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Lord President of the Court of Session

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(Redirected fromLord Justice General)

Most senior judge in Scotland

"Lord Justice General" redirects here. For the Lord Justice General of Ireland, seeLords Justices of Ireland.

Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General of Scotland
Scottish Gaelic:Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein
Logo of the Lord President of the Court of Session
Incumbent Lord Pentland since 3 February 2025
Style	The Right Honourable
Appointer	Monarch on the advice of theFirst Minister
Term length	Life tenure with compulsory retirement at 75
Inaugural holder	Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth
Formation	1532
Deputy	Lord Justice Clerk
Salary	£222,862 (Salary Group 1.1)
Website	Roles and Jurisdiction \| Judicial Office for Scotland

TheLord President of the Court of Session andLord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic:Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most seniorjudge inScotland, the head of thejudiciary, and the presiding judge of theCollege of Justice, theCourt of Session, and theHigh Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of theHigh Court of Justiciaryex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836. The Lord President has authority over any court established underScots law, except for theSupreme Court of the United Kingdom and theCourt of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session isLord Pentland, who was appointed to the position on 3 February 2025 succeedingLord Carloway They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.

Remit and jurisdiction

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Head of the judiciary

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As Lord President of the Court of Session and is the most seniorjudge inScotland, the head of thejudiciary, and the presiding judge of theCollege of Justice, and theCourt of Session.^[1]^{: Section 2(1)} Under Section 2(6) of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008, the Lord President has authority over the judiciary of any court established underScots law, except for theSupreme Court of the United Kingdom and theCourt of the Lord Lyon.

References in this section to the Scottish judiciary are references to the judiciary of any court established under the law of Scotland (other than the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom).

— Section 2(5), Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008^[1]^{: Section 2(5)}

TheScottish Land Court, which until 1 April 2017 was administered separately, was transferred to theScottish Courts and Tribunals Service.^[2] The 2008 act states:

The Lord President is the Head of the Scottish Judiciary.

— Section 2(1), Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008^[1]^{: Section 2(1)}

The Lord President is supported by theJudicial Office for Scotland which was established on 1 April 2010 as a result of theJudiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008, and the Lord President chairs the corporate board of theScottish Courts and Tribunals Service.^[1]^{: Schedule 3} The Lord President, and the wider judiciary, is advised on matters relating to the administration of justice by the Judicial Council for Scotland, which is a non-statutory body established in 2007. There had been plans for a statutory judges' council but these plans were abandoned in favour of a non-statutory council convened by the Lord President.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Inner House

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The Lord President presides over the 1st Division of theInner House of the Court of Session.^[6] TheInner House is the part of the Court of Session which acts as acourt of appeal for cases decided theOuter House andSheriff Appeal Court, and hearing appeals onquestions of law from theSheriff Appeal Court,Scottish Land Court,Court of the Lord Lyon, and theLands Tribunal for Scotland.^[7]^[8]

Official Oath

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In Scotland theOfficial Oath is taken before the Lord President of the Court of Session.^[9]

Lord Justice General

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The Lord President is also the Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of theHigh Court of Justiciaryex officio, with the two offices having been combined in 1836.The office of Lord Justice General is derived from thejusticiars who were appointed from at least the twelfth century. From around 1567 onwards it was held heritably by theEarl of Argyll until the heritability was resigned tothe Crown in 1607.^[10]

Officeholders

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Scots law
Part of a series on

Administration Justice and Communities Directorate of theScottish Government Cabinet Secretary for Justice Judicial Appointments Board Judicial Complaints Reviewer Parole Board for Scotland Legal Aid Board Courts & Tribunals Service College of Justice Office of the Public Guardian Scottish Sentencing Council Law Commission Criminal Cases Review Commission Prison Service
Civil courts Court of Session Lord President Lord Justice Clerk Lord of Session Office of the Accountant of Court Acts of Sederunt Sheriff Court Sheriff Appeal Court Sheriff Principal Sheriff Personal Injury Court Sheriff
Criminal courts High Court of Justiciary Lord Justice-General Lord Justice Clerk Lords Commissioner of Justiciary Acts of Adjournal Sheriff courts Sheriff Appeal Court Sheriff Principal Sheriffs Justice of the peace courts Justices of the peace
Special courts Court of the Lord Lyon Lord Lyon King of Arms Children's Reporter Administration Children's Hearings Land Court Lands Tribunal Scottish Solicitors' Discipline Tribunal
Criminal prosecution Lord Advocate Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service Advocate Depute Procurator fiscal Fiscal fine Precognition
Legal profession Judiciary Faculty of Advocates Advocate Law Society Solicitor-Advocate Solicitor Association of Commercial Attorneys Scottish Legal Complaints Commission
v t e

Justiciars

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(called Lord Chief Justices byScot of Scotstarvet).

Argadus, Captain ofArgyll, in the reign ofEthodius
Comes Dunetus; in the reign of KingWilliam the Lion. (Donnchad II, Earl of Fife)
William Comyn
Richard Comyn
David, Earl of Huntingdon (died 1219)
Walter Clifford, Justiciary of the Lothians
1216:Allan, Justiciary to KingAlexander II
1224:William Cumin, Earl of Buchan
Walter (died 1241), son of Allan High Steward of Scotland
1239:William, Earl of Ross, "Lord Chief Justice of Scotland"
Alexander (d.1283),High Steward of Scotland to King Alexander II
1253:Alexander Cumin, Earl of Buchan
1366: Robert de Erskine, Justiciary South of the Forth for KingDavid II
bef 1372: Alan de Lawedre of The Bass, Whitslaid, & Haltoun, Justiciary South of the Forth, (he received a pension for holding this post in 1374).
1437:James Douglas, Earl of Avondale and Lord Balveny^[11]
1446: Patrick de Ogilvy, Justiciary South of the Forth
1457: John, Lord Lindsay of the Byres, Justiciary South of the Forth
William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney & Caithness (d.1480), Justiciary North of the Forth for KingJames II
1477: John Haldane of Gleneagles, Justiciary North of the Forth
Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord Hailes (died after 1482), and Robert, 2nd Lord Lyle, Justiciaries South of the Forth
Andrew, Earl of Crawfurd, andGeorge Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly, Justiciaries North of the Forth
1488:Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle (diedc. 1497), "Lord Chief Justice"
1489:John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis (died 1 April 1497), andJohn Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond: "Justice-General"
1492:Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle, andJohn Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis
1494:John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond (died c1519)
1504: Andrew Gray, 2ndLord Gray, andJohn Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy
1514:Colin Campbell, 3rd Earl of Argyll
1526:Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie
1532: Alexander Mylne,Abbot of Cambuskenneth
1537:Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll
1567: SirColin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, (d.1584) (heritably)
1578: SirColin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, (re-appointment?)
1589:Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll, (who exchanged the heritable office of Lord Chief Justice in 1607, for the heritable Lieutenancy of Argyll and Lorn, and most of The Isles).

Lord Justice-General

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	From	Until
William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth, 7th Earl of Menteith	11 July 1628	8 November 1633
SirWilliam Elphinstone	23 December 1635	13 November 1641
SirThomas Hope, younger of Kerse	18 November 1641	23 August 1643
William Cunningham, 8th Earl of Glencairn	13 November 1646	15 February 1649
John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis	15 March 1649	9 August 1651
John Murray, 2nd Earl of Atholl	16 August 1661	21 May 1675
Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray	21 May 1675	5 May 1676
Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington	5 May 1676	30 September 1678
George Mackenzie, Lord Tarbat	30 September 1678	1 June 1680
William Douglas, 3rd Earl of Queensberry	1 June 1680	1 March 1682
James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth	1 March 1682	13 June 1684
George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow	13 June 1684	3 August 1689
Robert Ker, 4th Earl of Lothian	3 August 1689	15 February 1703
George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie	17 October 1704	23 October 1710
Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll	23 October 1710	15 April 1761
John Hay, 4th Marquess of Tweeddale	27 June 1761	9 December 1762
Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry	15 April 1763	22 October 1778
David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield	23 October 1778	1794
James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose	14 January 1795	30 December 1836

Lord President

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	From	Until	Remarks
Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth	1532	1543	Abbot of Cambuskenneth (1519–1548)
Robert Reid,Bishop of Orkney	1543	1558	Abbot of Kinloss (1528–1553); Commendator of Beauly (1531–1553); Bishop of Orkney (1541–1558)
Henry Sinclair,Bishop of Ross	1558	1565	Commendator of Kilwinning (1541–1550); Dean ofGlasgow (1550–1561); Bishop of Ross (1558–1565)
John Sinclair,Bishop of Brechin	1565	1566	Appointed aLord of Session, 1540; Bishop of Brechin (1565–1566)
William Baillie, Lord Provand	1566	1567
James Balfour, Lord Pittendreich	1567	1593	Appointed aLord of Session, 1561
Alexander Seton, 1st Lord Fyvie	1593	1604	Appointed aLord of Session, 1586; Provost of Edinburgh (1598–1608); Lord Chancellor of Scotland (1604–1622); Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland (1612–1621)
James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Balmerino	1605	1609	Appointed aLord of Session, 1587; Secretary of State (1598–1609)
John Preston of Fenton Barns, Lord Fentonbarns	1609	1616	Appointed aLord of Session, 1595
Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Melrose	1616	1625	Appointed aLord of Session, 1592; Lord Advocate (1595–1596 and 1596–1612); Lord Clerk Register (1612)
Sir James Skene of Curriehill	1626	1633	Lord Clerk Register (1594–1612); Appointed aLord of Session, 1594
Robert Spottiswood, Lord Newabbey	1633	1646	Appointed aLord of Session, 1622
SirJohn Gilmour of Craigmillar	1661	1671	Commissioner forEdinburghshire (1661–1671)
James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair	1671	1681	Appointed aLord of Session, 1661; Commissioner forWigtownshire (1672–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682)
George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen	1681	1682	Commissioner forAberdeenshire (1669–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682); Appointed aLord of Session, 1680; Lord Chancellor of Scotland (1682–1684)
SirDavid Falconer of Newton	1682	1685	Appointed aLord of Session, 1676; Commissioner forForfarshire (1685)
SirGeorge Lockhart of Carnwath	1685	31 March 1689	Appointed Dean of theFaculty of Advocates, 1672; Commissioner forLanarkshire (1681–1682 and 1685–1686)
James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair	28 October 1689	25 November 1695	Appointed aLord of Session, 1661; Commissioner forWigtownshire (1672–1674, 1678 and 1681–1682)
Hew Dalrymple, Lord North Berwick	17 March 1698	20 June 1737	Commissioner forNew Galloway (1690–1702); Dean of theFaculty of Advocates (1695–1698); Commissioner forNorth Berwick (1702–1707)
Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden	20 June 1737	4 June 1748	MP forAyr Burghs (1721–1722); MP forInverness Burghs (1722–1737); Lord Advocate (1725–1737)
Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston, the Elder	4 June 1748	26 August 1753	Solicitor General for Scotland (1717–1720); Lord Advocate (1720–1725); MP forMidlothian (1722–1737); Senator of the College of Justice (1737–1753)
Robert Craigie of Glendoick, Lord Craigie	22 January 1754	10 March 1760	MP forTain Burghs (1742–1747); Lord Advocate (1742–1746)
Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston, the Younger	30 April 1760	13 December 1787	Solicitor General for Scotland (1742–1746); Dean of theFaculty of Advocates (1746–1760) Lord Advocate (1754–1760); MP forMidlothian (1754–1760)
Thomas Miller, Lord Glenlee	22 December 1787	27 September 1789	MP forDumfries Burghs (1761–1766); Solicitor General for Scotland (1759–1760); Lord Advocate (1760–1766); Lord Justice Clerk (1766–1787)
Ilay Campbell, Lord Succoth	26 October 1789	31 August 1808	Solicitor General for Scotland (1783–1784); MP forClyde Burghs (1784–1790); Lord Advocate (1784–1789)
Robert Blair, Lord Avontoun	31 August 1808	20 May 1811	Solicitor General for Scotland (1789–1806); Dean of theFaculty of Advocates (1801–1808)
Charles Hope, Lord Granton	10 October 1811	20 July 1841	Lord Advocate (1801–1804); MP forDumfries Burghs (1802); MP forEdinburgh (1803–1805); Lord Justice Clerk (1804–1811)
David Boyle, Lord Boyle	7 October 1841	5 May 1852	MP forAyrshire (1807–1811); Solicitor General for Scotland (1807–1811); Lord Justice Clerk (1811–1841)
Duncan McNeill, 1st Baron Colonsay	14 May 1852	25 February 1867	MP forArgyllshire (1843–1851); Solicitor General for Scotland (1834–1835 & 1841–1842); Lord Advocate (1842–1846)
John Inglis, Lord Glencorse	25 February 1867	20 August 1891	MP forStamford (1858);Solicitor General for Scotland (1852); Lord Advocate (1852 & 1858); Lord Justice Clerk (1858–1867)
James Robertson, Baron Robertson	21 September 1891	21 November 1899	MP forButeshire (1885–1891); Solicitor General for Scotland (1885–1886 & 1886–1888); Lord Advocate (1888–1891);Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1899–1909)
John Balfour, 1st Baron Kinross	21 November 1899	22 January 1905	MP forClackmannan and Kinross (1880–1899); Solicitor General for Scotland (1880–1881); Lord Advocate (1881–1885, 1886 & 1892–1895)
Andrew Murray, 1st Baron Dunedin	4 February 1905	14 October 1913	MP forButeshire (1891–1905); Solicitor General for Scotland (1905–1909); Lord Advocate (1909–1913); Secretary for Scotland (1903–1905); Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1913–1932)
Alexander Ure, 1st Baron Strathclyde	14 October 1913	1 April 1920	MP forLinlithgowshire (1895–1913); Solicitor General for Scotland (1891–1892 & 1895–1896); Lord Advocate (1896–1903)
James Avon Clyde, Lord Clyde	1 April 1920	1 April 1935	Solicitor General for Scotland (1905); MP forEdinburgh West (1909–1918) andEdinburgh North (1918–1920);Lord Advocate (1916–1920)
Wilfrid Normand, Baron Normand	1 April 1935	6 January 1947	MP forEdinburgh West (1931–1935); Solicitor General for Scotland (1929 & 1931–1933); Lord Advocate (1933–1935);Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1947–1953)
Thomas Cooper, 1st Baron Cooper of Culross^[12]	6 January 1947	23 December 1954	MP forEdinburgh West (1935–1941); Solicitor General for Scotland (1935); Lord Advocate (1935–1941); Senator of the College of Justice (1941–1954); Lord Justice Clerk (1941-1947); Lord President of the Court of Session (1947–1954)
James Latham Clyde, Lord Clyde^[13]	23 December 1954	25 April 1972	MP forEdinburgh North (1950–1954);Lord Advocate (1951–1954); Senator of the College of Justice (1954–1972)
George Emslie, Baron Emslie^[14]	25 April 1972	27 September 1989	Dean of theFaculty of Advocates (1965–1970); Senator of the College of Justice (1970–1989)
David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead	27 September 1989	1 October 1996	Dean of theFaculty of Advocates (1986–1989); Senator of the College of Justice (1989–1996); Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1996–2009); Second Senior Law Lord (2009); Deputy President of the Supreme Court (2009–2013)
Alan Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry	1 October 1996	13 November 2002	Solicitor General for Scotland (1989–1992); Lord Advocate (1992–1995); Senator of the College of Justice (1995–2001); Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (2001–2009); Justice of the Supreme Court (2009–2011)
William Cullen, Baron Cullen of Whitekirk	13 November 2002	2 December 2005	Chairman of the Medical Appeals Tribunals (1977–1986); Senator of the College of Justice (1986–2005); Lord Justice Clerk (1997–2002)
Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton	2 December 2005	8 June 2012	Chairman of the Medical Appeals Tribunals (1989–1992); President of the Pensions Appeal Tribunal in Scotland (1992–1995); Senator of the College of Justice (1995–2012)
Brian Gill, Lord Gill	8 June 2012	31 May 2015	Senator of the College of Justice (1994–2015); Lord Justice Clerk (2001–2012)
Colin Sutherland, Lord Carloway	18 December 2015	3 February 2025^[15]	Senator of the College of Justice (2000–3 February 2025); Lord Justice Clerk (2012–2015)
Paul Cullen, Lord Pentland	3 February 2025	Incumbent^[15]	Senator of the College of Justice (5 November 2008–present)

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^dScottish Parliament.Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 as amended (see alsoenacted form), fromlegislation.gov.uk.
^Scottish Parliament.The Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 (Scottish Land Court) Order 2017 as made, fromlegislation.gov.uk.
^"Strengthening Judicial Independence in a Modern Scotland – Chapter 4 – Judges' Council".www.gov.scot. The Scottish Government. 8 February 2006.Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved3 April 2017.
^"Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Bill – Policy Memorandum"(PDF).parliament.scot. The Scottish Parliament. 30 January 2008. p. 7.Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved3 April 2017.
^"Constitution of the Judicial Council for Scotland"(PDF).judiciary-scotland.org.uk. Judicial Office for Scotland. 2007.Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved3 April 2017.The Judicial Council for Scotland ("the Council") is a body constituted for the purpose of providing information and advice to— (a) the Lord President of the Court of Session ("the Lord President"); and (b) the judiciary of Scotland, on matters relevant to the administration of justice in Scotland.
^"About the Court of Session".www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service.Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved2 April 2017.The Inner House is in essence the appeal court, though it has a small range of first instance business. It is divided into the First and the Second Divisions, of equal authority, and presided over by the Lord President and the Lord Justice Clerk respectively.
^"Court of Session Act 1988".Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.1988 (36). The National Archives: V.Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved20 April 2017.
^Scottish Government (6 February 2014).Policy Memorandum, Courts Reform (Scotland) Bill(PDF) (Report). Scottish Parliament.Archived(PDF) from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved20 April 2017.
^"Schedule, Promissory Oaths Act 1868".Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.72. The National Archives: Schedule. 1868.Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved20 April 2017.The oath as to England is to be tendered by the Clerk of the Council, and taken in presence of Her Majesty in Council, or otherwise as Her Majesty shall direct. The oath as to Scotland is to be tendered by the Lord President of the Court of Session at a sitting of the Court.
^"Section 18, Court of Session Act 1830",Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, vol. 69, p. 18, 23 July 1830,Office of lord justice general to devolve on lord president.
^"The Scots peerage : Founded on Wood's ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom".archive.org. Archived fromthe original on 11 April 2016.
^"No. 16401".The Edinburgh Gazette. 7 January 1947. p. 7.
^"No. 17246".The Edinburgh Gazette. 28 December 1954. p. 687.
^"No. 19080".The Edinburgh Gazette. 17 March 1972. p. 241.
^^a ^b"Lord President announces his intention to retire in 2025".scts_judiciary. Retrieved22 June 2024.

v t e Court of Session
Head of the judiciary	Lord President of the Court of Session
Other judges	Lord Justice Clerk Senators of the College of Justice(Women •Historic) Lord Ordinary
Divisions	Inner House Outer House
Administration	Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service Office of the Accountant of Court Principal Clerk of Session and Justiciary Faculty of Advocates
Officers of Court	Advocates Solicitor-advocates Writers to the Signet Messengers-at-Arms
Officers of Court	Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet
Buildings	Parliament House, Edinburgh

v t e High Court of Justiciary
Chief justice	Lord Justice General
Other judges	Lord Justice Clerk Lords Commissioners of Justiciary
Administration	Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service Principal Clerk of Session and Justiciary
Other Officers	Advocates Solicitor-advocates Writers to the Signet Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland
Buildings	Justiciary Building, Edinburgh Justiciary Buildings, Glasgow

v t e Courts of Scotland
Administration (Executive)	Scottish Government Cabinet Secretary for Justice Judicial Appointments Board Scottish Children's Reporter Administration Crown Office Lord Advocate Solicitor General for Scotland Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
Administration (Judicial)	Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service Judicial Office for Scotland College of Justice Act of Sederunt Scottish Civil Justice Council Act of Adjournal Criminal Courts Rules Council Office of the Public Guardian Scottish Sentencing Council
Judiciary	Lord President Lord Justice Clerk Senator of the College of Justice Lord Lyon King of Arms Sheriff principal Appeal Sheriff Sheriff Justice of the peace
Civil courts	Supreme Court Court of Session Office of the Accountant of Court Auditor of the Court of Session Sheriff Appeal Court Sheriff Personal Injury Court Sheriff court
Criminal courts	High Court of Justiciary Sheriff Appeal Court Sheriff court Justice of the peace court
Specialist courts	Court of the Lord Lyon Scottish Land Court Lands Tribunal for Scotland Children's hearing
Legal profession	Faculty of Advocates Advocate Law Society of Scotland Solicitor Solicitor advocate Scottish Solicitors' Discipline Tribunal
Historical courts	Admiralty Court District courts Court of Exchequer High Court of Constabulary

Great Officers of State ofEngland andScotland

Great Officers of State
of England

Lord High Steward	Vacant (most recently General SirGordon Messenger in 2023)
Lord High Chancellor	David Lammy MP (asSecretary of State for Justice)
Lord High Treasurer	Vacant
Lord President of the Council	Alan Campbell MP (alsoLeader of the House of Commons)
Lord Privy Seal	Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon (alsoLeader of the House of Lords)
Lord Great Chamberlain	In gross:Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington
Lord High Constable	Vacant (most recently Admiral SirTony Radakin in 2023)
Earl Marshal	Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Lord High Admiral	Charles III (in right of the Crown)¹

Officers of State
of Scotland

Greater

Lord High Chancellor	Abolished in1707 (see Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain)
Lord High Treasurer	Abolished in 1707 (see Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain)
Lord Privy Seal	Vacant since 1922
Lord Secretary	Abolished in 1709

Lesser

Lord Clerk Register	Lady Elish Angiolini
Lord Advocate	Dorothy Bain
Lord Treasurer-depute	Abolished in 1707
Lord Justice Clerk	John Beckett, Lord Beckett

Officers of the Crown
of Scotland

Lord President of the Council	Privy Council abolished in 1708
Lord High Chamberlain	Resigned to the Crown in 1703
Lord High Steward	William, Duke of Rothesay (asPrince and Great Steward of Scotland)
Lord High Constable	Merlin Hay, 24th Earl of Erroll
Knight Marischal	Vacant since 1863
Earl Marischal	Forfeit in 1716
Lord High Admiral²	Abolished in 1707
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland²	John Swinney MSP (asFirst Minister of Scotland)

¹ Office is either vested in the Crown, or vacant.Status is currently debated.
² There is debate around whether these offices constitute Officers of the Crown.

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Africa

17th and 18th centuries	19th century		20th century
Since 1658Saint Helena¹⁴ 1792–1961Sierra Leone 1795–1803Cape Colony	Since 1815Ascension Island¹⁴ Since 1816Tristan da Cunha¹⁴ 1806–1910Cape Colony 1807–1808Madeira 1810–1968Mauritius 1816–1965The Gambia 1856–1910Natal 1868–1966Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922Egypt	1884–1966Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960British Somaliland 1887–1897Zululand 1890–1962Uganda 1890–1963Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968Swaziland 1895–1920East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	1900–1914Northern Nigeria 1900–1914Southern Nigeria 1900–1910Orange River Colony 1900–1910Transvaal Colony 1903–1976Seychelles 1906–1954Nigeria Colony 1910–1931South Africa 1914–1954Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 1915–1931South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960Cameroons (Cameroon)⁶ 1920–1963Kenya 1922–1961Tanganyika (Tanzania)⁶ 1923–1965Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)⁷ 1924–1964Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1953–1963Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1954–1960Nigeria 1979–1980Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)⁷

6.League of Nations mandate.
7.Self-governing Southern Rhodesiaunilaterally declared independence in 1965 (asRhodesia) and continued as anunrecognised state until the 1979Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

Asia

17th and 18th century	19th century		20th century
1685–1824Bencoolen (Sumatra) 1702–1705Pulo Condore 1757-1862Bengal (to 1862) 1862–1947Bengal (from 1862) (West Bengal (India) andBangladesh) 1762–1764Manila and Cavite 1786–1946Penang (Malaysia) 1795–1948Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965Maldives	1812–1824Banka (Sumatra) andBilliton (Sumatra) 1819–1826British Malaya (West Malaysia andSingapore) 1826–1946Straits Settlements (Malaysia andSingapore) 1839–1967Colony of Aden 1839–1842Afghanistan 1841–1997Hong Kong 1841–1946Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1848–1946Labuan (Malaysia) 1858–1947British India (India,Pakistan andBangladesh, Burma) •Bombay •Calcutta •Madras •North-Western Provinces/Allahabad) 1874–1963British Borneo (East Malaysia andBrunei)	1879–1919Afghanistan (protectorate) 1882–1963British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984Sultanate of Brunei 1891–1971Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971Trucial States 1895–1946Federated Malay States 1898–1930Weihai Garrison	1907–1949Bhutan (protectorate) 1918–1961Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932Iraq⁸ 1921–1946Transjordan⁸ 1923–1948Palestine⁸ 1945–1946South Vietnam 1946–1963North Borneo (Malaysia) 1946–1963Sarawak (Malaysia) 1946–1963Singapore 1946–1948Malayan Union 1948–1957Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) Since 1960Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part ofCyprus) Since 1965British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part ofMauritius and theSeychelles)

⁸League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by theAnglo-Iraqi Treaty

Oceania

18th and 19th centuries		20th century
1788–1901New South Wales 1803–1901Tasmania 1807–1863Auckland Islands⁹ 1824–1980New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901Queensland 1829–1901Western Australia 1836–1901South Australia since 1838Pitcairn Islands	1841–1907Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901Victoria 1874–1970Fiji¹⁰ 1877–1976British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949Territory of Papua 1888–1901Cook Islands⁹ 1889–1948Union Islands (Tokelau)⁹ 1892–1979Gilbert and Ellice Islands¹¹ 1893–1978British Solomon Islands¹²	1900–1970Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974Niue⁹ 1901–1942 Commonwealth of AustraliaNorthern Territory 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942Nauru 1945–1968Nauru 1919–1949Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹³

9. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
10. Suspended member.
11. NowKiribati and *Tuvalu.
12. Now the *Solomon Islands.
13. Now *Papua New Guinea.

Antarctica and South Atlantic
Since 1658Saint Helena¹⁴ Since 1815Ascension Island¹⁴ Since 1816Tristan da Cunha¹⁴ Since 1908British Antarctic Territory¹⁵ 1841–1933Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to theCommonwealth of Australia) 1841–1947Ross Dependency (transferred to theRealm of New Zealand)
14. Since 2009 part ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).