Lynn was born Loretta Webb on April 14, 1932, inButcher Hollow, Kentucky. She was the oldest daughter and second child born to Clara Marie "Clary" (née Ramey; May 5, 1912 – November 24, 1981) and Melvin Theodore "Ted" Webb (June 6, 1906 – February 22, 1959). Ted was a coal miner andsubsistence farmer. Lynn had one older sibling, Melvin "Junior" Webb (1929–1993), and six younger siblings: Herman Webb (1934–2018),Willie "Jay" Lee Webb (February 12, 1937 – July 31, 1996), Donald Ray Webb (1941–2017),Peggy Sue Wright (née Webb; born March 25, 1943), Betty Ruth Hopkins (née Webb; born 1946), andCrystal Gayle (born Brenda Gail Webb; January 9, 1951). The family claimsCherokee heritage on Lynn's mother's side, but have not been officially recognized by that tribe. Lynn was named after the film starLoretta Young.
Childhood home of Loretta Lynn in Kentucky
Loretta's father Ted died at the age of 52 from a stroke four years after relocating with her mother and younger siblings toWabash, Indiana. He had also been battlingblack lung disease at the time of his death.
Lynn began singing in local clubs in the late 1950s. She later formed her own band, the Trailblazers which included her brother Jay Lee Webb. Lynn won a wristwatch in a televised talent contest inTacoma, Washington, hosted byBuck Owens. Lynn's performance was seen by CanadianNorm Burley ofZero Records, who co-founded the record company after hearing Loretta sing.[15]
Zero Records president, CanadianDon Grashey, arranged a recording session inHollywood, where four of Lynn's compositions were recorded, including "I'm A Honky Tonk Girl," "Whispering Sea," "Heartache Meet Mister Blues," and "New Rainbow." Her first release featured "Whispering Sea" and "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl". Lynn signed her first contract on February 2, 1960, with Zero. Her album was recorded atUnited Western Recorders in Hollywood, engineered by Don Blake and produced by Grashey.[16][17] Musicians who played on the songs were steel guitar playerSpeedy West,[18] fiddler Harold Hensley, guitarist Roy Lanham, Al Williams on bass, and Muddy Berry on drums.[19][user-generated source?] Lynn commented on the different sound of her first record: "Well, there is a West Coast sound that is definitely not the same as the Nashville sound [...] It was a shuffle with a West Coast beat".[18]
The Lynns toured the country to promote the release to country stations,[15] while Grashey and Del Roy took the music toKFOX inLong Beach, California.[17] When the Lynns reachedNashville, the song was a hit, climbing to No. 14 on Billboard's Country and Western chart, and Lynn began cutting demo records for theWilburn Brothers Publishing Company. Through the Wilburns, she secured a contract withDecca Records.[15] The first Loretta Lynn Fan Club formed in November 1960. By the end of the year,Billboard magazine listed Lynn as the No. 4 Most Promising Country Female Artist.[20]
Lynn's relationship with the Wilburn Brothers and her appearances on the Grand Ole Opry, beginning in 1960,[21] helped Lynn become the No. 1 female recording artist in country music. Her contract with the Wilburn Brothers gave them the publishing rights to her material. She unsuccessfully fought the Wilburn Brothers for 30 years to regain the publishing rights to her songs after ending her business relationship with them. Lynn stopped writing music in the 1970s because of the contracts. Lynn joined theGrand Ole Opry on September 25, 1962.[5]
Lynn creditedPatsy Cline as her mentor and best friend during her early years in music. In 2010, when interviewed forJimmy McDonough's biography ofTammy Wynette,Tammy Wynette: Tragic Country Queen, Lynn said of having best friends in Patsy and Tammy during different times: "Best friends are like husbands. You only need one at a time."[22]
Lynn's first self-penned song to crack the Top 10, 1966's "Dear Uncle Sam", was among the first recordings to recount the human costs of the Vietnam War.[5] Her 1966 hit "You Ain't Woman Enough (To Take My Man)" made Lynn the first country female recording artist to write a No.1 hit.[24]
In 1973, "Rated "X"" peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Country Chart and was considered one of Lynn's most controversial hits. The following year, her next single, "Love Is the Foundation", also became a No. 1 country hit from heralbum of the same name. The second and last single from that album, "Hey Loretta", became a Top 5 hit. Lynn continued to reach the Top 10 until the end of the decade, including 1975's "The Pill", one of the first songs to discussbirth control. Many of Lynn's songs were autobiographical, and as a songwriter, Lynn felt no topic was off limits, as long as it was relatable to women.[28] In 1976, she released her autobiography,Coal Miner's Daughter, with the help of writerGeorge Vecsey. It became a bestseller, with more than 8 weeks onThe New York Times Best Seller list.[29]
As a solo artist, Lynn continued her success in 1971, achieving her fifth No. 1 solo hit, "One's on the Way", written by poet and songwriterShel Silverstein. She also charted with "I Wanna Be Free", "You're Lookin' at Country", and 1972's "Here I Am Again", all released on separate albums. The next year, she became the first country star on the cover ofNewsweek.[31] In 1972, Lynn was the first woman to be nominated and win Entertainer of the Year at the CMA awards. She won the Female Vocalist of the Year and Duo of the Year with Conway Twitty, beating outGeorge Jones and Tammy Wynette andPorter Wagoner andDolly Parton.[32]
Tribute album for Patsy Cline, other projects, and honors
In 1977, Lynn recordedI Remember Patsy, an album dedicated to her friend, singerPatsy Cline, who died in a plane crash in 1963. The album covered some of Cline's biggest hits. The two singles Lynn released from the album, "She's Got You" and "Why Can't He Be You", became hits. "She's Got You", which went to No. 1 by Cline in 1962 and went to No. 1 again by Lynn. "Why Can't He Be You" peaked at No. 7. Lynn had her last No. 1 hit in 1978 with "Out of My Head and Back in My Bed".[23]
Devoted to her fans, Lynn told the editor ofSalisbury, Maryland's newspaper the reason she signed hundreds of autographs: "These people are my fans... I'll stay here until the very last one wants my autograph. Without these people, I am nobody. I love these people." In 1979, she became the spokesperson forProcter & Gamble'sCrisco Oil. Because of her dominant hold on the 1970s, Lynn was named the "Artist of the Decade" by the Academy of Country Music. She is the only woman to have won this honor.[34]
Lynn focused on women's issues with themes about philandering husbands and persistent mistresses. Her music was inspired by issues she faced in her marriage. She increased the boundaries in the conservative genre of country music by singing about birth control ("The Pill"), repeated childbirth ("One's on the Way"), double standards for men and women ("Rated 'X'"), and being widowed by the draft during theVietnam War ("Dear Uncle Sam").[37]
Country music radio stations often refused to play her music and in a 1987 interview she said eight of her songs had been banned.[38]
One of her last solo releases was "Heart Don't Do This to Me" (1985), which reached No. 19, her last Top 20 hit. Her 1985 albumJust a Woman spawned a Top 40 hit. In 1987, Lynn lent her voice to a song onk.d. lang's albumShadowland with country starsKitty Wells andBrenda Lee, "Honky Tonk Angels Medley". The album was certified gold and was Grammy nominated for the four women. Lynn's 1988 albumWho Was That Stranger would be her last solo album for MCA, which she parted ways with in 1989.[44] She was inducted into theCountry Music Hall of Fame in 1988.[45]
1990–2004: Return to country and second autobiography
Lynn returned to the public eye in 1993 with a hit album, the trio albumHonky Tonk Angels, recorded withDolly Parton andTammy Wynette.[46] The album peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Country charts and No. 42 on the Billboard Pop charts and charted a single with "Silver Threads and Golden Needles". The album sold more than 800,000 copies and was certified gold in the United States and Canada. The trio was nominated for Grammy and Country Music Association awards. Lynn released a three-CD boxed set chronicling her career on MCA Records. In 1995, she taped a seven-week series on the Nashville Network (TNN),Loretta Lynn & Friends.[47]
In 1995, Loretta was presented with the Pioneer Award at the 30th Academy of Country Music Awards.[48] In 1996, Lynn's husband, Oliver Vanetta "Doolittle" Lynn, died five days short of his 70th birthday. In 2000, Lynn released her first album in several years,Still Country, in which she included "I Can't Hear the Music", a tribute song to her late husband. She released her first new single in more than 10 years from the album, "Country in My Genes". The single charted on the Billboard Country singles chart and made Lynn the first woman in country music to chart singles in five decades. In 2002, Lynn published her second autobiography,Still Woman Enough, and it became her secondNew York Times Best Seller, peaking in the top 10. In 2004, she published a cookbook,You're Cookin' It Country.[49]
In 2004, Lynn releasedVan Lear Rose, the second album on which Lynn either wrote or co-wrote every song. Produced byJack White ofThe White Stripes, the album featured guitar and backup vocals by White. The collaboration garnered Lynn high praise from the mainstream andalternative rock music press, such asSpin andBlender.[50]Rolling Stone voted it the second best album of 2004, and it won the Grammy Award for Best Country Album of the Year.[51]
In November 2015, Lynn announced the completion of a new album,Full Circle. Released in March 2016, the album debuted at No. 19 on theBillboard Hot 200[56] and went on to become Lynn's 40th album to make the Top 10 onBillboard's best selling country chart. It featured a combination of new songs and classics, and duets withElvis Costello andWillie Nelson.[57]
FollowingFull Circle, the albumWouldn't It Be Great was released byLegacy Recordings in September 2018 after being delayed by health issues, which had caused Lynn to cancel all of her scheduled tour dates in 2017.[60][61] Lynn was named Artist of a Lifetime byCMT in 2018.[62] On October 19, 2019,Lifetime aired the moviePatsy & Loretta which highlighted the friendship of Lynn and Patsy Cline.[63]
On January 10, 1948, 15-year-old Loretta Webb married 21-year-old Oliver Vanetta Lynn Jr. (August 27, 1926 – August 22, 1996), better known as "Doolittle", "Doo", or "Mooney".[65][66] They had met only a month earlier. The Lynns left Kentucky and moved to the northwest Washington state logging community ofCuster when Lynn was seven months pregnant with the first of their six children.[6] The happiness and heartache of her early years of marriage would help to inspire Lynn's songwriting.[16] They were married for almost 50 years until his death in 1996 at age 69. In her 2002 autobiography,Still Woman Enough, and in an interview withCBS News the same year, she recounted how her husband cheated on her regularly and once left her while she was giving birth.[28] Lynn stated she and her husband fought frequently, but that "he never hit me one time that I didn't hit him back twice." Loretta said that her marriage was "one of the hardest love stories".[67][page needed] In one of her autobiographies, she recalled:
I married Doo when I wasn't but a child, and he was my life from that day on. But as important as my youth and upbringing was, there's something else that made me stick to Doo. He thought I was something special, more special than anyone else in the world, and never let me forget it. That belief would be hard to shove out the door. Doo was my security, my safety net. And just remember, I'm explainin', not excusin'... Doo was a good man and a hard worker. But he was an alcoholic, and it affected our marriage all the way through.[68]
Loretta and her husband had six children together. Their eldest daughter, Betty Sue, was born on November 26, 1948, and died of complications associated withemphysema on July 29, 2013.[69][70] Second child and eldest son Jack Benny Lynn, born December 7, 1949, was found dead by drowning on July 24, 1984, after going missing while horse riding on his mother's Hurricane Mills ranch.[71][72] Their third and fourth children are Ernest Ray Lynn, born May 27, 1951, and Clara Marie "Cissie" Lynn, born less than a year later on April 7, 1952.[73] Their youngest children, twin daughtersPeggy Jean andPatsy Eileen, were born on August 6, 1964; they are named after Lynn's sister,Peggy Sue Wright, and her friend,Patsy Cline.[73] Patsy's daughter and Loretta's granddaughter,Emmy Russell, auditioned forseason 22 ofAmerican Idol, making the cut and earning the golden ticket to Hollywood.[74] She tied for fourth place alongside Triston Harper, one week before the Finale.
Lynn owned a ranch inHurricane Mills, Tennessee, known as Loretta Lynn's Ranch. Billed as "the seventh largest attraction in Tennessee",[75] it features a recording studio, museums, lodging, restaurants, and western stores. Traditionally, three holiday concerts are hosted annually at the ranch, Memorial Day Weekend, Fourth of July Weekend, and Labor Day Weekend.[76][77]
The centerpiece of the ranch is its large plantation home which Lynn once resided in with her husband and children. Having built a modern home behind it, Lynn had not lived in theantebellum mansion in more than 30 years prior to her death. Lynn regularly greeted fans who were touring the house. A replica of the cabin in which Lynn grew up in Butcher Hollow is one of its main features.[76]
At the height of her popularity, some of Lynn's songs were banned from radio airplay, including "Rated "X"", about the double standards divorced women face; "Wings Upon Your Horns", about the loss of teenage virginity; and "The Pill", about a wife and mother becoming liberated by thebirth-control pill. Her song "Dear Uncle Sam", released in 1966, during theVietnam War, describes a wife's anguish at the loss of a husband to war. It was included in her live performances during theIraq War.[15]
In 2016, Lynn expressed support forDonald Trump'spresidential campaign, stumping for him at the end of each of her shows. She stated, "I just think he's the only one who's going to turn this country around."[84]
Although Lynn was outspoken about her views on controversial social and political subjects, she saw herself as apolitical, writing in her 1976 autobiography that, "I don't like to talk too much about things where you're going to get one side or the other unhappy....My music has no politics."[85]: 153
While a recognized "advocate for ordinary women", Lynn often criticized upper-class feminism for ignoring the needs and concerns of working-class women.[5] She rejected being labeled afeminist,[86] and wrote in her memoir, "I'm not a big fan of women's liberation, but maybe it will help women stand up for the respect they're due."[85]: 56
When asked about her position onsame-sex marriage byUSA Today in November 2010, she replied, "I'm still an old Bible girl. God said you need to be a woman and man, but everybody to their own."[87][88][89]
Lynn allowedPETA to use her song "I Wanna Be Free" in a public service campaign to discourage the chaining of dogs outdoors in the cold.[90][91]
Over the years, Lynn suffered from various health concerns, includingpneumonia on multiple occasions and a broken arm after a fall at home.[92][93]
In May 2017, Lynn had a stroke at her home in Hurricane Mills. She was taken to a Nashville hospital and as a result had to cancel all of her upcoming tour dates. The release of her albumWouldn't It Be Great was delayed until 2018. On January 1, 2018, Lynn fell and broke her hip.[94][95]
Lynn died in her sleep at her home in Hurricane Mills on October 4, 2022, at the age of 90. No cause of death was immediately given.[96][11][97] She was buried three days later on her Hurricane Mills ranch beside her husband Doolittle.[98]
In 1972, Lynn was the first woman named "Entertainer of the Year" by theCountry Music Association. In 1980, she was the only woman to be named "Artist of the Decade" for the 1970s by the Academy of Country Music. Lynn was inducted into theCountry Music Hall of Fame in 1988[21] and the Country Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1999.[102] She was also the recipient ofKennedy Center Honors, an award given by the President of the United States, in 2003. Lynn is ranked 65th onVH1's 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll[103] and was the first female country artist to receive a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame in 1977.[104] In 1994, she received the country music pioneer award from the Academy of Country Music.[105]
In 2001, "Coal Miner's Daughter" was named amongNPR's "100 Most Significant Songs of the 20th Century". In 2002, Lynn had the highest ranking, No. 3, for any living female, inCMT television's special of the40 Greatest Women of Country Music.[106]
ABMI affiliate for more than 45 years, Lynn was honored as a BMI Icon at the BMI Country Awards on November 4, 2004.[107]
In March 2007, Lynn was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music fromBerklee College of Music during her performance at the Grand Ole Opry.[108]
Loretta Lynn was honored with multiple awards in 2010 as the music industry celebrated her 50th year as a country artist. She received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award on January 30, 2010.[109][110][111]
Miranda Lambert presented Lynn with the Crystal Milestone Award from the Academy of Country Music.[119] Lynn also received the 2015 Billboard Legacy Award for Women in Music.[120]
In 2016, she was the subject of anAmerican Masters profile documentaryLoretta Lynn: Still a Mountain Girl onPBS.[121]
Lynn was named Artist of a Lifetime in 2018 by CMT.[62]
TheRyman Auditorium honored Lynn with a statue installation on its Icon Walk in a ceremony held October 20, 2020.[122] Lynn was the first woman represented on the Icon Walk, joining previously honoredBill Monroe andLittle Jimmy Dickens.[123]
Recognizing Lynn as a songwriter, theWomen Songwriters Hall of Fame inducted her in 2022, stating "she shook up Nashville by writing her own songs, many of which tackled boundary-pushing topics drawn from her own life experiences as a wife and mother".[124]Rolling Stone ranked Lynn at number 132 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time in an issue published the next year.[125]
^"Loretta Lynn". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. November 23, 2020.Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. RetrievedOctober 26, 2020.
^"Loretta Lynn".Encyclopedia Britannica.Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. RetrievedNovember 12, 2020.Although she claimed 1935 as her birth year, various official documents indicate that she was born in 1932
^abcde"WELCOME 2017".LorettaLynn.com.Archived from the original on March 21, 2006. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2019.
^Wolff, Kurt (2000).In Country Music: The Rough Guide. Orla Duane (ed.), London: Rough Guides Ltd. p. 311.
^Whitburn, Joel (2004).The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944–2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 209.
^Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Country Music In America. Paul Kingsbury & Alanna Nash (eds.) London: Rough Guides Ltd., 2006, p. 251
^ab"Legends: Loretta Lynn Tells All". CBS News. December 27, 2002.Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 4, 2007.Her autobiography recounts how once, in a drunken rage, he smashed many jars full of vegetables she had painstakingly canned.