History of Myanmar
Prehistory of Myanmar 11,000–200 BCE Pyu city-states 200 BCE – 1050 CE (Sri Ksetra Kingdom,Tagaung Kingdom) Mon kingdoms 825?–1057? CE (Thaton Kingdom) Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Kingdom 849–1297 Early Pagan Kingdom 849–1044 Warring states period Upper Myanmar 1297–1555 Myinsaing andPinya Kingdoms 1297–1365 Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1365 Kingdom of Ava 1365–1555 Prome Kingdom 1482–1542 Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552 Shan States 1215–1563 Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429–1785 Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752 First Toungoo Empire 1510–1599 Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752 Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–1757 Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948 Anglo-Burmese Wars 1824–1885 Resistance movement 1885–1895 Nationalist movement 1900–1948 Japanese occupation 1942–1945
Modern era 1948–present AFPFL government 1948–1962 Ne Win dictatorship 1962–1988 SLORC / SPDC junta 1988–2010 Political reforms 2011–2015 SAC junta 2021–present
Timeline List of capitals Leaders Royal chronicles Military history Military rule
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Lower Myanmar (Burmese:အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also calledLower Burma) is a geographic region ofMyanmar and includes the low-lyingIrrawaddy Delta (Ayeyarwady,Bago andYangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine andMon States andTanintharyi Region).

In theBurmese language, people originating fromUpper Myanmar are typically calleda-nya-tha for men anda-nya-thu for women, whereas those from Lower Myanmar are calledauk tha (အောက်သား) for men andauk thu for women.^[1]

Green represents Upper Myanmar and Yellow represents Lower Myanmar

The territories of present day Lower Myanmar was part ofPagan Kingdom until the end of 13th century. After the collapse of Pagan Kingdom, the territories become MartabanHanthawaddy Kingdom founded by KingWareru. From the 16th century to the middle of 18th century, Pagu was a province ofToungoo Dynasty. In 1752,Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom successfully overthrown Toungoo Dynasty but later conquered byKonbaung Dynasty led by KingAlaungpaya. So, Pegu became a province of Konbaung Dynasty with the name of Lower Province (အောက်ပြည်). After the loss ofSecond Anglo-Burmese War,East India Company annexed Lower Province,Prome andToungoo. Lower Province was divided intoIrrawaddy Division,Pegu Division,Toungoo District and Salween District of Tenasareim Division.^{[citation needed]}

Historically, Lower Myanmar referred to the part ofMyanmar annexed by theBritish Empire after the end of theSecond Anglo-Burmese War in 1852,^[2] Arakan Province and Tavoy(Tenasserim) Province which the British had taken control of in 1826 through theTreaty of Yandabo.^[3] Lower Myanmar was centred atRangoon, and composed of all of the coast of modernMyanmar, and also the lower basin of theIrrawaddy River, includingProme. Until the early 19th century, Lower Myanmar was predominantly populated by theMon andKaren tribes and was a historical stronghold of the Mon people.

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