Loznica Лозница (Serbian) | |
|---|---|
| City of Loznica | |
 Panorama of Loznica  Vukov Dom Cultural Center  Church of the Most Holy Mother of God  Elementary school "Anta Bogićević"  Battle of Drina monument onGučevo mountain  Corso in Loznica | |
 Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
| Etymology:Vine(sr. loza) | |
 Location of the city of Loznica within Serbia | |
 Interactive map of Loznica | |
| Coordinates:44°32′00″N19°13′33″E / 44.53333°N 19.22583°E /44.53333; 19.22583 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Region | Šumadija and Western Serbia |
| District | Mačva |
| Settlements | 52 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dragana Lukić (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 9.45 km2 (3.65 sq mi) |
| • Administrative | 612 km2 (236 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 121 m (397 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[2] | |
| • Rank | 18th in Serbia |
| • Urban | 19,515 |
| • Urban density | 2,070/km2 (5,350/sq mi) |
| • Administrative | 72,062 |
| • Administrative density | 118/km2 (305/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 15300 |
| Area code | +381(0)15 |
| ISO 3166 code | SRB |
| Official languages | Serbian[3] |
| Website | www |
Loznica (Serbian Cyrillic:Лозница,pronounced[lǒznitsa]) is acity located in theMačva District of western Serbia, on the right bank of theDrina river. In 2022 the city had a total population of 19,515, while the administrative area had a population of 72,062.
Its name stems from the word "loza" (theSerbian word forvine). Originally, its name wasLozica (Serbian forsmall vine), but it later becameLoznica.
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The oldest settlements on the territory of Jadar and Loznica can be traced to theNeolithic period when theStarčevo culture flourished from 4500–3000 BC.Illyrian andCeltic tribes inhabited the region prior to theRoman conquest in 75 BC. Roman conquest of theBalkan peninsula brought huge changes: the territory became part of theRoman province ofDalmatia.
The most important settlement in Jadar wasGenzis, located nearLešnica, while the Roman settlement in present-day Loznica was calledAd Drinum. Legend tells that Loznica was named after the grape vines that were grown in this region, starting from the 3rd century AD in the time of Roman EmperorProbus.[4] The first reference to the town as Loznica dates back to the reign of Serbian KingStefan Milutin, when Catherine, the wife of Milutin's brother Dragutin, founded the nearby monastery of Tronoša (1317). Loznica received little notice for the next two hundred years. By 1533, Loznica had been conquered from theSerbian Despotate by theOttoman Empire and was then populated byMuslims; according to the tax registry, out of 37 houses, 26 houses were Muslim and 11 were Christian.
In 1600, Loznica became an officially Muslim (Bosniak) settlement with 55 houses. In this period Loznica and Jadar were part of the region administered fromZvornik. The Zvornik region itself was ruled by thepasha inBosnia. Striving toward liberation fromOttoman rule, the population of Loznica was actively involved in the common fight of the Serbian people, beginning with theFirst Serbian Uprising of 1804. The uprising was very important since the Ottomans did not easily give up on the border part of their territory from which they could harvest taxes and supply their army as well as break through towards the central part of the rebellious Serbia.
During the whole period of the First Uprising (1804–13), numerous and heavy battles against the Ottomans were fought in Loznica and its vicinity. In 1813 the Serbs managed to drive the Ottomans across the riverDrina, at which time the Ottomans reoccupied Loznica. In November 1833, Loznica and Jadar officially became part of thePrincipality of Serbia, during the rule ofMiloš Obrenović, whenSultan Mahmud II ceded six seized regions to Serbia. This resulted in the abolition of Ottoman ownership over the land and it was declared afree peasant state, which meant that thefeudal system was revoked.
Jadar became part of thePodrinje region, while Loznica became the seat of the region, remaining in this role until the end of the 19th century, when the capital was moved toŠabac. During the 1830s, Loznica had 295 houses with 1203 people and became the centre of the administrative and political power of Podrinje. The education system started to develop and a hospital was set up (1882), construction of industrial buildings started, craftsmen, trade and banking started to develop. Construction of the railway between Šabac, Loznica andBanja Koviljaca started by the beginning of the 20th century. TheFirst Balkan War andFirst World War halted economic development and significantly reduced the number of people in Loznica and vicinity.
Upon completion of the First World War, Loznica remained a regional centre with about 5000 people. There was a short period of reconstruction and economic development, followed by theGreat Depression, which saw a decline in the prices of agricultural products. By the mid-1930s, craft and trade shops had been established, bringing some relief to the economy. Later, theantimony mines were acquired by German industrialists which further strengthened the economy. This growth was, however, brought to an abrupt halt at the beginning ofWorld War II. Loznica became the first city in Europe to be liberated from German occupation whenChetnik unitsentered on 31 August 1941.[5]
In January 2008, according to the Serbian law, Loznica received the status of a city.
The city is located in westernSerbia, in theMačva District, near the border withBosnia and Herzegovina. It lies on the riverŠtira [sr], near its confluence into theDrina river.
Loznica has ahumid subtropical climate with cold winters, often very cold due to the mountain winds of nearby mountains, and warm to hot summers. When hot air fromAdriatic Sea starts going inland, to the north-east it rises over mountain barriers (Zlatar andZlatibor), gaining jet effect and continuing fast to western parts ofSerbia.
| Climate data for Loznica (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.3 (99.1) | 42.3 (108.1) | 41.0 (105.8) | 39.0 (102.2) | 31.7 (89.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 26.4 (79.5) | 42.3 (108.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) | 8.4 (47.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 18.6 (65.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.8 (80.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 12.6 (54.7) | 6.5 (43.7) | 18.0 (64.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 3.2 (37.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 12.4 (54.3) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 12.2 (54.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | −0.8 (30.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.1 (53.8) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.6 (38.5) | −0.6 (30.9) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.4 (−13.7) | −20.6 (−5.1) | −15.5 (4.1) | −5.4 (22.3) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.1 (39.4) | 7.7 (45.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | −4.6 (23.7) | −13.4 (7.9) | −17.6 (0.3) | −25.4 (−13.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 63.0 (2.48) | 54.5 (2.15) | 65.0 (2.56) | 63.4 (2.50) | 90.9 (3.58) | 107.2 (4.22) | 80.4 (3.17) | 69.9 (2.75) | 71.2 (2.80) | 74.1 (2.92) | 68.8 (2.71) | 71.7 (2.82) | 880.1 (34.65) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 14.1 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 146.4 |
| Average snowy days | 7.7 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 27.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 82.9 | 77.1 | 69.7 | 67.8 | 69.3 | 69.7 | 68.1 | 69.0 | 74.5 | 79.2 | 81.6 | 83.5 | 74.4 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 65.0 | 90.8 | 148.3 | 184.8 | 227.4 | 254.3 | 295.9 | 283.0 | 194.7 | 147.7 | 84.8 | 54.4 | 2,031.1 |
| Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 53,436 | — |
| 1953 | 59,796 | +2.27% |
| 1961 | 70,534 | +2.09% |
| 1971 | 78,228 | +1.04% |
| 1981 | 84,180 | +0.74% |
| 1991 | 86,875 | +0.32% |
| 2002 | 86,413 | −0.05% |
| 2011 | 79,327 | −0.95% |
| 2022 | 72,062 | −0.87% |
| Source:[8] | ||
According to the 2011 census, the ethnic groups in the city of Loznica included majoritySerbs (77,685), and smaller numbers ofRomani (761),ethnic Muslims (660),Yugoslavs (74),Montenegrins (58) and others.
Aside from Loznica, the city includes the following settlements:
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Among cultural heritage include the Church of the Holy Virgin located in the town, the 14th-centuryČokešina Monastery, the 13th-centuryTronoša Monastery, and monuments onGučevo mountain, in Tekeriš, and in Draginac, as well as the ethnic village ofTršić.
ASerbian epic poem is theBattle of Loznica in which the central figureAnta Bogićević leads Serbian forces during theFirst Serbian Uprising. The most important local cultural event is "Vukov Sabor" (Council of Vuk) inTršić, dating back from 1933.[9] Held annually in September, in memory ofVuk Stefanović Karadžić who was born in the village, it remains the oldest and largest cultural event in Serbia, for its importance and the increasing volume (20-30,000 visitors).
A museum dedicated to the prominent artistsMića Popović, who was born in Loznica, andVera Božičković-Popović is located in the center of the town.[10]Jadar Museum is dedicated to local history and covers a period from prehistoric times to 1950.[11]
Loznica's local football club is calledFK Loznica, with theLagator Stadium as home ground.
The largest factory of Loznica was "HI Viskoza Loznica", founded in 1957 with over 10,000 employees (1981), at the time when the city had 18,000 inhabitants. Production of trailers was primarily in the factory "FAK Loznica", and textile production in "Moda" Loznica.
Italian manufacturer of stockings and women's underwear "Golden Lady" has a factory in Loznica, exporting to countries of the European Union. For now the factory employs 550 workers.
Also, one of the largest lithium deposits (Jadar mine) in Serbia with total reserves of 125.3 million tonnes is located in Loznica.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):[12]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 112 |
| Mining and quarrying | 89 |
| Manufacturing | 6,510 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 239 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 188 |
| Construction | 1,859 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 2,864 |
| Transportation and storage | 900 |
| Accommodation and food services | 780 |
| Information and communication | 124 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 187 |
| Real estate activities | 41 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 653 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 282 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 869 |
| Education | 1,324 |
| Human health and social work activities | 1,934 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 259 |
| Other service activities | 387 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 756 |
| Total | 20,357 |
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Media related toLoznica at Wikimedia Commons
