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Ludlow Epoch

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3rd series of the Silurian
Ludlow
426.7 ± 1.5 – 422.7 ± 1.6Ma
A map of Earth as it appeared 425 million years ago during the Ludlow Epoch, Ludfordian Age
Chronology
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Subdivision of the Silurian according to theICS, as of 2023.[3]
Vertical axis scale:Millions of years ago
Etymology
Name formalityFormal
Name ratified1980[4]
Usage information
Celestial bodyEarth
Regional usageGlobal (ICS)
Time scale(s) usedICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unitEpoch
Stratigraphic unitSeries
Time span formalityFormal
Lower boundary definitionFAD of theGraptoliteSaetograptus (Colonograptus) varians
Lower boundary GSSPPitch Coppice,Ludlow,U.K.
52°21′33″N2°46′38″W / 52.3592°N 2.7772°W /52.3592; -2.7772
Lower GSSP ratified1980[4]
Upper boundary definitionFAD of the GraptoliteMonograptus parultimus.
Upper boundary GSSPPožáry Section,Prague-Řeporyje,Czech Republic
50°01′40″N14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E /50.0277; 14.3249
Upper GSSP ratified1984[5][6]

In thegeological timescale, theLudlow Epoch (from 426.7 ± 1.5 million years ago to 422.7 ± 1.6 million years ago) occurred during theSilurian Period, after the end of theHomerian Age. It is named for the town ofLudlow inShropshire,England.

The Ludlow Epoch is subdivided into two stages:Gorstian andLudfordian.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events".Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.93 (02):135–154.doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
  2. ^Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.195 (1):99–124.doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
  3. ^"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"(PDF).International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. RetrievedOctober 23, 2025.
  4. ^abHolland, C. (1982)."The State of Silurian Stratigraphy"(PDF).Episodes.1982 (3):21–23.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004. Retrieved11 December 2020.
  5. ^Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018)."The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review".Frontiers in Earth Science.6: 191.Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..191L.doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191.
  6. ^Holland, C. (June 1985)."Series and Stages of the Silurian System"(PDF).Episodes.8 (2):101–103.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. Retrieved11 December 2020.
Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)
Quaternary(present–2.58 Ma)
Neogene(2.58–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene(23.0–66.0 Ma)
Example of stratigraphic column
Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)
Cretaceous(66.0–145 Ma)
Jurassic(145–201 Ma)
Triassic(201–252 Ma)
Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)
Permian(252–299 Ma)
Carboniferous(299–359 Ma)
Devonian(359–419 Ma)
Silurian(419–444 Ma)
Ordovician(444–485 Ma)
Cambrian(485–539 Ma)
Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
Neoproterozoic(539 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic(1–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic(1.6–2.5 Ga)
Archean Eon(2.5–4 Ga)
Hadean Eon(4–4.6 Ga)
 
ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago);Ma = megaannum (million years ago);Ga = gigaannum (billion years ago).
See also:Geologic time scale  • iconGeology portal  • World portal
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