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| Luisa de Guzmán | |||||
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 Portrait attributed toAlonso Cano, 1632 | |||||
| Queen consort of Portugal | |||||
| Tenure | 1 December 1640 – 6 November 1656 | ||||
| Queen Regent of Portugal | |||||
Regency | 6 November 1656 – 22 June 1662 | ||||
Monarch | |||||
| Born | (1613-10-13)13 October 1613 Huelva,[1]Spain | ||||
| Died | 27 February 1666(1666-02-27) (aged 52) Lisbon,Portugal | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | |||||
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| House | Medina Sidonia | ||||
| Father | Manuel, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia | ||||
| Mother | Juana de Sandoval y la Cerda | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval (Portuguese:Luísa Maria Francisca de Gusmão;[2] 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a Spanish noblewoman who becameQueen of Portugal as the wife of KingJohn IV, the firstBraganza ruler. She was the mother of two kings ofPortugal (Afonso VI andPeter II) and aqueen of England (Catherine of Braganza).[3] She served asregent of Portugal from 1656 until 1662.[4]
Luisa wasSpanish by birth, the daughter ofManuel Pérez de Guzmán y Silva, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, andJuana Gómez de Sandoval y de la Cerda.[2] Her paternal grandfather wasAlonso Pérez de Guzmán y Sotomayor, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, while her paternal great-grandmother wasAna de Mendoza y de Silva, Princess of Éboli. Through her mother, she was also a descendant ofIsabel, Lady of Viseu, the illegitimate daughter ofKing Ferdinand I.
She married a high rankingPortuguese noble,John, 8thDuke of Braganza, in 1633, during the period of theIberian Union.[5][6]
Despite her Spanish roots, Luisa guided her husband's policies during thePortuguese revolution against Habsburg Spain of 1640.[7] She is considered the main influence[3][6] behind his acceptance of the Portuguese throne.[8][9]It is said that being warned of the dangers of becoming queen of a country that was to face Spain's might, she pronounced the famous words:[citation needed]
Antes Rainha um dia que Duquesa toda a vida.
Rather Queen for a day than Duchess all my life.
In some sources, this is quoted asfor an hour instead offor a day.
When she was made aware of a failed attempt to murder the King in 1641, she is said to have been one of the members of theCorte, which supported the execution of nobles like theDuke of Caminha.[citation needed]
In 1656, she was named Regent of the Kingdom after her husband's death and during the minority of her sonAfonso VI.[10][11]
Luisa was politically astute[12] and mainly responsible for the diplomatic success of the new alliance withEngland.[13][14] Her daughterCatherine marriedCharles II of England.[15]
Afonso was considered mentally unfit for governing.[16] In addition to lacking intellect, he exhibited wild and disruptive behavior.[10][17] In 1662, after the king terrorized Lisbon at night alongside his favorites,[18][19] Luisa and her council responded by banishing some of the king's companions that were associated with the raids.[19] Angered, Afonso took power with the help ofCastelo-Melhor and Luisa's regency came to an end.[20][21] She subsequently retired to a convent,[22][2] where she died in 1666.[23]
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Luisa de Guzmán Born: 13 October 1613 Died: 27 February 1666 | ||
| Portuguese royalty | ||
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| Preceded by | Queen consort of Portugal 1640–1656 | Vacant Title next held by Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy |
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