 | |
| Owner | British American Tobacco |
|---|---|
| Produced by | British American Tobacco R. J. Reynolds |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Introduced | 1871 |
| Carcinogenicity:IARC group 1 | |
Lucky Strike is an American brand ofcigarettes owned by theBritish American Tobacco group. Individual cigarettes of the brand are often referred to colloquially as "Luckies".
Lucky Strike was introduced as a brand of plug tobacco (chewing tobacco bound together with molasses) by an American firm R.A. Patterson in 1871 and evolved into a cigarette by the early 1900s.[1] The brand style name was inspired by thegold rushes of the era, and was intended to connote a top-quality blend.[2]
Anurban legend claims that the name is a reference tocannabis in some cigarette packs.[3]
The brand was first introduced by R. A. Patterson ofRichmond, Virginia, in 1871 as cut plug chewing tobacco and later as a cigarette. In 1905, the company was acquired by theAmerican Tobacco Company.
In 1917, the brand debuted the slogan "It's Toasted" to promote the manufacturing method of toasting — rather than sun drying — the tobacco. In an attempt to counter this popular campaign, competitorCamel took a different approach, claiming that Camel was a "fresh cigarette never parched or toasted".[4]
Lucky Strike's association withradio programs began during the 1920s onNBC. By 1928, the bandleader andvaudeville producerB. A. Rolfe was performing on radio and recording as "B.A. Rolfe and his Lucky Strike Orchestra" for Edison Records. AviatrixAmelia Earhart became the face of Lucky Strike cigarettes in 1928, claiming to have smoked Lucky Strikes on her flight from Canada to England.[5] The copy of an advertisement at that time said, "Lucky Strikes were the cigarettes carried on the 'Friendship' when she crossed the Atlantic. They were smoked continuously from Trepassey to Wales. I think nothing else helped so much to lessen the strain for all of us."[5]
In the late 1920s, the brand was sold as an avenue to thinness for women. One typical advertisement said, "Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet."[6] Sales went from 14 billion cigarettes in 1925 to 40 billion in 1930.[7]
In the early 1930s,Al Jolson was also paid to endorse the brand; he called Lucky Strike "The cigarette of the acting profession ... the good old flavor of Luckies is as sweet and soothing as the best'Mammy' song ever written."[8] In 1935, the American Tobacco Company began to sponsorYour Hit Parade, featuringNorth Carolina tobacco auctioneerLee Aubrey "Speed" Riggs (later, another tobacco auctioneer from Lexington, Kentucky, F. E. Boone, was added). The weekly radio show capitalized on the tobacco auction theme and each ended with the signature phrase "Sold, American".[9]
In 1934,Edward Bernays was asked to deal with women's apparent reluctance to buy Lucky Strikes because their green and red package clashed with standard female fashions. When Bernays suggested changing the package to a neutral color,George Washington Hill, head of theAmerican Tobacco Company, refused, citing the money that he had already spent millions advertising the package. Bernays then endeavored to make green a fashionable color.[10] The centerpiece of his efforts was the Green Ball, a social event at theWaldorf Astoria, hosted byNarcissa Cox Vanderlip. The pretext for the ball and its unnamed underwriter was that all proceeds would go to charity. High society women would attend wearing green dresses. Manufacturers and clothing and accessories retailers were advised of the excitement growing around the color green. Intellectuals were enlisted to give highbrow talks on the theme of green.
The company's advertising campaign generally featured a theme that stressed the quality of the tobacco, claiming that the higher quality tobacco resulted in a cigarette with better flavor. This campaign included a series of advertisements using Hollywood actors as endorsers of Lucky Strike. For example,Douglas Fairbanks referenced its toasted tobacco as a distinguishing feature.[9]
In 1937–1938, American Tobacco paid $130,000 (US$3.2 million in 2019) to 16 Hollywood actors and actresses for their endorsement of Lucky Strike. The highest paid among the celebrities wereJoan Crawford,Gary Cooper,Clark Gable,Myrna Loy,Robert Taylor, andSpencer Tracy, who were each paid $10,000 (roughly US$178,000 in 2019).[8][11]
"Luckies" were the cigarette of choice for famous smokerBette Davis. Starting in the fall of 1944, Lucky Strike began sponsoring comedianJack Benny's radio and television show,The Jack Benny Program, which was also introduced asThe Lucky Strike Program.[12]
The Lucky Strike signature dark-green pack was changed to white in 1942 in a famous advertising campaign that used the slogan "Lucky Strike Green has gone to war." The company claimed the change was made because thecopper used in the green coloring was needed forWorld War II,[13] though, in reality, American Tobacco usedchromium for the green ink and copper for the gold-colored trim. Supply of each was limited and the substitute materials made the packaging look drab, but attributing the package update to the war effort helped Lucky Strike appear more patriotic.[14] Famed industrial designerRaymond Loewy was challenged by company presidentGeorge Washington Hill to improve the existing green and red package with a $50,000 bet. Loewy changed the background from green to white, because market research suggested it had more appeal to female smokers while also cutting printing costs by eliminating the green dye. He also placed the Lucky Strike target logo on both sides of the package, a move that increased both visibility and sales. Hill paid off the bet.[15]
The message "L.S./M.F.T." ("Lucky Strike means fine tobacco") was introduced on the package in 1944.[16]
Lucky Strike was one of the brands included in theC-rations provided to American troops during World War II. Each C-ration of the time included nine cigarettes of varying brands, because military leaders believed tobacco was essential to the morale of soldiers. The other cigarette brands included in the C-rations wereCamel, Chelsea,Chesterfield,Craven "A"-Brand,Old Gold,Philip Morris,Player's, Raleigh, andWings.[17] The practice of including cigarettes in field rations continued through theKorean andVietnam Wars, ending in 1976 with the growing evidence that linked smoking to various health problems.[18]
In 1978 and 1994, export and U.S. rights were purchased byBrown & Williamson. In the 1960s, filtered styles were launched in addition to a mentholated version called "Lucky Strike Green", with "green" referring tomenthol and not to the package color. In late 2006, the "Full Flavored" and "Light" filtered varieties were discontinued in North America. However, Lucky Strike continued to have marketing and distribution support in territories controlled byBritish American Tobacco (BAT) as a global brand. Additionally, R. J. Reynolds continues to market the original, non-filtered Lucky Strikes in the United States. Lucky Strike currently has a small base of smokers.[19][20]
In 2007, a new packaging of Lucky Strikes was released with a two-way opening that splits seven cigarettes from the rest. In that same year, the company used the world's smallest man at the time,He Pingping, in their advertising campaigns.
In 2009, Lucky Strike Silver (the variety marketed as "lighter") changed its UK pack from the quintessential red design to blue, albeit with a red outer covering around the packet.
In 2012 consumption of Lucky Strikes stood at 33 billion packets, up from 23 billion in 2007. The television seriesMad Men, which featured Lucky Strike as a major client of the advertising firm Sterling Cooper and the cigarette of choice ofDon Draper, was credited with inspiring the massive jump in sales.[21]
In December 2020, Lucky Strike filtered cigarettes, both full-flavored and lights, plus full-flavored and light menthol versions, were reintroduced to the U.S. market.
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From 1972 until the team's departure in 1975, Lucky Strike sponsored theScuderia Scribante team, which was also known as"Neville Lederle" and"Lucky Strike Racing". The cars, driven byNeville Lederle andDave Charlton, were some of the first to be sponsored by a major tobacco company after theLotus Team was sponsored by Gold Leaf in 1968, andMarlboro started sponsoringBritish Racing Motors in 1972 and laterMcLaren in 1974.[22][23] The team mainly participated in the South African Grand Prix inKyalami, but during the1972 Formula One season, the team also participated in the French Grand Prix inCircuit de Charade, the British Grand Prix inBrands Hatch and the German Grand Prix at the oldNürburgring.[24][25] After the retirement of the team, it took over 20 years before Lucky Strike participated in Formula 1 again with the British American Racing team.
As a result ofBritish American Tobacco (BAT) buying outAmerican Tobacco Company in 1976, Lucky Strike came under control of BAT. The company acquiredFormula 1'sTyrrell Racing team in 1997 and rebranded it asBritish American Racing the following year, sponsoring the team with its Lucky Strike and stablemate555 brands. In the team'sdébut season, they originally wanted to brandJacques Villeneuve's car in the red and white Lucky Strike livery, while brandingRicardo Zonta's car with the blue colors of555. However, the FIA blocked the move, and the team were forced to run two similar liveries. They opted to have the Lucky Strike livery on the left hand side of the car and the 555 livery on the right hand side, with a zip going up in the middle of the nose. From2000 on, the team solely used Lucky Strike branding. The team was bought outright by partnersHonda by 2006, though Lucky Strike continued to sponsor the team until the end of that year.[26][27] For races where tobacco branding was not allowed, the Lucky Strike logo was blocked out (from 1999 to 2004), replaced by "Run Free" on other parts of the car (in 1999), changed to "Look Alike" (from 2000 to 2003), to a barcode with Formula One car (in 2003–2004), to "Look Left", "Look Right", and "Don't Walk" (in 2004), and "Racing Revolution" (in 2005–2006).
Lucky Strike was also the prime sponsor of theSuzuki MotoGP team from the1990 season until the1997 season. American motorcycle racerKevin Schwantz became the 1993 world champion riding the Lucky Strike-sponsoredSuzuki RGV500, with riders includingDoug Chandler,Alex Barros andDaryl Beattie taking various podiums and wins on the Lucky Strike Suzuki as well.[28][29][30][31][32]
In 1996,Brown & Williamson, the makers of Lucky Strike, were ordered to pay $750,000 to a Florida resident who had developed lung cancer after having smoked cigarettes for 44 years. The jury found Brown & Williamson guilty of manufacturing a defective product, and of engaging inmisleading advertising by not warning people about the health danger associated with their product.[35]
In 1998, Brown & Williamson again found liable to pay $950,000 in damages to the relatives of a Florida resident who had died from lung cancer. The jury found that the company had conspired with other tobacco companies to hide the health risks of smoking cigarettes. According to theTampa Bay Times, this lawsuit marked "the first time a tobacco company has been ordered to pay punitive damages intended to punish and deter wrongdoing because cigarettes are inherently dangerous".[36]
"Lucky Strike" was the name of one of a number of temporary U.S. Armytent cities known asCigarette Camps situated around the French port ofLe Havre following its capture in the wake of the AlliedNormandy landings in mid-1944.[37]
lucky strikes cigarettes.
The ship made crossings in 1946 carrying troops between the European Theater of Operations, especially Le Havre, France, and New York City, New York. From Le Havre, the ship often left from the area known as the 'Cigarette Camps'.
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