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Lophophorata

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Clade of shelled animals

Lophophorata Temporal range:Early Cambrian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Bryozoa

Brachiopod
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
Clade:	ParaHoxozoa
Clade:	Bilateria
Clade:	Nephrozoa
Clade:	Protostomia
Clade:	Spiralia
Superphylum:	Lophotrochozoa
Grade:	"Tommotiida"
Clade:	Lophophorata Meglitsch, 1972
Clades
†"Tommotiida" (paraphyletic) †Tentaculita Brachiozoa Bryozoa s.l.
Synonyms^[1]
TentaculataHatschek, 1888

TheLophophorata (also calledTentaculata; not to be confused withTentaculata Eschscholtz 1825, a class within theCtenophora) are aLophotrochozoan clade consisting of theBrachiozoa and theBryozoa.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] They have alophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates areprotostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed asdeuterostomes.^[6] Fossil finds of the "tommotiid"Wufengella suggest that they evolved from worm-like animals that resembledannelids.^[7]^[8]

Lophophorata

	Brachiopoda

	Phoronida

Bryozoa s.l.

	Entoprocta

	Ectoprocta

Nemertea

References

[edit]

^Hedgpeth, Joel W. (February 1977). "Introduction to the Symposium: Biology of Lophophorates".American Zoologist.17 (1):3–4.doi:10.1093/icb/17.1.3.
^Temereva, Elena N.; Kuzmina, Tatyana V. (2017-07-31)."The first data on the innervation of the lophophore in the rhynchonelliform brachiopodHemithiris psittacea: what is the ground pattern of the lophophore in lophophorates?".BMC Evolutionary Biology.17 (1): 172.doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1029-5.ISSN 1471-2148.PMC 5537927.PMID 28760135.
^Meglitsch, P.A. (1972). The Lophophorate Coelomates. in:Invertebrate Zoology 2nd ed. 671–697
^Luo, Yi-Jyun; Kanda, Miyuki; Koyanagi, Ryo; Hisata, Kanako; Akiyama, Tadashi; Sakamoto, Hirotaka; Sakamoto, Tatsuya; Satoh, Noriyuki (2017-12-04)."Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads".Nature Ecology & Evolution.2 (1):141–151.doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0389-y.ISSN 2397-334X.PMID 29203924.
^Hausdorf, B.; Helmkampf, M.; Meyer, A.; Witek, A.; Herlyn, H.; Bruchhaus, I.; Hankeln, T.; Struck, T. H.; Lieb, B. (2007-06-29)."Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta".Molecular Biology and Evolution.24 (12):2723–2729.doi:10.1093/molbev/msm214.ISSN 0737-4038.PMID 17921486.
^Jang, Kuem; Hwang, Ui (2009)."Complete mitochondrial genome ofBugula neritina (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata): phylogenetic position of Bryozoa and phylogeny of lophophorates within the Lophotrochozoa".BMC Genomics.10 (1): 167.doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-167.ISSN 1471-2164.PMC 2678162.PMID 19379522.
^Guo, Jin; Parry, Luke A.; Vinther, Jakob; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wei, Fan; Zhao, Yang; et al. (2022)."A Cambrian tommotiid preserving soft tissues reveals the metameric ancestry of lophophorates".Current Biology.32 (21): 4769–4778.e2.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.011.PMID 36170853.
^Davis, Josh (29 September 2022)."An ancient hairy, armoured worm lived in the oceans over 500 million years ago".Natural History Museum. London: The Trustees of The Natural History Museum. Retrieved8 February 2023.

Extantanimal phyla

(major groups

ParaHoxozoa
(Planulozoa)

Placozoa (Trichoplax and relatives) Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)
Bilateria (Triploblasts)	(see below↓)

Thephylogeny of the animal rootis disputed; see also: Eumetazoa; Benthozoa

Scalidophora	Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Priapulida (penis worms)

N+L+P

Nematoida

L+P

Loricifera (corset animals)

Panarthropoda

Spiralia

Gnathifera

Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
M+S	Micrognathozoa(Limnognathia) Syndermata Rotifera (wheel animals) Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms)