Lowndes County, Georgia | |
|---|---|
 Lowndes County Courthouse in Valdosta | |
 Seal  Logo | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofGeorgia | |
| Coordinates:30°50′N83°16′W / 30.83°N 83.27°W /30.83; -83.27 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Georgia |
| Founded | December 23, 1825; 201 years ago (1825) |
| Named after | William Jones Lowndes |
| Seat | Valdosta |
| Largest city | Valdosta |
| Area | |
• Total | 511 sq mi (1,320 km2) |
| • Land | 496 sq mi (1,280 km2) |
| • Water | 15 sq mi (39 km2) 2.8% |
| Population | |
• Estimate (2024) | 122,082 |
| • Density | 220/sq mi (85/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional districts | 1st,8th |
| Website | lowndescounty.com |
Lowndes County (/ˈlaʊndz/) is acounty located in the south-central portion of theU.S. state ofGeorgia. As of the2020 census, the population was 118,251.[1] The county seat isValdosta.[2] The county was created December 23, 1825.
Lowndes County is included in theValdostametropolitan statistical area. It is located along the border withFlorida.
The county is a major commercial, educational, and manufacturing center of south Georgia with considerableforest products including pulpwood andnaval stores, such asturpentine androsin. Part ofGrand Bay, a 13,000-acre (53 km2) wetlands, is located in Lowndes County.
The land that became Lowndes County had historically been inhabited by theTimucua. During most of the age of European colonization, the area of modern Lowndes County was part of the colony ofSpanish Florida. From approximately 1625 to 1657, the Spanish Empire maintained a Catholic mission to the Timucua, dubbed Mission Santa Cruz de Cachipile, in the southern portion of Lowndes County near present-day Lake Park. In the centuries that followed, Timucua civilization collapsed due to slave raiding and disease.
TheCreek Nation peoples moved into the area and, by the early 19th century, they were well established here. On December 15, 1818, European Americans organized what they called Irwin County, which had been settled by pushing out the Creek people. In the 1830s Georgia and the federal government completedIndian Removal of most of the Native Americans from what became the state.
Lowndes County was established by an act passed by the Georgia legislature on December 23, 1825. It was formed out of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 15th, and 16th land districts ofIrwin County, Georgia.[3] The county was named forWilliam Jones Lowndes (1782–1822), a prominent South Carolina lawyer and Congressman. His fatherRawlins Lowndes had been aRevolutionary War leader and was elected as South Carolina Governor.[4] TheCoffee Road was an improved trail first cut by Georgia militia to supply federal troops in Florida during the Creek Wars. It was the first route through the area of Lowndes County and opened up the area to white settlers.
During the first few years after Lowndes County was organized, its courts met at the tavern owned by Sion Hall on the Coffee Road, near what is nowMorven, Georgia in Brooks County, on the west side of the Little River. The first county seat was established at Franklinville (sometimes spelled Franklynville) by the Georgia General Assembly on December 16, 1828.[5] Franklinville was located about 5.6 miles to the east of Hahira in the eastern half of land lot 50 in the 11th land district; it was named after statesman and Founding Father of the United States,Benjamin Franklin.
At the time of the 1830 federal census, Lowndes County had 1,072 white males, 1,044 white females, 156 male slaves, 179 female slaves, and 4free people of color, for a total population of 2,455. The introduction of steam-powered ships on the Withlacoochee and Little rivers led to a shift in the population toward the rivers. In December 1833 the state legislature passed a law establishing a new county seat at a place to be called Lowndesville. The law called for a courthouse, a jail, and a town to be laid out within land lot 109 in the 12th land district. This land lot is near the present Timber Ridge Road in Lowndes County.
It is uncertain why the plans for Lowndesville were abandoned, but in December 1834, the state legislature authorized commissioners to select a suitable site for a courthouse so that the county seat could be moved away from Franklinville. In October 1836, another group of commissioners was advertising for contracting proposals for the construction of a brick courthouse atTroupville. By Summer 1837, Troupville and Franklinville were both serving as courthouse sites. This continued until at least 1838. In December 1837Troupville was incorporated. Rumors of the coming of the Brunswick and Chattahoochee Railroad, the opening up of Florida, and the prosperity of the surrounding farmland led to the growth of Troupville and Lowndes County in general. In 1845, the remaining county-owned land at Franklinville was sold at the courthouse in Troupville.
The closest battle to Troupville between Native Americans and whites was at Brushy Creek on November 10, 1836, in modernBerrien County.Creek Nation people were passing through Lowndes County to join theSeminole in Florida.General Winfield Scott, commander of United States field forces in the area, intended to stop the Creek movement and did. Virtually no Native Americans were left in South Georgia.
In February 1850 Lowndes County lost land to the formation ofClinch County. At that time the eastern border of Lowndes County was defined as theAlapaha River.[6]By the time of the 1850 census, Lowndes County had a free white population of 5,339, a free colored population of 20, and aslave population of 2,355. Lowndes County lost additional territory with the establishment ofBerrien andColquitt counties on February 25, 1856.
Many residents of Lowndes County were unhappy when theAtlantic and Gulf Railroad announced June 17, 1858, that they had selected a planned route that would bypass Troupville. On June 22 at 3:00 AM, the Lowndes County courthouse at Troupville was set aflame by William B. Crawford, who fled to South Carolina after being released on bond.
On August 9, a meeting convened in the academy building in Troupville at which it was decided to create from the area of Lowndes County to the west of the Withlacoochee River a new county to be calledBrooks County.[7] Brooks was established on December 11. On December 13, 1858, the Georgia General Assembly passed a bill establishingEchols County, Georgia.
In December 1859, the Lowndes County board of commissioners were instructed by an act of the Georgia legislature to purchase land for a new county seat; it was to be along the line of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad and as close to the center of the county as possible. As part of the same act the Brooks-Lowndes County border was adjusted so that the east bank of the Little River formed the border.[8]
Land belonging to William Wisenbaker was chosen as the site of the new county seat ofValdosta. The arrival of the railroad led to the downfall of Troupville and the rise of Valdosta as a center for the economy of south Georgia. The shifting county boundary lines led to population loss for Lowndes County. The 1860 census showed the county having 2,850 free whites, no free persons of color, and 2,399 slaves.
No battles during theAmerican Civil War were fought in Lowndes County. Several regular Confederate Army companies were raised from the population. Those included:
State Guard units included:
In addition, twoGeorgia Militia companies were partially raised from the population in early 1864 following the reorganization of the militia.[9] Those included:
Lowndes County also had a home guard unit, but it was only called into action once in the fall of 1863. In that instant some soldiers' wives inThomasville, Georgia were threatening to break into a Confederate Government Commissary to feed their starving children. In April 1864 a group of women rioted atStockton, Georgia after a local store owner refused to takeConfederate money in exchange for yarn. They took all the yarn in his store. At the same time, armed women stole a wagon load of bacon from a government warehouse. A mob of women also went on a rampage for similar reasons inNaylor, Georgia at about the same time.[10]
In February 1864 members of Company I "Woodson Guards", 32nd Regiment Georgia Infantry camped overnight in Valdosta at an area south of the railroad while on their way toBattle of Olustee in northern Florida. It was to be the closest fighting came to Valdosta during the Civil War. Valdosta became a home for many refugees fleeing into south Georgia due toSherman's March to the Sea. Among those refugees was the family ofDoc Holliday. Other refugees came by the railroad from Savannah and theSea Islands.[11]
In the years right after the Civil War, members of Company "G", 103rdUnited States Colored Troops were stationed at Valdosta as part of the military occupation of the South during the Reconstruction era.
Several years after the Civil War, 112 African American men, women, and children moved from Lowndes County to Arthington,Liberia in 1871 and 1872. Some settled there permanently to make their home in a colony established for free American blacks; a small number returned to the United States. Their emigration was supported by theAmerican Colonization Society, which had been working since the antebellum years to relocate free blacks to this new colony in West Africa.[12] African Americans dominated the new colony (and future country) both socially and politically well into the 20th century before indigenous peoples, the majority within the borders of the country, came to power.
Prior to 1872, the southern border of Lowndes County and of Georgia was slightly farther south. The border when Lowndes County was created was along what was called McNeil's Line. A dispute over the border between the states of Florida and Georgia later developed (seeFlorida v. Georgia). In 1857, the governors of the two states appointed surveyors for a joint survey of the border. This led to the creation of the Orr and Whitney Line, which was agreed to by the United States Congress on April 9, 1872.
In 1899 the cotton mill town ofRemerton was established, and by 1920, Lowndes County lost some territory whenLanier County was established.
In 1918, a white planter was murdered in Brooks County. He was known to have mistreated his black workers. Sidney Johnson, one of his workers, was suspected in his death. Mobs of whites hunted in Brooks and Lowndes counties for Johnson, rounding up and killing at least 11 other black men and one black woman and her unborn baby in what historian Meyers called "a lynching rampage." One man was killed in Lowndes County and the others in Brooks.Mary Turner, the married mother of two young children and eight months pregnant, was brutally murdered in Lowndes County, near Folsom Bridge on the Little River. The unborn child was then cut from her womb and its head crushed by a booted foot of one of the participants in the lynching. Her husband had been lynched the day before although neither had anything to do with the white planter's death.[13] None of the lynching participants were prosecuted.
On May 15, 2010, a historical marker memorializing "Mary Turner and the Lynching Rampage" was placed near the lynching site in Lowndes County and dedicated.[14] The plaque includes a description of the associated murders of black people by white mobs in 1918, especially the lynchings of the Turners.[15][16][failed verification]In July 2013, the plaque was found to have five bullet holes shot by an unknown vandal.[17]Since 2013, the plaque now has as many as 27 bullet holes and more recently, was struck multiple times by “some kind of off-road vehicle,” Mark Patrick George, coordinator for the Mary Turner Project, announced in October 2020. The historical marker has been since removed. Project officials said the historical marker will be stored until re-installment plans are made. It is unclear if authorities are investigating the latest vandalism incident.[18]
On September 15, 1941,Moody Air Force Base opened. it was part of the federal government's investment in military facilities in the South. The region received considerable Federal monies during World War II.
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 511 square miles (1,320 km2), of which 496 square miles (1,280 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (2.8%) is water.[19]
The north-central (east ofHahira), west-central (bordered by a north–south line that bisectsValdosta), and southwestern portions (west ofDasher) of Lowndes County are located in theWithlacoochee River sub-basin of theSuwannee River basin. The northwestern corner of the county is located in theLittle River sub-basin of the same Suwannee River basin. The eastern portion of Lowndes County is located in theAlapaha River sub-basin of the larger Suwannee River basin.[20]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 2,453 | — | |
| 1840 | 5,574 | 127.2% | |
| 1850 | 7,714 | 38.4% | |
| 1860 | 5,249 | −32.0% | |
| 1870 | 8,321 | 58.5% | |
| 1880 | 11,049 | 32.8% | |
| 1890 | 15,102 | 36.7% | |
| 1900 | 20,036 | 32.7% | |
| 1910 | 24,436 | 22.0% | |
| 1920 | 26,521 | 8.5% | |
| 1930 | 29,994 | 13.1% | |
| 1940 | 31,860 | 6.2% | |
| 1950 | 35,211 | 10.5% | |
| 1960 | 49,270 | 39.9% | |
| 1970 | 55,112 | 11.9% | |
| 1980 | 67,972 | 23.3% | |
| 1990 | 75,981 | 11.8% | |
| 2000 | 92,115 | 21.2% | |
| 2010 | 109,233 | 18.6% | |
| 2020 | 118,251 | 8.3% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 122,082 | [21] | 3.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[22] 1790-1880[23] 1890-1910[24] 1920-1930[25] 1930-1940[26] 1940-1950[27] 1960-1980[28] 1980-2000[29] 2010[30] | |||
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 59,306 | 50.15% |
| Black or African American | 43,946 | 37.16% |
| Native American | 312 | 0.26% |
| Asian | 1,908 | 1.61% |
| Pacific Islander | 100 | 0.08% |
| Other/Mixed | 4,807 | 4.07% |
| Hispanic orLatino | 7,872 | 6.66% |
As of the2020 census, there were 118,251 people, 44,207 households, and 26,536 families residing in the county.[32][33] The median age was 32.8 years, with 24.7% of residents under the age of 18 and 13.4% aged 65 or older.[32]
For every 100 females there were 92.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.4 males age 18 and over.[33] 64.9% of residents lived in urban areas, while 35.1% lived in rural areas.[32]
The racial makeup of the county as of the2020 census was 51.7% White, 37.6%Black or African American, 0.4%American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.7%Asian, 0.1%Native Hawaiian andPacific Islander, 2.7% from some other race, and 5.8% fromtwo or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 6.7% of the population.[34]
There were 44,207 households in the county, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 32.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[33]
There were 48,717 housing units, of which 9.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 53.2% were owner-occupied and 46.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%.[33]
The county's former courthouse was builtcirca 1905 and is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places; it was the county's seventh courthouse. The first courthouse was built in 1828 at Franklinville, the original county seat. In 1834 another courthouse was built at the new county seat of Troupville. It was replaced by a new courthouse in 1842. The 1842 structure was destroyed by a fire set by William B. Crawford in June 1858.
The first courthouse at Valdosta was built in 1860 and was a wooden structure that was sold for the funding of a new courthouse by 1869. The wooden building used for thecourts of ordinary burned down in 1869. Lowndes County was without an official courthouse for a number of years. A two-story brick building was completed in 1874. In 1900, county commissioners decided that a larger structure was needed. In March 1904 the old courthouse was demolished and in 1905, the seventh courthouse was completed. This is the structure that is locally referred to in the 21st century as 'the old courthouse.' In August and September 2010, the county government moved to a new judicial complex.[35]
The 1905 Lowndes County Courthouse is widely acknowledged as one of the most beautiful county courthouses in Georgia. It is used for meetings, public display, and other community attractions. Today it is used for many events, meetings, and political purposes.[36][37]
Residents not in the Valdosta city limits are in theLowndes County School District, while those in the Valdosta city limits are in theValdosta City School District.[38]Lowndes High School andValdosta High School are the district's respective comprehensive high schools.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1880 | 660 | 46.94% | 746 | 53.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1884 | 598 | 47.99% | 648 | 52.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1888 | 643 | 45.06% | 767 | 53.75% | 17 | 1.19% |
| 1892 | 509 | 29.05% | 988 | 56.39% | 255 | 14.55% |
| 1896 | 536 | 45.62% | 586 | 49.87% | 53 | 4.51% |
| 1900 | 277 | 37.48% | 444 | 60.08% | 18 | 2.44% |
| 1904 | 289 | 23.73% | 888 | 72.91% | 41 | 3.37% |
| 1908 | 154 | 16.61% | 681 | 73.46% | 92 | 9.92% |
| 1912 | 35 | 3.86% | 847 | 93.49% | 24 | 2.65% |
| 1916 | 88 | 4.36% | 1,870 | 92.67% | 60 | 2.97% |
| 1920 | 220 | 14.40% | 1,308 | 85.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 57 | 4.71% | 1,095 | 90.42% | 59 | 4.87% |
| 1928 | 596 | 29.67% | 1,413 | 70.33% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 97 | 4.99% | 1,840 | 94.65% | 7 | 0.36% |
| 1936 | 130 | 3.98% | 3,099 | 94.89% | 37 | 1.13% |
| 1940 | 260 | 9.21% | 2,551 | 90.40% | 11 | 0.39% |
| 1944 | 401 | 16.09% | 2,092 | 83.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 634 | 16.02% | 1,867 | 47.17% | 1,457 | 36.81% |
| 1952 | 2,079 | 39.05% | 3,245 | 60.95% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 2,135 | 35.17% | 3,936 | 64.83% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 2,908 | 44.65% | 3,605 | 55.35% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 6,811 | 60.95% | 4,363 | 39.04% | 1 | 0.01% |
| 1968 | 3,073 | 27.55% | 2,402 | 21.53% | 5,679 | 50.91% |
| 1972 | 7,812 | 79.50% | 2,015 | 20.50% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1976 | 4,512 | 33.82% | 8,830 | 66.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 6,622 | 51.29% | 5,989 | 46.38% | 301 | 2.33% |
| 1984 | 10,437 | 62.86% | 6,167 | 37.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1988 | 10,855 | 62.63% | 6,427 | 37.08% | 51 | 0.29% |
| 1992 | 10,276 | 46.30% | 9,019 | 40.64% | 2,897 | 13.05% |
| 1996 | 10,578 | 48.92% | 9,470 | 43.79% | 1,576 | 7.29% |
| 2000 | 14,462 | 56.87% | 10,616 | 41.74% | 354 | 1.39% |
| 2004 | 18,981 | 59.91% | 12,516 | 39.50% | 187 | 0.59% |
| 2008 | 21,269 | 54.19% | 17,597 | 44.83% | 384 | 0.98% |
| 2012 | 21,327 | 54.38% | 17,470 | 44.54% | 424 | 1.08% |
| 2016 | 21,635 | 56.84% | 15,064 | 39.58% | 1,364 | 3.58% |
| 2020 | 25,692 | 55.40% | 20,116 | 43.38% | 567 | 1.22% |
| 2024 | 28,081 | 58.47% | 19,487 | 40.57% | 462 | 0.96% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 25,620 | 55.97% | 19,124 | 41.78% | 1,028 | 2.25% |
| 2020 | 22,464 | 56.40% | 17,369 | 43.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 12,607 | 27.93% | 7,931 | 17.57% | 24,607 | 54.51% |
| 2020 | 22,455 | 56.37% | 17,382 | 43.63% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2022 | 20,213 | 58.40% | 13,849 | 40.01% | 550 | 1.59% |
| 2022 | 18,448 | 58.43% | 13,126 | 41.57% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2022 | 21,256 | 61.15% | 13,275 | 38.19% | 229 | 0.66% |
As of the 2020s, Lowndes County is a Republican stronghold, voting 58% forDonald Trump in2024. Up until 1960, Lowndes County voted with the Democrats, as with most of theSolid South. It flipped in 1964 when it voted for RepublicanBarry Goldwater and has remained reliably Republican since then. The last Democrat to carry the county wasJimmy Carter in 1976.
For elections to theUnited States House of Representatives, Lowndes County is part ofGeorgia's 8th congressional district, currently represented byAustin Scott. For elections to theGeorgia State Senate, Lowndes County is part of District8.[41] For elections to theGeorgia House of Representatives, Lowndes County is covered by districts174,175,176 and177.[42]
All of the railroads serving Lowndes County today are freight-only; the closestAmtrak passenger stops are atFolkston andJesup, both about 100 miles away.
Places adjacent to Lowndes County, Georgia | |
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Municipalities and communities ofLowndes County, Georgia,United States | ||
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| Town | ||
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| Other unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
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