Lucknow district | |
|---|---|
    .jpg) Clockwise from top-left:Bara Imambara, Ruin ofLucknow Residency Hall,Husainabad Clock Tower, Outer roads of Lucknow City,Gomti River in Lucknow | |
 Location of Lucknow district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Lucknow |
| Established | 1856; 169 years ago (1856) |
| Headquarters | Lucknow |
| Tehsils | |
| Government | |
| • Body | Lucknow Municipal Corporation |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Lucknow &Mohanlalganj |
| • Mayor | Shushma Kharakwal (BJP) |
| • District Magistrate | Surya Pal Gangawar (IAS) |
| • DIG | Prabhakar Chaudhary (IPS) |
| • MPs(Lok Sabha) | |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,528 km2 (976 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 4,589,838 |
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,038,996 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 82% |
| • Sex ratio | 910♀/ 1000♂ |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-32 |
| Major Highways and Expressway |
|
| Website | lucknow |
Lucknow district is adistrict located in the state ofUttar Pradesh in northern India. The city ofLucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part ofLucknow division. It is also the capital city of Uttar Pradesh.[1] Lucknow is bounded on the east byBarabanki district, on the west byUnnao andHardoi districts, on the south byRaebareli district and in the north bySitapur district.
Located in what was historically known as theAwadh region, Lucknow has always been a multicultural place.[2]
The Lucknow district that exists today was created by the British in 1856, upon their annexation ofOudh State.[3] Under the Nawabs of Oudh, the area administered from Lucknow had been rather small, consisting of only theparganas immediately surrounding the city.[3] This was known as the Huzur tehsil.[3] The rest of the area had been part of other divisions whose headquarters lay outside the borders of the present-day district.[3]
From 1856 until 1872, the new Lucknow district consisted of 10 parganas in 4 tehsils: Lucknow tehsil contained the 3 parganas of Lucknow, Bijnaur, and Kakori;Kursi tehsil contained the 3 parganas of Kursi,Dewa, and Mahona; Mohanlalganj tehsil contained the 2 parganas of Mohanlalganj and Nigohan; and Malihabad tehsil consisted of the 2 parganas of Malihabad andAuras-Mohan.[3] In 1872, the first regular settlement conducted by the British was completed, and three parganas were transferred out of Lucknow district: Dewa and Kursi, the two easternmost parganas, were transferred toBarabanki district, while Auras-Mohan in the west was transferred toUnnao district.[3] At the same time, the tehsils of Malihabad and Mahona were merged into a single entity.[3]
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Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometers, centrally located in both the central Ganges plain as well as Uttar Pradesh as a whole.[1] It consists of three geographical sub-regions: theGomti basin, the Lucknow-Uparwar plain, and the upperSai catchments.[1] The landscape is very flat, with virtually no hills.[3] There is a gradual slope from northwest to southeast, following the course of the rivers.[3] Geologically, it is made of lightalluvium[3] and dun gravels[1] of relatively recent age.[1] Scattered throughout the district are the nodular limestone deposits calledkankar, which appear in beds of varying thickness located 2–5 feet below the surface.[3]
The area was once lightly wooded, but by the turn of the 20th century most of this had been cut down.[3] Largedhak forests covered parts of the old parganas of Malihabad, Mahona, and Mohanlalganj until the late 1800s, when they were cleared to make space for farms.[3] By the early 1900s, the only large area of dhak forest that remained was in the northeastern corner of Mahona pargana.[3] In 2008–09, it was recorded that 13,082hectares of Lucknow district were under forest cover, representing 5.19% of the total land area.[1] Of note is the Kukrail forest reserve, on the outskirts of the Lucknow metro area.[1]
The main rivers of Lucknow district are the Gomti and the Sai.[3] The Gomti enters the district at the meeting of the borders withHardoi andSitapur districts,[1] and then winds its way through Lucknow district.[3] The riverbed of the Gomti is significantly lower than the surrounding area, limiting its use forirrigation.[3] In many places, the high banks of the Gomti are scarred with ravines, where rainfall has gradually eroded away the earth that used to be there.[3] The main tributary of the Gomti is theBehta, a perennial stream which originates in Hardoi district and joins the Gomti near the village ofKankarabad.[3] The other tributaries include theLoni and thenalas ofJhingi andAkraddi, as well as the Kukrail on the left bank.[3] The Sai enters Lucknow district at the village ofSulsa Mau and flows toward the southeast, forming the border with Unnao district until it turns south at the village ofAgahiya.[1] The Sai's banks are shallower and less eroded than those of the Gomti.[3] The main tributary of the Sai is the Bakh, which originates as a chain of jhils in a depression nearBijnaur.[1]
There are also barrenusar tracts, where there is little plant growth except for some small grasses that grow during the rainy season.[3] They are often formed from soil saturation.[3] They are most common in the southern and western parts of the district.[3]
The climate of Lucknow district is predominantlysubtropical in nature, and it experiences the effects of theSouth Asian monsoon.[1] There are three main seasons: the summer season typically lasts from March to June, with May and June being the hottest months; then comes the rainy season, from July to October.[1] The heaviest rains are during July and August.[1] Then comes winter, which lasts from November until February.[1] January is generally the coldest month.[1] However, the Lucknow area has a fairly moderate climate, and does not experience particularly extreme temperatures.[1]Frost sometimes happens here in cold weather, but it is rare.[3]
| District Magistrate of Lucknow | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of India | |
since 2022 | |
| Residence | DM Residence, near Lalbagh, Lucknow |
| Appointer | Government of Uttar Pradesh |
| Term length | No Time Limit |
| Appointed Officers | Services | Posted Since | Duration | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commissioner of Police | Amrendra Kumar Sengar | Indian Police Services (IPS) | 23 June 2024 | 268 days |
| Divisional Commissioner | Roshan Jacob | Indian Administrative Services (IAS) | 26 June 2022 | 2 years, 265 days |
| District Magistrate | Surya Pal Gangawar | Indian Administrative Services (IAS) | 8 June 2022 | 2 years, 283 days |
| Vice Chairman, Lucknow Development Authority | Dr. Indramani Tripathi | Indian Administrative Services (IAS) | 22 June 2022 | 2 years, 269 days |
| Municipal Commissioner | Indrajeet Singh | Indian Administrative Services (IAS) | 26 June 2022 | 2 years, 265 days |
Lucknow district is divided into 5 tehsils: Lucknow, Malihabad, Mohanlalganj, Bakshi Ka Talab and Sarojini Nagar. These tehsils are then divided into 8 community development blocks (vikas khand), as follows:[1]
Lucknow district contains 807 villages and 498gram panchayats.[1]
| PC. No | Constituency | Political Party | Elected Representative | Election |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | Lucknow | BJP | Rajnath Singh (Union Defence Minister) | 2024 Indian General Election |
| 35 | Mohanlalganj (SC) | SP | R. K. Chaudhary |
| AC NO. | Constituency | Lok Sabha Constituency | Political Party | Elected Representative | Election |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 168 | Malihabad (SC) | Mohanlalganj | BJP | Jai Devi | 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election |
| 169 | Bakshi Ka Talab | Mohanlalganj | BJP | Yogesh Shukla | |
| 170 | Sarojini Nagar | Mohanlalganj | BJP | Rajeshwar Singh | |
| 171 | Lucknow West | Lucknow | SP | Armaan Khan | |
| 172 | Lucknow North | Lucknow | BJP | Neeraj Bora | |
| 173 | Lucknow East | Lucknow | BJP | O. P. Srivastava | 2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Bye Election |
| 174 | Lucknow Central | Lucknow | SP | Ravidas Mehrotra | 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election |
| 175 | Lucknow Cantonment | Lucknow | BJP | Brajesh Pathak (Deputy Chief Minister) | |
| 176 | Mohanlalganj (SC) | Mohanlalganj | BJP | Amresh Kumar |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 793,241 | — |
| 1911 | 764,411 | −0.37% |
| 1921 | 724,344 | −0.54% |
| 1931 | 787,472 | +0.84% |
| 1941 | 949,728 | +1.89% |
| 1951 | 1,128,101 | +1.74% |
| 1961 | 1,338,882 | +1.73% |
| 1971 | 1,617,846 | +1.91% |
| 1981 | 2,014,574 | +2.22% |
| 1991 | 2,762,801 | +3.21% |
| 2001 | 3,647,834 | +2.82% |
| 2011 | 4,589,838 | +2.32% |
| source:[4] | ||
According to the2011 census Lucknow district has apopulation of 4,589,838,[1] roughly equal to the nation ofGeorgia[5] or the US state ofLouisiana.[6] This gives it a ranking of 31st in India (out of a total of640).[7] The district has a population density of 1,815 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,700/sq mi).[7] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.79%.[7] Lucknow has asex ratio of 906females for every 1000 males,[7] and aliteracy rate of 79.33%. 66.21% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 20.66% of the population.[7]
According to the2001 census Lucknow district had apopulation of 3,681,461.
''Muskuraiye Aap Lucknow Main Hai''
| Religions in Lucknow district (2011)[8] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hinduism | 77.08% | |||
| Islam | 21.46% | |||
| Sikhism | 0.52% | |||
| Christianity | 0.45% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.49% | |||
There is harmony between people of different religions in the city of Lucknow.[9] TheLucknow Pact between theIndian National Congress and theMuslim League was agreed upon at the joint session of both parties in 1915. Religious institutions includeSankat Mochan Hanuman Temple,Sri Ramakrishna Math andChandrika Devi Temple.
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 90.71% of the population in the district spokeHindi (or a related language), 7.56%Urdu and 1.56Awadhi as their first language.[10]
Languages spoken here includeAwadhi, a vernacular in theHindicontinuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in theAwadh region.[11] Urdu and Hindi are also the two mainstream languages of the district. Lucknow city is also home to speakers of languages throughout India.
There are three harvests, called by the typical Hindustani names ofrabi,kharif, andzaid.[1][3] Rabi is the springtime harvest, Kharif is the autumn harvest, and Zaid is the hot-weather harvest.[3] The most important of the three harvests is kharif, which historically has always involved larger areas of cultivation than Rabi.[3] Of the kharif crops, the most important was traditionallyrice, grown in two kinds: early rice, harvested in July and not grown very extensively, and late or transplanted rice, harvested in October and November and far more extensively grown, especially in areas with heavier clayey soils.[3] The second most important kharif crop was historicallyjuwar, grown in loamier soils, usually mixed witharhar, and often used asfodder.[3] Bajra (pearl millet) has also traditionally been grown extensively, particularly in areas with sandier soil.[3] Today, the main kharif crops in Lucknow district are rice,maize, juwar, bajra,urad,mung beans, andsoybeans.[1] As for the rabi crops, the most important arewheat andbarley, followed by gram,peas, arhar, andoilseeds.[1] In the early 20th century, peas and barley were not as widely grown.[3] There are only a few zaid crops, of which the most important in Lucknow district has historically been themelon; the melons grown here have been renowned for their taste.[3]
Most famous among Lucknow district's produce is theDasheri mango, which are especially grown in the areas around Kakori and Malihabad.[1] The Dasheri is said to have originated during the 18th century, as a chance seedling in the Nawab's gardens.[12] Since then, the Dasheri has been spread throughout North India through continuousgrafting.[12]
[13]==References==
Georgia 4,585,874 July 2011 est.
Louisiana 4,533,372
Places adjacent to Lucknow district | |
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26°45′N81°00′E / 26.750°N 81.000°E /26.750; 81.000
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| National | |
