived fromthe original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved15 December 2016.It is perhaps most alarming that Ramsey's bitterest experience of what he considered racism came at Luton Town, a club who have had probably more black players and a richer history of black stars than any in the country, but who maintain an almost exclusively white fan base.
^"1974–1985". Luton Town F.C. 2 August 2016.Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved15 December 2016.Visions of David Pleat skipping across the ... turf ... remain some of television's enduring images.
^"1985–1988". Luton Town F.C. 2 August 2016.Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved15 December 2016.A last-minute strike from Brian Stein saw [Luton] Town finally overcome Arsenal 3–2 at Wembley in a see-saw thriller in which Arsenal, leading 2–1, were awarded a penalty, which was brilliantly saved by Andy Dibble, before [Luton] Town came storming back, leading to skipper Steve Foster lifting the Littlewoods Cup.
^Lamont, Tom (6 April 2008)."Frozen in time".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved24 June 2009.Arsenal led 2–1 with 10 minutes left when Andy Dibble, Luton's reserve keeper, saved a Nigel Winterburn penalty ... This equaliser was scrambled in [when] Brian [Stein] hit the ball across the face of the box. Danny Wilson nodded it in. In the final minute, Brian Stein's close-range volley snatched victory.
^"Winners and losers".The Independent. London. 6 May 1996.Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved13 May 2009.
^We're Luton Town (vinyl record). Luton Town Football Club. Artesian Records. 1982. ARC 314 A.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^"Luton sign £50,000 deal".Luton Town. Luton Town F.C. 1 March 1980.
^Bose, Mihir (23 October 1994). "Luton chairman ready for a stretch inside".The Sunday Times. Times Newspapers: 22.;"Lawrence counts cost of progress".The Sunday Times. Times Newspapers: 5 (Sport). 29 November 1998.;"Luton's proposed stadium blocked".The Times. Times Newspapers: 49. 23 February 1999.